In the research and writing process of graduation thesis, the author's thinking activity is very active. Some unremarkable materials, seemingly irrelevant materials, often produce new associations or new viewpoints after being familiar with and thinking. If you don't write an outline carefully, you will be disturbed by this phenomenon, and you will have to keep writing, rethinking and even overturning what you have written. This not only increases the workload, but also greatly affects the writing mood. The outline of graduation thesis is like the blueprint of the project. As long as you carefully consider the outline before you start writing and spend more time and energy to make it solid, you can form a clear and logical paper framework, thus avoiding a lot of unnecessary rework.
In addition, if the students who have just started to write a thesis write their own ideas as an outline first, and then ask others for advice, they can understand them at first sight, and it is easier to put forward some suggestions for revision and supplement, so as to get effective guidance.
Second, what is the format of historical papers? Standard format (1) title of historical papers.
It is a logical combination of the most important specific contents with the most appropriate and concise words. Unusual ellipsis, acronyms, characters, codes and formulas should be avoided. Generally, the number of words does not exceed 20 titles. Author's name and unit.
More than two people, generally ranked according to the size of contribution. ⑶ Abstract is a brief statement of the contents of the paper, without comments or annotations. Chinese abstracts generally do not exceed 300 words. You can get important information from it without reading the full text.
250 words in a foreign language. Include: ① that importance of this study; ② Main research contents and application methods; (3) Summarize the research results, highlight new ideas and clarify the final conclusion.
⑷ Keywords are words or terms selected from the paper to express the subject information items of the full text, generally 3-7. 5. The introduction goes back to explain the research purpose, scope, preliminary work and knowledge layout in related fields, theoretical basis and analysis, research ideas, research methods, expected results and significance.
(6) Conclusion: refers to the final and overall conclusion of the full text, rather than a simple repetition of the summary of each paragraph in the text. It requires accuracy, completeness, clarity and conciseness. (8) Acknowledgement: Express gratitude to those who helped to write the paper, and ask for sincere attitude and concise words. (9) List of references (comments), all kinds of references directly cited in this paper. Starting page number) Continuous publications shall indicate the publication name, publication date, number of issues and starting and ending page numbers in turn. ⑽ Appendix: indicate the text and figures attached to the text. Extended information:
The paper format refers to the stylistic requirements and writing standards when writing a paper. Intuitively speaking, the paper format means that the paper meets the standard style and content requirements that can be made public.
Papers are often used to carry out scientific research and describe scientific research results. It is not only a means to discuss problems in scientific research, but also a tool to describe scientific research achievements for academic exchange.
Including academic papers, graduation papers, dissertations, scientific papers, achievement papers, etc. , collectively referred to as the paper. Notes: 1, graduation thesis is printed on a4 paper, with margins of 2.5cm up and down and 3cm left and right, and line spacing is multiple line spacing (setting value is1.25); The character spacing is the default value (zoom 100%, spacing: standard), and the cover is the cover uniformly designated by the Academic Affairs Office.
2. Font requires that the font used in this article be Song Ti. 3. The font size of the first-level preface and title is bold in small three; The preface and title of the second level are in bold type 4; The order and title of Grade 3 and below are the same as those of Grade 2, and the text is Grade 4.
4. Headers and page numbers All pages of the graduation thesis are added with headers, and "xx University xxxx Student Graduation Thesis (Design)" is printed with Song Wu as the center. Page numbers are arranged in the footer according to the number of * * * in the text and written in the middle.
5. Abstracts and keywords Chinese abstracts and keywords: The word "abstract" is written in bold, centered, and two spaces are added between "abstract" and "important", the content is Song Ti No.4, and the word "keyword" is written in small four-character bold, generally 3-5.
The English abstract should correspond to the Chinese abstract, and the font is times new roman. 6. The word "directory" in the directory is written in bold and centered, with two spaces between "item" and "land". The first level adopts the three-song style, and the other levels adopt the four-song style.
7. All the title levels of the text should be neat and clear, and the same level should be expressed in a unified font. The first level is "one", "two" and "three", the second level is "1. 1", 1.2 "and 1.3", and the third level is "1"
8. References References should start on a new page, all of which should be placed after the text, with quotation marks in the text, such as *** [1]. 9. Foreign language materials and translation Baidu Encyclopedia-paper format.
Third, what is the format of historical papers? I. Basic characteristics
Historical essays are actually "political essays", which are short in length and emphasize the combination of history and theory. Specifically, they have the following characteristics:
1. There are arguments and refutations in the way of discussion.
(1) Proposition is to demonstrate the correctness of an argument from the front, or to talk about the understanding and knowledge of a correct viewpoint. As Mr. Fan Wenlan said, "decadent feudalism can never beat emerging capitalism". Please combine the situation of China before and after the Opium War to analyze this view.
(2) Refuting the topic is to refute the wrong viewpoint or argument, deny the other party's mistakes, distinguish right from wrong, and form a correct understanding. For example, Zhao Erxun said in the Draft of Qing History: "Xiuquan advocated revolution with one person, ... China is in danger, which is a real sign." Is this view correct? Please write a short essay around the progressive role of BuDou and the Taiping Revolution.
2. There are generally three types of propositions.
(1) The object and content of direct comments. The objects of comments are people, events, systems, works and phenomena. The content of comments is nothing more than reason, nature, system, status, influence and function. For example, the historical position of the national bourgeoisie in China during the democratic revolution.
② Provide some materials for proposition analysis. For example, 1990 Shanghai College Entrance Examination History Question and Answer: According to the following discussion, combined with relevant Chinese and foreign historical facts, talk about your views on patriotism.
There is the "patriotism" of the Japanese aggressors and Hitler, and there is our patriotism. Members must resolutely oppose the so-called "patriotism" of the Japanese aggressors and Hitler. The people of Japan and Germany are defeatists in their national wars. ..... Our slogan is to defend the motherland and fight against the invaders. For us, defeatism is evil, and it is our duty to win in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression.
-China's position in the national war 1938 10.
(3) Put forward one or more viewpoints to demonstrate or refute. For example, Emperor Yang Di Yang Guang is a controversial figure in history. Some people say that he is "full of mistakes", while others say that he is "indispensable". Please make an evaluation from the viewpoint of historical materialism.
Four, the standard format of high school history papers
(1) title. The most appropriate and concise words reflect the logical combination of the most important specific content in the text. Unusual omitted words, acronyms, characters, codes and formulas should be avoided. Generally, the number of words does not exceed 20 titles.
The author's name and unit, more than two people, are generally sorted according to the size of contribution. (1) responsibility; ② Record the results; ③ Easy to search.
⑶ Abstract: It is a brief statement of the content of the paper without comment. Chinese abstracts generally do not exceed 300 words. You can get important information from it without reading the full text. There are 250 notional words in foreign languages, including: ① the importance of this study; ② Main research contents and application methods; General research results, outstanding new insights, and clarify the final conclusion, focusing on the results and conclusions.
(4) Keywords. They are 3-7 words or terms selected from the paper to express the subject information items of the full text, and have a special thesaurus.
5. introduction Come back to explain the purpose, scope, preliminary work and knowledge distribution in related fields, theoretical basis and analysis, research ideas, research methods, expected results and significance.
[6] Text
(7) Conclusion: refers to the final and overall conclusion of the full text, rather than a simple repetition of the summary of the paragraphs in the text. It requires accuracy, completeness, clarity and conciseness.
(8) Thank you: express your gratitude to those who helped write the paper, and ask for sincere attitude and concise words.
(9) List of references (comments), which shall list all references directly cited in this article, including the author, title and publication items (place of publication, publishing house, year of publication, and initial page number). For continuous publications, the publication name, publication date, number of issues, and starting and ending page numbers shall be indicated in turn. (19) Appendix: The text should indicate the attached text and figures.
I think the format of papers is fixed, and the difference between high school and college papers should be the quality of content, not the format.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) Historical Essay 1500 Qin, from Ruyang, Henan, 1936.
At the age of 24, I worked in the archives department of Ming and Qing Dynasties, and I have been engaged in T-files in Ming and Qing Dynasties. By the time he retired, he had been working in T-file of China No.1 Historical Archives for 37 years, and had been engaged in this archives work in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Qin's accumulated knowledge of archives in Ming and Qing dynasties is almost beyond his reach, and he himself is also known as an expert in Qing history.
As a T-writer, Mr. Qin published many papers and works, such as On the Merit of Emperor Qianlong in Governing the Imperial Court and Guangxu who wanted to make a difference. After retirement, he continued to write, writing and editing Panorama of Royal Life in the Forbidden City, Works of Royal History in Qing Dynasty, Illustrations of Documents and Archives in Qing Dynasty and Archives of Ming and Qing Dynasties which will be introduced in this paper.
Archives of Ming and Qing Dynasties is a masterpiece that Mr. Qin spent more than ten years studying archives of Ming and Qing Dynasties after his retirement. Published in College Press in 2005.
Mr. Qin's nearly 40 years of archival writing experience 1 and his accumulated knowledge over the years are all integrated into this 570,000-word masterpiece Archives of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. When I got this book, I was really surprised at its thickness. I thought it would take a lot of energy to finish reading such a thick book, let alone writing this masterpiece! Therefore, I have to admire Mr. Qin.
First, the content and structure of the book. The book is divided into seven parts, one chapter and thirty-four chapters. The first part is mainly the historical background, which, like the preface of the paper, leads to the appearance of the following.
The second and third parts introduce the archives of the Ming and Qing Dynasties collected by various museums, which gives us a general understanding of the current situation of the archives of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, mainly including the archives of the Ming and Qing Dynasties kept by China No.1 Historical Archives, the Palace Museum, the Liaoning Provincial Archives, the Jilin Provincial Archives, the Four Seasons Lib Archives and the Shandong Provincial Archives. It also introduces the archives of the Ming and Qing Dynasties preserved abroad, thus showing more than 2,000 existing ones in the world. The fourth part introduces Ming and Qing archives according to their contents, including government affairs, court and royal family, official affairs, military affairs, politics and law, nationalities, Chinese-foreign relations and so on 18.
The fifth, sixth and seventh parts are the introduction of the archives cause in Ming and Qing Dynasties, mainly including the development and management of the archives cause in Ming and Qing Dynasties. From the point of view of managers and working ideas, this paper tells readers the internal relations in these archives arrangement in Ming and Qing dynasties, which is convenient for us to search and consult.
The structural arrangement between chapters, we will find that each part will be different according to the needs. The first part is in chronological order, from Ming Dynasty to Qing Dynasty; The second and third parts are sorted by archives, including historical archives, Taiwan Province Province and overseas, and provincial archives. The fourth part shows the logic, and the author sorts the different contents. Generally speaking, politics comes first, culture comes last, and economy comes last, while politics is a top-down order from the royal family to the imperial court, then to the officialdom, and finally to the people.
The fifth, sixth and seventh parts are sorted according to the order of file management and the overall order. The arrangement of the book is very logical, much like a compact article, closely linked step by step.
A whole. Second, multi-functional reading "Ming and Qing Archives" is a book with a noble soul.
Its content is not single-sided, but as the academic evaluation said: "It is not only an academic work to study Ming and Qing archives, archives works and archives of Ming and Qing dynasties, but also a reference book to retrieve and utilize archives of Ming and Qing dynasties." ... n, including everything in the Ming and Qing archives.
It is its rich content that makes the book have many functions, as follows: 1. Historical function: introduce the relevant historical background of file generation. At the beginning of the book, the author arranged the first part of "State organs and document filing system in Ming and Qing Dynasties". In this part, the author briefly introduces the establishment and reform of state institutions in Ming and Qing dynasties, focusing on the document filing system in these two dynasties.
For example, when introducing the political system and state institutions of the Ming Dynasty, the author introduced the measures of abolishing the province of books, setting up the cabinet and setting up the "three divisions" in the Ming Dynasty. The introduction of the documents and archives system of the two dynasties is more direct for us to understand the archives of the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
The introduction of Institutional Change and File Filing System shows the whole process of the formation, circulation, filing and preservation of archives in Ming and Qing Dynasties, which provides us with a lot of historical background for understanding archives in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Of course, the author's introduction also unexpectedly received another effect, that is, it showed the readers the development history of institutions and document filing system in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, which made this book a "historical work".
Moreover, when the author introduces each batch of files, he will also introduce the file forming institutions. For example, when introducing the cabinet files of the Qing Dynasty, he will briefly discuss the establishment, responsibilities and development of cabinet institutions. At the same time, the book also has a lot of historical data analysis and discussion, which is one of the reasons why it has the nature of "historical works".
For example, in the fourth part, when studying and discussing the classification of archives in Ming and Qing Dynasties, the author basically introduced the background of each kind of archives. For example, when introducing the government archives, I introduced every emperor of the Qing Dynasty.
This is undoubtedly of great help to our understanding of the Qing emperor and history. 2. Guide to the whole nation: introduction to the preservation of archives in Ming and Qing Dynasties in various libraries.
When introducing Ming and Qing archives, the author adopts the method of branch library introduction. First of all, it is the most abundant historical archives in China, followed by the introduction of Ming and Qing archives in China and abroad.
When introducing various archives, the author will first briefly introduce the organization and background of archives, then introduce the collection of such archives, and finally explain how the library classifies such archives, so as to facilitate readers to follow the map. It can be said that this part makes the book very similar to the introduction of Ming and Qing archives in various archives. Therefore, the book has a certain nature of "all archives guide", and readers can find the corresponding archives in the archives according to this guide.
3. Reference books: the collection of a large number of historical materials. The collection of a large number of historical materials is reflected in the fourth part, the classification of archives and the historical research of Ming and Qing Dynasties.
In this article, the author divides archives into Ming and Qing dynasties like books in libraries.
Sixth, the history composition, the first day, what to write? Undoubtedly, if 1974 hadn't been discovered, thousands of pottery figurines in this archaeological site would still be sleeping underground.
Qin Shihuang, the first emperor to unify China, died in 2 10 BC and was buried in the center of the mausoleum. Around his mausoleum are those famous terracotta warriors and horses.
The complex structure of Qin Shihuang Mausoleum was designed and built according to the model of Xianyang, its former capital. Those ceramic ladies-in-waiting, who are slightly smaller than human figures, have different shapes. Together with their war horses, chariots and weapons, they have become perfect masterpieces of realism, and at the same time they have retained high historical value.
Introduction: The Mausoleum of Qin Shihuang is located at the northern foot of Lishan Mountain, 30 kilometers east of Xi City, Shaanxi Province (the other two data are: The Mausoleum of Qin Shihuang is located in Xiahe Village, 5 kilometers east of Lintong. The mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor is located in Lintong District, 35 kilometers east of Xi, surrounded by mountains and lush trees in the south. The north faces the banks of the Weihe River, which twists and turns like a silver snake.
Surrounded by towering peaks, the tall mausoleum and Mount Li are integrated, with beautiful scenery and unique environment. This mausoleum is large in scale and imposing.
The cemetery covers a total area of 56.25 square kilometers. The original height of the land on the mausoleum was about 1 15 meters, and it is still as high as 76 meters. There are double walls inside and outside the cemetery. The circumference of the inner city is 3840m, and that of the outer city is 62 10/0m.
There are about 8- 10 meters high walls inside and outside the walls, and there are still relics. The burial area is in the south, and the sleeping hall and the convenient hall are built in the north.
Qin Shihuang was an outstanding politician in the history of China. His surname is Zheng Ming, the son of King Xiang of Qin Zhuang. He was born in Handan, Kyoto, Zhao in 259 BC. In 246 BC 13 years old, he was made king of Qin, and was crowned king at the age of 22. During the period from 236 BC to 22 1 year 15 BC, the state of Qin wiped out six vassal states, namely, Korea, Zhao, Wei, Chu, Yan and Qi, completely ending the history of the Warring States, and establishing the first unified, multi-ethnic and centralized feudal dynasty in China's history through blood and fire.
"Many dissenting Confucian sweep Liuhe, tiger potential He Xiongzai; Swing the sword and set the clouds, and the princes will come to the West. " Qin Shihuang, the omnipotent monarch, not only left great achievements to future generations, but also left this mysterious royal cemetery.
According to historical records, the cemetery was built in the second year after Ying Zheng ascended the throne. It was completed in 208 BC and lasted for 39 years.
(The other two materials: First, he was in office for 37 years and built a mausoleum for him for 36 years; Second, the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor started construction from the time of his accession to the throne, which lasted for 38 years. Reese, then prime minister, was the designer of the mausoleum and was supervised by General Zhang Han.
* * * has collected 720,000 manpower, and the number of people who use the mausoleum is close to 800,000 at most, almost eight times that of the people who built pyramid of khufu. The Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor is the first royal cemetery in the history of China.
Its scale is huge, and the funerary objects are rich, ranking first among the emperors' tombs in past dynasties, and it is the largest emperor's tomb. According to the principle of enjoying wealth after Qin Shihuang's death, the cemetery was built in a zigzag shape, modeled after the layout of Xianyang, the capital of Qin State. Around the mausoleum, there are double walls inside and outside, with an inner circumference of 3870 meters and an outer circumference of 62 10 meters. At present, the large-scale ground buildings in the mausoleum area are sleeping halls, mourning halls, garden temples and other sites.
According to historical records, the mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor is divided into two parts: the cemetery area and the burial area. The cemetery covers an area of nearly 8 square kilometers, with a dual structure of outer city and inner city, and a quadrangular conical paddock.
The enclosure of the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor formed three steps, with a square bottom, a bottom area of about 250,000 square meters and a height of115m. However, due to more than 2,000 years of wind and rain erosion and man-made destruction, the current paddock has a bottom area of about 120 square meters and a height of 87 meters (another information: the initial height of the cemetery is 120), and the total area of the whole cemetery is 56.25 square kilometers.
Building materials are shipped from Hubei, Sichuan and other places. In order to prevent the river from washing away the mausoleum, Qin Shihuang also ordered the north-south flow to be changed to the east-west flow.
There is a mound in the south of the cemetery, which is 43 meters high. There are two rammed earth walls inside and outside.
The circumference of the inner city is 3890 meters, and the circumference of the outer city is 6249 meters, symbolizing the imperial city and Miyagi respectively. Between the inner city and the outer city, archaeologists have discovered horse burial pits, clay figurine pits, rare birds and animals pits, as well as sacrificial pits, stable pits, torture pits and tombs of grave repairers outside the mausoleum.
More than 400 graves have been found. The mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor is 55.05 meters high and 2000 meters in circumference.
According to the survey, the whole cemetery covers an area of 220,000 square meters, with large-scale palaces and pavilions. The shape of the mausoleum is divided into two cities, inner and outer.
The inner city is square, with a circumference of 2525.4 meters and an outer city of 6264 meters. The scale of Qin Shihuang's mausoleum is far from comparable to that of the Egyptian pyramids.
The Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor is the first royal cemetery in China. Among the nearly 100 imperial tombs in China, it is famous for its large scale and rich tombs. 1956 Shaanxi provincial people * * was declared as a provincial key cultural relics protection unit, 196 1 year China people * * and the State Council were declared as the first batch of key cultural relics protection units, 1987 UNESCO listed the Mausoleum of the First Qin Shihuang as a world cultural heritage protection list, making it the whole mankind.
In 2002, the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor was rated as a national AAAA-level tourist attraction. The pyramids in ancient Egypt are the largest above-ground tombs in the world, and the mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor in China is the largest underground tomb in the world.
The Qin Dynasty is a glorious page in the history of China, and the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor concentrated the highest achievements of Qin civilization. Qin Shihuang took all the glory of his life underground.
The underground palace of Qin Shihuang Mausoleum is the core part of the mausoleum building, which is located under the mound. "Historical Records" records: "Pass the three springs, drop the bronze wares, fill the palace with officials, and move the treasures.
Take mercury as a hundred rivers and seas, and instill it by machine. There is astronomy in the world, geography in the world, and mermaid cream is a candle, which lasts forever. "
Archaeological findings show that the underground palace covers an area of about 6.5438+0.8 million square meters, and the depth of the center point is about 30 meters. The cemetery is centered on mounds and surrounded by many funerals with rich connotations and unprecedented scale. In addition to the well-known terracotta warriors and bronze chariots and horses tombs, more than 600 large-scale Shijiakeng, Baixi figurine pits, civilian figurine pits and tombs have been discovered, and 654.38+10,000 pieces of cultural relics have been unearthed in the archaeological work of the Qin tombs for decades.
There are many cultural relics booths in the cemetery, showing some cultural relics unearthed from the Qin Mausoleum in the past 20 years. There is a waterway exhibition area to reproduce the scientific and thorough drainage facilities of the cemetery in that year; I believe it will happen again with the progress of archaeological work.
Seven, how to write a liberal arts paper (design, homework) format and template 1. The paper is A4 paper, 2.5cm above, 2.5cm below, 3.0cm on the left and 2.5cm on the right; The binding line on the left is 0.5cm2. Binding sequence: Graduation Design (Thesis) Evaluation Form of Central Radio and TV University → Contents → Chinese Abstracts → English Abstracts → Text → Notes → References → Acknowledgements → Appendices (bold parts are required). The binding method of paper is uniformly stipulated as left binding.
3. Directory: "Directory" is bold and centered; The content is small four in bold, with line spacing of 1.25, which consists of abstract, key words, chapters, sections, articles and references, and the serial number is: the first-class title "I"; Secondary title "(2); Three-level title "3" 4. Chinese abstract: [Abstract] and [Keywords] are bold, and the contents are fonts in fonts, fonts of fonts, fonts of fonts, fonts of fonts, fonts of fonts, fonts of fonts, Font Font Font Font Font Font Font Font Font Font Font Font Font Font Font Font Font Font Font Font 1.25(3) First-level title format: First-level title: 1, No.3 bold font, with two spaces at the beginning and no punctuation at the end (4) No.2 title is 1 bold font. (5) Three-level title: the serial number is "1." , the first two spaces, followed by a space after the text, the fourth small is bold.
(6) The serial numbers of the titles of the fourth and fifth levels are "(1)" and "①" respectively, which are the same as the font size of the text, and whether to exclude them can be determined according to the length of the titles. If the line is exclusive, no punctuation is used at the end, otherwise, a period must be added after the title.
The titles at the next level of each level shall be numbered consecutively. (7) Notes (as required): Where notes are needed in the text, you can add a number in the upper right corner of the note in the form of "①, ② …………………………" (that is, insert footnotes), and continue to write notes at the footnotes at the bottom of the page corresponding to the notes.
The number of notes is sorted by page number, and each note occupies a paragraph, which is a small fifth style. Annotation format requirements: Works: [serial number] Author, translator, title, edition, place of publication, publishing house, publication time, number of pages of quotation ① Yan Yuanzhang. The origin of China's educational thought [M]. Beijing: Sanlian Bookstore Press,1993.11:137-141. Periodical: [serial number] author, translator, article title, periodical name, year and number of volumes (issues). Quotations page ① Chen Suya. sports
(1) Zhu Xiaoman. Reflections on moral education in schools [A]. 2 1 Century China Moral Education Reform and Innovation [C]. Yinchuan: Academy Press, 2002:121-133 (8) Figures, tables, formulas, formulas, etc. The newspapers are all in accordance with * *. Serial numbers are coded in chapter order, and their marking forms should be easy to distinguish from each other, as shown in the following figure: 2. 1, table 3.2, formula (3.5), etc.
6. References: [References] No.5 is bold; Content No.5 Song Ti; Single page. References should be documents of reference value for graduation design (thesis) that the author personally inspected.
References should be authoritative, and attention should be paid to quoting the latest literature. The author of graduation thesis should read a large number of relevant documents before and after the topic selection, and the amount of literature reading should be no less than 5.
The format of references is: works: [serial number] author, translator, title, edition, place of publication, publishing house and publication time. Periodical: [serial number] author, translator, article title, periodical name, year and number of volumes (issues). Conference Proceedings: [serial number] Author, translator, article name, collection name, conference place, conference year, publishing place, publisher and publishing time.
7. Page number: Start from the text and center at the bottom of the page. 3. Content (bold small two, education cost means 1. The significance of education cost management in RTVU system is 1. The cost of education should be the basis for reasonably determining the tuition standard. 2. The establishment of education cost accounting management system is the guarantee to reduce the cost ... 2. The diversification of RTVU's running mode determines the necessity of education cost management. Exploration on the method of educational cost management in RTVU system 3 (1) Principles that must be followed in educational cost management 365,438+0. Principles of cost management. Principle of cost allocation 4 (2) The method choice of education cost management in RTVU system is 565,438+0. Conditional departments can implement enterprise management. Vigorously promote the target economic responsibility system in the whole school. Reference 8 (the content is in bold small four, and the row spacing is 1.25) has the secondary title "(2)"; With the improvement of the competition mechanism in the education market, terms such as "price by quality" and "cost accounting", which embody the market rules, have now entered schools and approached education.
How to strengthen the accounting of college education cost will surely become the focus of financial management in colleges and universities. The author believes that strengthening the management of educational cost must follow the following principles: 1. Principles of cost management; 2. The principle of cost allocation.
The article thinks that different management methods should be implemented according to different situations, that is, departments with conditions can implement enterprise management, and at the same time vigorously promote the target economic responsibility system throughout the school. In short, in order to reduce the cost of education, we must establish a cost consciousness.
[Keywords:] RTVU system; Education cost; Cost management; Cost awareness ([abstract] and [keywords] are in bold, and the content is in font size 4, 1.25cm)5. Thesis Title * * The main task of RTVU is to hold modern distance higher education, undergraduate education and secondary professional education. * * (Text: font size 4, with two spaces at the beginning of each paragraph, with a spacing of. The development of adult education must adapt to the market economy, which determines that adult education is more socialized and market-oriented.
First, the meaning of education cost (first-level title format: serial number "I", bold type three, exclusive one line, two spaces at the beginning and no punctuation at the end) (first-level title format: serial number "I", Song Dynasty No.4, bold type, exclusive one line, two spaces at the beginning and no punctuation at the end). )。
Eight, junior high school history composition how to write the title of the standard format of historical papers (1). It is a logical combination of the most important specific contents with the most appropriate and concise words. Unusual ellipsis, acronyms, characters, codes and formulas should be avoided. Generally, the number of words does not exceed 20 titles. (2) the author's name and unit, more than two people, generally according to the size of the contribution. (1) Write at your own risk; ② Record the results; (3) Easy to retrieve (3) Abstract: It is a brief statement of the content of the paper without comments. Chinese abstracts are generally less than 300 words, and you can get important information from them without reading the full text. There are 250 notional words in foreign languages, including: (1) the importance of this study; ② Main research contents and application methods; (3) Overall research results, highlighting new insights and clarifying the final conclusion. The focus is on the results and conclusions. (4) keywords. Select 3-7 words or terms from the paper to express the information items of the full-text theme, and there is a special thesaurus. (5) Introduction. Come back to explain the purpose and scope of the research work, the preliminary work and knowledge layout in related fields, theoretical basis and analysis, research ideas and introduction. Expected results and significance. (6) body (7) conclusion: it refers to the final and overall conclusion of the full text, rather than a simple repetition of the summary of each paragraph in the text. It requires accuracy, completeness, clarity and conciseness. (8) Acknowledgement: Express gratitude to those who helped to write the paper, and ask for sincere attitude and concise words. (9) Bibliography (Notes) is quoted directly in the text. Press, year of publication, starting and ending page numbers) Continuous publications shall indicate the publication name, date of publication, number of issues and starting and ending page numbers in turn. ⑽ Appendix: indicate the text and figures attached to the text.
If it is a topic or a small topic, it can be analyzed by quoting classics. In addition, discussion is adopted as a means. The paper format refers to the stylistic requirements and writing standards when writing a paper. Intuitively speaking, the paper format means that the paper meets the standard style and content requirements that can be made public. Historical prose should hit the nail on the head, analyze the cause and effect of the problem, and combine the historical situation. I hope to adopt.