On Confucius' Educational Thought —— A Brief Analysis of Confucius' Educational Thought
Confucius' educational thought mainly includes three aspects: first, Confucius runs education to serve his own political ideal; Second, Confucius educated his disciples to develop in an all-round way and put moral education in the first place; The third is to educate disciples to understand the national conditions and love the motherland, and disciples actively participate in the reform.
Keywords: educational thought; Moral education; Rule the country by virtue and rule the country by courtesy.
China Library Classification Number: G632 Document Identification Number: B Document Number:1002-7661(2015) 05-314-01.
Confucius was a great thinker, politician and educator in ancient China. He founded private schools, spread cultural knowledge to the people, and made indelible contributions to the development of ancient culture and education in China. Confucius' educational thoughts are very rich, and there are many places worth summarizing and learning from. The following is only discussed from three aspects: first, Confucius runs education for his own political ideal; Second, educate disciples to develop in an all-round way and put moral education in the first place; Third, educate disciples to love the motherland and take an active part in reform.
First of all, the purpose of Confucius education is to serve the realization of his political ideal.
Confucius lived at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, the social history was in an era of great change, the slave society was collapsing, the feudal society was about to be born and the historical trend was irreversible. Confucius could not return history to the prosperity of slavery in the Western Zhou Dynasty. When he was in politics in Shandong, he was at odds with the ruling Yuan. From the age of 35, I began to accept apprentices and cultivate followers. Later, he took his disciples all over the East to publicize his ideas, but they were not used by the rulers of various countries. Finally, he had to return to Lu painfully. After returning to Shandong, he recruited disciples and taught in the open door, aiming at cultivating talents through education and serving his political ideals.
Confucius' educational thought is to cultivate talents who are governed by virtue and courtesy. A country's rule of virtue and courtesy depends on saints, virtuous officials and good people. Sages, sages and good citizens are not born, but can be cultivated through education. Therefore, he attaches great importance to the role of education. He said: people? Sex is similar, but learning is far away? . He advocates that everyone should be educated, which is his? Don't teach in class Brilliant idea. In his view, there were not only no saints in the Spring and Autumn Period, but also saints with gentleman character. Even so, the established monarch is sacred and inviolable, otherwise it is indecent and disloyal. Educated villains become good citizens, and they are the objects of governance and supply. Is the virtuous minister practicing? Rule by virtue and rule by courtesy? A decisive force. The sages are mainly selected from educated sages, gentlemen and scholars. A saint is an intellectual with the highest moral quality. As long as the authorities appoint him, he will become a virtuous minister. With good ministers, the country can be governed well. A gentleman is an intellectual with both ability and political integrity, while a scholar is an ordinary intellectual. With qualified gentlemen and scholars, you can also choose good ministers from them. The purpose of Confucius education is to cultivate a group of sages and outstanding gentlemen and scholars through education, and to be selected as sages by kings of various countries. Governing the country through virtuous ministers, implement? Rule by virtue and rule by courtesy? Can the country be like the early Western Zhou Dynasty? Peace and prosperity? .
Second, Confucius also attached great importance to the all-round development of human beings in running schools and put moral education in the first place.
First, Confucius? Four major religions? Moral education is the mainstay. What is the primary content of Confucius' teaching? Zi teaches four things: writing, action, loyalty and faith? . Among the four major religions, literature is the knowledge of cultural and historical knowledge, while action and faithfulness are ideological and moral cultivation. Confucius believes that ideological and moral education is the main thing, supplemented by the study of cultural knowledge. Only by accepting the ideological and moral education he asked for first can it be useful to learn cultural knowledge. So he said:? Disciples are filial when they enter, but younger when they leave. They are sincere and trustworthy, love the masses, care about others, and have more mechanical literature. . He asked his disciples to first cultivate themselves with the ideology and morality of slave owners and nobles. Okay, spare capacity? Then learn cultural knowledge. Confucius also said:? A gentleman is knowledgeable in writing, and he makes an appointment with courtesy? . It can also be seen that Confucius put ideological and moral education in the first place when educating students.
Secondly, Confucius put moral education in the first place, which can also be proved by summarizing the educational significance of Confucius' six classics from the ancients. Zhuangzi, which first mentioned the Six Classics, said: Men in Zou Lu can make it clear. Poetry is based on Taoism, Shu is based on Taoism, Li is based on Taoism, Yue is based on Taoism, Yi is based on Taoism, Yin and Yang are based on Taoism, and Spring and Autumn are based on Taoism. . Book of rites? Interpretation and historical records? There is a similar record in Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio, but it comes from Confucius. It can be seen that Confucius put political and ideological education in the first place when summing up the educational significance and value of the Six Classics.
Third, educate disciples to love the motherland and actively participate in reform.
Confucius himself is a patriot and has deep feelings for Lu who gave birth to him and raised him. When the motherland was in danger, he stepped forward to save her from humiliation. In the tenth year of Ru Lu (500 BC), Lu formed an alliance with the Oracle bones, taking Confucius as the phase. Just when the two gentlemen met, the Qi people launched a surprise attack with their strength. Noisy, want to hug lujun? . In the face of this sudden incident, Confucius persisted in face-to-face struggle without fear of violence and danger, and finally won, and Lu returned home safely. It fully embodies his patriotic spirit of not humiliating your life and safeguarding the dignity of Lu. Confucius himself was patriotic and taught his disciples to be patriotic. In 484 BC, the division of Qi forced Lu to help the world, and the division and uncle made peace with Qi. Ran Qiu, a disciple of Confucius, was a servant to help the world, so he fought the main battle. They took 7,000 soldiers and 300 disciples under the door of Jishi, and defeated Qi in the suburbs of Shandong. Confucius praised Ran Qiu and Fan Chi and said, What about you? You can go to war to defend your country. Defended the motherland and saved the people from slaughter.
Confucius ran education, attached importance to teaching and educating people, and trained a group of useful talents for the society. There are 3,000 Confucius brothers, who began to spread cultural knowledge to the people and made great contributions. What are the names of the 72 people who have achieved something among their disciples? Sage? . Such as Yan Yuan, Min Zikai, Ran Boniu and Zhong Gong, have the best virtue; Zi Gong and I are good at writing and diplomacy. You Ran, a land robot, is good at politics; Ziyou and Xia Zi are good at literature. Because Confucius attached importance to social practice in teaching, his disciples gradually saw the needs of society in the process of practice. After their studies, they did not stick to normal education and actively participated in social reform. Among them, the most famous is Xia Zi. After the death of Confucius, Xia Zi went to give lectures in Hexi, Wei. He used to be? For Wei Wenhou? ,? Hou Wen is a teacher. He asks about national politics. In the early years of the Warring States Period, he made great contributions to Wei Wenhou by giving advice, appointing Li Kui for reform and vigorously promoting the reform policy. During their study, other disciples went into politics one after another: Luz was the general manager of Luji, the doctor of Wei Puyi, and later the city guard of Wei Dafu Kong Mao. In summer, I was slaughtered by Ju Fu, Ran Qiu by Ji Zai, Ziyou by Lu Wucheng, ran yong by Lu Ji Zai, by Lu Shan Fu, Wu Ma by single father, Zhong Gong by Ju Fu Zai, Zi Lamb by Fei Zai, I was slaughtered by Dr. Lin Zi, Zi Gong often accompanied Lu Wei, and Hui Shulan was Wei. Most of them are the right-hand men of doctors who actively carry out reform policies. Ran Qiu, ran yong and others have made outstanding contributions in helping representatives of emerging forces in Shandong to carry out reform policies.
To sum up, we can see that Confucius' educational thought mainly has three aspects: first, Confucius runs education to serve his own political ideal; Second, Confucius educated his disciples to develop in an all-round way and put moral education in the first place; The third is to educate disciples to understand the national conditions and love the motherland, and disciples actively participate in the reform. To sum up, education should serve politics, give priority to moral education, and educate disciples to be patriotic. These excellent educational thoughts of China in ancient times deserve our inheritance and reference when we carry out educational reform today.