This is caused by many reasons, and every reform in ancient and modern China and foreign countries has not been smooth sailing. Reform is nothing but a contest between reformists and conservatives. Whoever is good has a great chance of winning. As a self-help movement of feudal landlords, the failure of Westernization Movement is inevitable. Looking at the Reform Movement of 1898 again, the Reform Movement of 1898 violated the interests of the Cixi faction, and the real power was in the hands of the die-hards. Of course it ended in failure. Of course, there are many modern reforms in China, so I won't list them one by one. Look at the Meiji Restoration in Japan. Some celebrities, warriors, businessmen and grassroots people all joined forces to fight against the Tokugawa shogunate. The power of the clique gradually grew and eventually overthrew the Tokugawa era. The reformists mastered the real power, provided a strong political foundation for the Meiji Restoration, and finally successfully implemented the reform.