Mr. Dai Anbang, a famous chemist in China, once said: "Chemical experiment teaching is the most effective form to implement comprehensive chemistry education." Therefore, in experimental teaching, we should actively advocate independent and cooperative learning methods, and let students actively participate and explore, so as to find ways and methods to cultivate students' independent inquiry ability and comprehensively improve students' scientific literacy. How can we cultivate students' independent inquiry ability in chemical experiments? The author tries to discuss from the following points and is willing to discuss with colleagues.

Second, create problem situations to induce students to explore motivation

"Learning begins with thinking, and thinking begins with doubt." Chemistry as a scientific discipline, introducing problem-based situational teaching method into the classroom can visualize abstract knowledge and play a very important role in improving students' learning efficiency. Therefore, we should make full use of the activities and inquiry in the teaching materials, so that the chemistry laboratory can truly become a space for students to explore the mysteries of chemistry. For example, a dry round-bottomed flask is full of ammonia, which forms a red fountain after being squeezed into water. Because the external atmospheric pressure has not changed, some ammonia is dissolved by the water squeezed into the round-bottomed flask in advance, thus reducing the pressure inside the round-bottomed flask, forming a pressure difference between inside and outside, forcing the water in the beaker to enter the flask, dissolving the ammonia inside and forming a fountain. The solution turns red, indicating that ammonia and aquatic products become alkaline substances, which makes phenolphthalein turn red. Only by demonstrating experiments and guiding students to pay attention to comprehensive observation can we clearly perceive chemical phenomena and further understand and master chemical knowledge. At the same time, the creation of problem situations must be based on students' existing knowledge and experience. Therefore, it is necessary to combine the actual situation of students, deeply analyze and excavate the knowledge of ability value and emotional value contained in the teaching materials, take these knowledge as situational materials, create problem situations, and stimulate students' interest in inquiry. In short, the purpose of creating problem-based teaching is to stimulate students' initiative, cooperation and inquiry learning, truly realize the interaction between teachers and students in the teaching process, and achieve the purpose of "learning from each other".

Third, strengthen the guidance of learning methods and cultivate students' autonomous learning ability.

Mr. Ye Shengtao, an educator, once said: "A good teacher is not teaching, not teaching students, but teaching students to learn." Autonomous learning is an active way of learning, and it is also the basic feature of the new chemistry curriculum reform in senior high school. In high school chemistry experiment teaching, we should actively advocate autonomous learning, take inquiry learning as the core, let students experience and practice themselves, and try to solve new problems with what they have learned, which is conducive to shaping students' independent personality, forming students' good autonomous learning ability and laying a solid foundation for students' lifelong learning. For example, when students do the crude salt purification experiment, because the instrument is not clean, the liquid level in the funnel is higher than the edge of the filter paper, which can not achieve the ideal experimental effect. It is necessary to guide students to analyze the reasons in time, find out the mistakes in operation, and then re-operate to ensure that the experimental phenomenon is obvious and the effect is good. After students begin to operate and master certain basic experimental skills, they keep practicing, and practice makes perfect over time. At the same time, we should educate students to learn to read, and suggest students to develop the good habit of reading textbooks before class. Only by reading can we understand the difficulties, key points and doubts in the new curriculum knowledge, and find new problems in combination with our own reality, so as to better participate in teaching activities and experience the satisfaction brought by successful participation. In a word, it is a long-term and arduous task to improve students' autonomous learning ability, which requires us to pursue, explore, practice and summarize unremittingly, so that each student's own quality can be comprehensively, actively and harmoniously developed and become a useful talent for the country and society in the future.

Fourth, carry out extracurricular chemistry experiments to cultivate students' innovative spirit.

The new curriculum standard of chemistry in senior high school points out: "Understand the nature of common substances in daily life, explore common chemical phenomena in life, understand the positive role of chemistry in improving the quality of life and protecting the environment, form the consciousness of rational use of chemical substances, and use chemical knowledge to solve related problems." Chemistry extracurricular activities are the world where students can give full play to their talents and the extension and supplement of classroom teaching. We should overcome all kinds of difficulties, make use of existing conditions, try our best to carry out extracurricular activities, let inquiry into life, broaden students' horizons and increase their knowledge, which is more conducive to cultivating students' practical ability and innovative spirit. For example, organize students to collect rainwater samples, determine their pH value to determine whether acid rain has occurred, consult local environmental protection materials, find out whether acid rain has occurred, the frequency of acid rain, and explore possible reasons. Let students apply what they have learned, gain skills and even innovate in practice. In a word, carrying out extracurricular chemical experiment activities meets the requirements of the new curriculum teaching concept, which can broaden students' knowledge, stimulate students' learning motivation and cultivate students' innovative spirit.

Fifth, establish a multi-evaluation system conducive to students' development.

"Establishing multiple evaluation system, promoting students' all-round development and improving students' comprehensive scientific literacy" has become one of the important goals of basic education curriculum reform. Evaluation is an important part of teaching, which can effectively check and promote teaching and learning. Therefore, in experimental teaching, we should pay attention to the diversification of evaluation, not simplification, and learn to pay attention to students from the aspects of their experience and participation in the experimental process, their awareness of active inquiry, their knowledge of chemistry, and their acquisition of experimental skills and methods. From the evaluation, we can understand the students' mastery of relevant chemical theories, knowledge and skills, and also find out the students' thinking methods, experimental skills, cooperation consciousness and so on. At the same time, teachers and students participate in the evaluation together, which increases the trust between teachers and students, embodies the spirit of democracy and equality in the new curriculum, and can arouse classroom sparks. In a word, teaching evaluation is an important link in the teaching process. We should use and give full play to the role and function of evaluation, so that evaluation is really conducive to the growth of students and the development of teachers, so that evaluation and all aspects of education and teaching complement each other.

Experimental teaching is an important form of high school chemistry teaching and an important method for students to carry out inquiry learning. We should change our teaching concept in time, attach importance to scientific experiment teaching, innovate teaching methods and develop.