-Comparative analysis of urban only-child families and non-only-child families

Abstract: The survey results of urban teenagers and their parents show that only children and non-only children are influenced by their parents' families in their family concept.

The difference in the influence degree of role division is obviously related to the traditional degree of gender role division between the two families; Parents' attitude towards their children.

The influence of parents is greater than that of non-only children, and the influence of father's attitude is greater than that of mother. These two types of families tend to be equal in family power.

Yes, as far as family obligations are concerned, the traditional division of gender roles is basically maintained, while two types of teenagers are irresponsible for their parents' family obligations.

Equality is not so important.

Keywords: only child; Division of family roles; sex role

Family is the most important factor in the process of individual socialization, and it is also a unique socialization place. Because family is the most important relationship between people.

Close social groups, so children identify their families as reference groups and turn family norms into their own parts. Baby

In the process of children's socialization, not only some members of the family provide children with behavior patterns, but also the interaction paradigm among members can become themselves.

A pattern. Family role is the role that teenagers will play in the future. However, before playing, teenagers have formed a sense of self about the division of family roles between the sexes.

Our own code of conduct has made subjective preparations for future role-playing. The role of family is the most important, convenient and frequent learning place.

It is the family, and the division of parents' family roles is the most direct reference template for teenagers.

The urban families in contemporary China are mainly one-child families. Only-child families are not only different from non-only-child families in family size

Different, but also in the family structure, family functions, family relations, family concepts and other aspects, but also different from the characteristics of non-only child families. So, two kinds of green

Do teenagers have different family concepts influenced by their parents' division of family roles?

The data source of this paper is a sample survey of adolescents in Zhengzhou and Kaifeng in March 2006. Polling is performed by multistage random sampling.

Sampling method, two cities, first randomly select a district, then randomly select a junior high school and a senior high school from the ordinary middle schools in these two districts, and then draw lots.

The middle school randomly chooses four classes in Grade Two and Grade Two. The students and their parents in the drawn class constitute two survey samples, and the middle school student sample is the same as the middle school student sample.

Parents of students have a strict one-to-one correspondence. A total of 805 questionnaires were distributed in this survey, of which 6 19 were valid, and the effective recovery rate was 77%. Among them, the only child

66.4%, non-only children accounted for 33.6%; 47.0% are boys, 53. 0% are girls. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the division of internal and external affairs of gender family, gender family affairs

This paper discusses the influence of parents' division of family roles on children's family concept from three aspects: the distribution of decision-making power and the division of housework between men and women.

First, the division of internal and external affairs of gender family.

Who is in charge, who is in charge, and who is the parents who earn more money and are more successful in their careers, all exert a subtle influence on children's attitudes towards both sexes.

Views on the division of family roles. This study divides the roles inside and outside the family into "who cares about the outside and who cares about the inside", "who makes more money" and "who is husband and wife"

More achievements in career "(1) Teenagers' views on the division of roles between the sexes and the relevant statistical results of the division of roles between parents and families are shown in.

Table 1.

From the table 1, it can be seen that the concept of only child has only a weak correlation with the actual division of labor between parents in internal and external affairs, while

The correlation between the two is closely related to the gender factor of the only child, that is, the boy's point of view is only weakly related to his parents' behavior. Not alone.

Children's views on the division of internal and external affairs have nothing to do with the actual division of labor between parents.

Then, for the division of roles between the sexes in their own families, will the satisfaction of parents have a certain impact on their children?

Compare and control the correlation between teenagers' views on the division of family roles between men and women and the division of family roles between parents before and after "fathers are satisfied with the division of family roles"

The coefficient shows that the weak correlation between the boy's family concept and his parents' behavior in the only child is influenced by his father's satisfaction with the division of family roles, while his parents

The exemplary role of family role division for girls is also closely related to the father's satisfaction with this division of labor. In other words, among the only children,

In a female family, the exemplary role of parents in dividing family roles for their children is regulated by the father's satisfaction with the division of roles between husband and wife in his own family. identical

It can be found that the exemplary role of parents in the one-child family is also influenced by the mother's satisfaction with the role division of husband and wife in her own family.

Have a certain influence, but not as good as my father's influence. At the same time, we also find that whether we control or not control the division of family roles between father and mother.

There is no correlation between satisfaction, non-only children's views on the division of roles between men and women and parents' actual behavior. It can be seen that it is not the only child's home.

The concept of family is rarely influenced by parents' behavior.

The above situation may be related to the division of parents' roles in two types of families. The statistical results of variance analysis show that in husband and wife's home

From the perspective of role division, the average value of the only-child family is 1. 10, and the average value of the non-only-child family is 1.49, and the F value is 8.826, with a significance of 0.003. from

It can be seen that in the division of roles between men and women, non-only-child families are more traditional than only-child families, that is, they are more inclined to have their husbands in charge and their husbands as wives.

A son earns more money than his wife and is more successful in his career.

It may be because the division of labor between husband and wife in the one-child family is more equal, that is, the father's advantage in the family is compared with the traditional gender role division model

The father's attitude towards the decline of his own advantages greatly affects his children's acceptance of the division of roles between parents. Where's mother

Compared with the traditional model, the advantages in the family have been greatly improved, and its satisfaction has relatively little impact on children. Parents of non-only-child families

The traditional role division may be an important reason for the low acceptance of the role division of parents by non-only children, which also shows that it is not.

The family concept of the only child may be more influenced by factors outside the family.

Second, the distribution of decision-making power between men and women in family affairs.

If the division of labor between husband and wife in the internal and external affairs of the family more embodies the overall significance of the division of roles between husband and wife in the sense of "the man is the master and the woman is the master", then

The decision-making power of family affairs and the division of housework to be analyzed later reflect the role model of both sexes in the family. Embodiment of family decision-making

The purpose is power, but the nature of power reflected in the decision-making of different affairs is also different. Western scholar Shaphilias Rothschild put forward the right to marriage.

Our research should distinguish who makes important and unimportant decisions, who occasionally makes decisions and who often makes decisions, and the intersection of these aspects. "Just made.

What is important is that the power to decide occasionally does not infringe on their time, but it can determine the lifestyle of the family and the main characteristics and characteristics of their family. "

Power is a command. The spouse with "command" is in a favorable position and can kill time without deciding trivial matters. And make

Those habitual and unimportant decisions are called "execution" because the people who make such decisions are actually implementing the previous decisions. tool

The spouse with "command power" sets a boundary within which the spouse with "execution power" can exercise the right of disposal. (1) In the traditional home corner

In the color mode, the husband generally has "command power", while the wife has "execution power".

In this paper, "major family decision-making power" and "major family decision-making power" can be regarded as "command power" and "daily family decision-making power"

It can be regarded as "execution". See Table 2 for the statistical results of teenagers' views on the decision-making power of family affairs and the division of parental roles.

In the distribution of decision-making power in family affairs between men and women, there is a weak correlation between the concept of only child and parents' behavior in major family affairs, while

The correlation between boys and girls and their parents is similar, but the concept of not being an only child has no correlation with their parents' behavior.

There is a weak correlation between the concept of only child and parents' behavior, while there is a correlation between girls and parents.

The degree is higher than that between boys and parents. The situation of non-only-child families is similar to that of only-child families, that is, there is also a weak correlation between non-only children and their parents.

However, the correlation between non-only children of different sexes and their parents is obviously different, that is, only girls are related to their parents, and boys' thoughts are related to their parents.

There is no correlation between the behavior of.

In the decision-making of family daily affairs, whether it is an only child or a non-only child, whether it is a boy or a girl, their ideas have nothing to do with their parents' behavior.

Relationship.

So is the exemplary role of parents in the distribution of decision-making power in family affairs also affected by parents' satisfaction with the division of family roles?

After controlling the "father's satisfaction with the division of family roles", it is found that the only child's view on the decision-making power of major family affairs of both sexes is related to his parents' behavior.

The correlation coefficient has changed obviously, indicating that the correlation between the only child (including boys and girls) and his parents has changed from weak correlation to no correlation.

It can be seen that the only child (including boys and girls) is greatly influenced by his father's attitude towards the division of decision-making power in major family affairs. And control

After the "mother's satisfaction with the division of family roles", there is no correlation coefficient between the only child's view on the decision-making power of major family affairs and his parents' behavior.

The obvious changes show that the only child is little influenced by his mother's attitude in accepting the division of labor mode of his parents' decision-making power on major family affairs. However, it is not the only child.

Children have no correlation with parents' behavior before and after controlling their parents' satisfaction with the division of family roles.

To compare the only child's view on the decision-making power of major family affairs between men and women with the behavior of parents before and after controlling "father's satisfaction with family role division"

The relationship number shows that the obvious change is the correlation between girls' views and their parents' behavior, which shows that the correlation degree is enhanced. Non-only children are also women.

The correlation between children and parents has changed obviously, but it has changed from significant to insignificant. But in controlling "mother's satisfaction with the division of family roles"

Later, it was found that there was no obvious change in the correlation between the views of only children and non-only children and parents' behavior. Visible, whether in the one-child family also.

In non-only-child families, parents' exemplary role in the distribution of decision-making power in important family affairs is satisfied with their father's division of family roles.

Have a great influence.

Compared with the control of "father is satisfied with the division of family roles", teenagers' views on the decision-making power of daily family affairs of both sexes are related to their parents' behavior.

The coefficient shows that the correlation between the only child and the non-only child and their parents has not changed. After controlling the "mother's satisfaction with the division of family roles", I found the same

It looks like this. It can be seen that only children and non-only children are not affected by the attitude of their fathers or mothers.

Pro-attitude

In only-child and non-only-child families, why do girls have different views on the decision-making power of both sexes in important family affairs and important affairs from their parents?

Behaviors are highly correlated, and girls are greatly influenced by their parents' attitudes? And parents have a very exemplary role in the decision-making power of family daily affairs.

Small, and this demonstration effect is less affected by parents' attitudes? First of all, let's look at the actual distribution of decision-making power in family affairs between the two types of families.

Reason.

As can be seen from Table 3, in the decision-making of major family affairs, although both types of families are close to equal rights between husband and wife, the power of the non-only child father is obvious.

Bigger than an only-child father. There is no obvious difference between the two families in the distribution of decision-making power in important family affairs and daily affairs. For the former, both tend to be husband and wife.

For the latter, equal rights are mostly made by mothers. That is to say, in terms of "command", although both types of families show that the father has more power, but

Compared with traditional gender roles, parents' advantages have been greatly reduced, especially in one-child families, so boys (only children) are accepting their parents' family rights.

Father's attitude is very important in the division of labor, while girls pay more attention to gender equality than boys, so they pay more attention to their parents' "command" in the family.

The distribution acceptance is higher. However, because parents are not completely equal in "command", especially in non-only-child families, they are only in the middle.

Therefore, compared with modern times, the attitudes of fathers and mothers have a great influence on children (especially girls). As far as "execution" is concerned, both types of families show

Strong traditional color, so the two types of teenagers have a low degree of acceptance of their parents' behavior, but in the one-child family where husband and wife are more equal, the father

For boys, it is more important to accept their parents' division of labor in "execution".

Third, the division of housework between the sexes.

In a family, the amount of obligations undertaken by both husband and wife also reflects the status of both parties in the family to a great extent. Parents' views on housework

On the one hand, it provides children with a gender family role model, which has a great influence on their family concept.

As can be seen from Table 4, in the division of housework between men and women, there is a significant relationship between the concept of the only child and the behavior of parents in the daily division of housework.

Through this, the only child of different sexes has the same degree of correlation with parents, but the concept of non-only child has no correlation with parents' behavior. know

Technical and physical housework division, the concept of only child is significantly related to parents' behavior, but from the gender point of view, only boys live with their parents.

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In the related relationship. There is a moderate correlation between non-only children and their parents, which is manifested in non-only children of different sexes and their parents.

Between. There is no correlation between the concept of only child and parents' behavior in taking care of family members' housework, although non-only children are related to the whole.

There is no correlation between parents, but if we look at it by gender, we find that there is a significant correlation between girls' thoughts and parents' behaviors.

After controlling the "father's satisfaction with the division of family roles", we found the only child's views on the division of daily housework and the division of housework to take care of family members.

There is no obvious change in the correlation with parents' behavior, but the views of boys and girls in the only child are different from those of their parents in knowledge and technology, physical housework and so on.

The correlation of behavior has changed greatly, which shows that the father's attitude has a significant impact on the traditional division of labor in which the only child accepts male housework.

The ring. Similarly, we can find the views of boys who are not only children on the division of daily housework between the two sexes, and the views of boys and girls on knowledge, technology and physical housework.

The correlation coefficient between workers' views and parents' behaviors has changed significantly, which shows that non-only children are accepting their parents' knowledge, skills and physical housework.

The division of labor and the boy's attitude towards the division of daily housework by his parents are obviously influenced by his father's attitude, and he accepts the care of his parents for family members.

Non-only children are not affected by their father's attitude.

After controlling the "mother's satisfaction with the division of family roles", it is found that only boys in the only child have the same view on the division of daily housework as their parents.

The correlation of behavior has changed, and the correlation coefficient between the views of non-only children on knowledge technology and physical housework and their parents' behavior is compared.

Great changes have taken place. It can be seen that only boys among the only children are influenced by their mothers, not just children, in accepting their parents' daily housework.

(including boys and girls) are greatly influenced by their mother's attitude in accepting their parents' traditional division of housework.

The above results show that in the one-child family, the division of labor between parents in daily housework and knowledge, technology and physical housework is related to their children's views.

The degree of correlation is higher than taking care of family chores. The relationship between the one-child concept and the first two kinds of housework behavior of parents is influenced by parents' family.

The satisfaction of role division has a great influence, and boys are greatly influenced by their mothers' attitude. In non-only-child families, parents are responsible for the housework of family members.

The division of labor in knowledge, technology and physical housework is more related to children's point of view than that in daily housework, while the division of labor in parents' housework

The role model for children is more influenced by the father's attitude than the mother's attitude, and boys are more influenced by their parents' attitude than girls.

The above results show that the difference may be related to the division of housework between parents in one-child families and non-one-child families.

From the results shown in Table 5, the two types of families still follow the traditional gender division of housework to a great extent, namely daily housework and family care.

In the division of housework, the mother is mostly responsible, and the father is the main one in knowledge, technology and physical housework. But in the daily division of housework,

Non-only-child families are more traditional than only-child families.

In the one-child family, compared with the traditional gender division of labor, mothers have more rights and more obligations.

There is no significant reduction. For teenagers who have accepted more ideas of equality between men and women, can they accept their parents' traditional division of housework?

Attitude is more important, especially for fathers who take on more male housework and mothers who take on more female housework.

Mother's attitude towards the latter is particularly important. On the other hand, boys are more sensitive to their parents' attitudes, which may be because they touch the traditional gender family role.

In the division of labor, especially housework, men get the most disadvantages, while men get less support from society than women, so boys participate more.

Test parents' attitude. In addition, compared with daily housework and knowledge-based, technical and physical housework, the one-child family is middle-aged in taking care of family members' housework.

Parents bear more, but the only child does not agree with the division of labor of parents and is not affected by their parents' attitudes, which may be because the only child has been

Instilled the idea that all children should bear the responsibility of supporting their parents.

The gender role division of non-only-child families is more traditional, that is, the father has more power and less obligations (mainly daily housework), so

Children rarely agree with their parents' daily housework division, but the attitude of boys is related to that of their fathers. For knowledge, technology and physical strength,

However, because the mothers of non-only-child families are generally less educated, both boys and girls agree that fathers should undertake this kind of housework.

Four. conclusion

From the above analysis, it can be seen that only children and non-only children are influenced by the division of parents' family roles, and there are obvious differences in family concepts.

Different, but there are many similarities. From the comparison of the two, we find that the following issues deserve special attention:

First of all, compared with non-only children, only children are more influenced by their parents' division of family roles in family concept, but only children and non-only children

Where there are differences, there are also obvious differences in the division of gender roles between the two families. In other words, only children have more fatherly love than non-only children.

The more influential aspect of mothers is that the role division of non-only-child parents is more traditional than that of only-child parents. Therefore, it can be said that in two types of families,

The influence of parents' role division on children's family concept is related to the extent to which their division conforms to the traditional gender role model. Two types of family gender roles

Different division of labor leads to different influences on children, or children's acceptance of the division of roles between parents is different.

Although there are differences between the two types of teenagers affected by the division of parents and family roles, we can find similarities between them, that is, their views.

The consistency between thought and parents' behavior is obviously related to the deviation of parents' behavior from tradition, and it can be considered that only children and non-only children.

The trend of family concept is the same, that is, everyone tends to accept the equal division of family roles between men and women, but there are more only children than non-only children.

Family is supported by life experience.

Secondly, the only child is more influenced by the parents' attitude than the non-only child in the division of accepting parents' family roles, which can be seen in the only child family.

Parents have a greater influence on their children 2. At the same time, we can find that both types of teenagers are greatly influenced by their father's attitude. This may be because it is promoting men.

In the social atmosphere of women's equality, changing the traditional division of gender roles in the family touches the interests of men, and women as beneficiaries rarely disagree, because

The attitude of men is extremely important, which shows that society accepts breaking the traditional division of labor, so teenagers pay more attention to the division of family roles by their fathers.

Degree of satisfaction.

In addition, the survey results show that it may be because the education level and professional status of non-only-child parents are generally lower than those of only-child parents.

The division of gender roles in families is more traditional than that in one-child families, but there are obvious similarities between the two types of families, that is, they are more inclined to "the husband is the master outside and the wife is the master inside".

"Home-based" is biased towards equal rights of husband and wife in family affairs decision-making and traditional mode in housework division. That is, using the traditional family role division model.

In contrast, the increase of women's family power is greater than the decrease of family obligations, and the two types of teenagers have different views on the distribution of family power between the sexes from their parents.

There is a weak correlation between parents' behavior and their views on the division of housework, which reflects the widespread existence of the gender equality movement in China.

There is a problem. That is, in the process of advocating equality between men and women, we emphasize the improvement of women's status, which is mainly used by men who love women.

Measured by sexual intimacy, it emphasizes the increase of women's rights, and the participants in women's liberation are mainly women. In this process, men are ignored.

It plays an important role in gender equality, but ignores the reduction of women's obligations. Because there is no real equality between men and women in the family, or equal rights between husband and wife.

Only men delegate power to women, but men should also share the obligations that traditionally belong to women. This is not only ignored by the current generation of parents, but also not

Some are valued by the younger generation. It can be seen that there is still a long way to go to achieve gender equality in the division of family roles.

Take the exam and contribute.

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