The vast ocean is known as the cradle of life and the treasure house of resources. As the main body of the earth's hydrosphere, the ocean has a great and far-reaching impact on the global geographical environment. With the continuous expansion of human living space and activities to the ocean, the ocean will become more and more important for human survival and development. China's social and economic development will also depend more and more on the sea.

Surface types mainly include the following:

1, rock surface

Such as stony deserts and Gobi.

2. Sandy surface

Such as deserts and beaches.

3. Mud structure table

Such as mud desert

4. Soil surface layer

Such as forest surface and grassland surface

5. Water subsoil surface

Such as lake bottom soil, river bottom soil and seabed soil.