It is a brief statement of the content of a paper, without comments and comments, and its function is to obtain necessary information without reading the full text of the paper. The content of the paper should contain the same amount of main information as the paper, so that readers can determine whether it is necessary to read the full text, and it can also be used for secondary documents such as abstracts.

(1) Contents:

1, the purpose and importance of this study;

2. The main contents of the study and what work has been done;

3. The basic conclusions and research results highlight the novelty of the paper;

4, the significance of the conclusion or result.

(2) Problems needing attention

1. The text must be concise and the content should be comprehensively summarized; (About 200 words)

2. Don't quote examples, don't talk about the research process, don't use charts and formulas, and don't make self-evaluation.

3. The subject of the first sentence in the abstract, such as "this article-"and "author-",can be omitted.

Second, key words

A new vocabulary of information retrieval language, which is used to describe the subject of literature and carry out information retrieval, mainly meets the needs of computer retrieval and international computer online retrieval.

Words that can express the main content of the paper, or words with high frequency and relatively key meaning, can be selected from the title of the paper or from the content of the paper.

Generally, 3 ~ 5 words should be selected as keywords for each paper. Keywords are separated by commas, and the last word is not punctuated. Ranked under the abstract of the same language, the text is prominent. If possible, try to use the standardized words provided by China Thesaurus and other glossaries.

Problems needing attention:

More stereotyped nouns are words and phrases, prototypes rather than abbreviations;

Words with no retrieval value cannot be used as keywords, such as "technology", "application", "observation" and "investigation".

Chemical molecular formula cannot be used as a key word;

Abbreviations that are not commonly used or appear in papers, and abbreviations that are not recognized by professionals cannot be used as keywords;

The conventional technology mentioned in this paper is familiar to everyone and cannot be used as a key word without discussion and improvement.

Generally, each paper has 3 ~ 5 keywords for indexing.

Three. introduce

The introduction belongs to the introduction part of the whole paper. what are you going to do？ What did you do? Why are you doing this? ) 。 The introduction often plays the role of making the finishing point. For a paper, if you write an introduction, it will attract readers, make them interested in your topic and want to know more about your work.

(A) writing content

Including: research reason, purpose, background, gap between predecessors' work and knowledge, theoretical and experimental basis, expected results and its position, role and significance in related fields.

(b) Introduction requirements

The text and wording of the introduction should be refined to attract readers to continue reading. There is no rigid and uniform regulation on the length of the introduction, which needs to be determined according to the length of the whole paper and the needs of the content of the paper, and the length can reach 300~600 words.

(2) Precautions in the introduction

Don't introduce people's familiar general professional knowledge or materials in textbooks;

Don't derive basic formulas;

Don't comment on the paper and exaggerate its significance;

Avoid boasting:

"Fill a gap", "What advanced level has been reached" and "The predecessors came from

Not studied "and so on. ;

Avoid using pleasantries:

"I'm too ignorant to learn, and I'm sorry for my mistakes. Please give me your advice" and "There are still many mistakes"

Put forward valuable opinions "and so on. ;

Avoid advertising language.

Third, the text.

The text is the main body and core part of the paper, occupying the largest length of the paper. The creative achievements or new research achievements embodied in this paper will be fully reflected in this part. Therefore, this part requires substantial content, reasonable structure, sufficient and reliable arguments, strong arguments and clear themes. In order to meet this series of requirements, but also to achieve a clear level, focused, clear context, concise and smooth text purposes. The text is usually divided into several large paragraphs. These paragraphs are called logical segments, and a logical segment can contain several natural segments. Each logical paragraph can have an appropriate title (subtitle or subtitle).

(1) The contents of the text of the paper should include the following aspects:

1. Overall scheme design and type selection demonstration of this research content;

2. Design and calculation of all parts of this study (including hardware and software);

3. The content of this study is the feasibility and effectiveness of the design of the test scheme and the processing and analysis of the test data;

4. Theoretical analysis of this study;

5. The contents and achievements of this study should be comprehensively and objectively expounded theoretically;

6. Attention should be paid to the innovation, improvement and practical application of this study.

(B) the writing of the text of the paper

Including arguments, arguments and argumentation process.

Question-argument;

Analyze problems-arguments and arguments;

Solve problems-demonstrate methods and steps.

These include:

1, the viewpoint should be innovative and original.

The success, quality and value of graduation thesis largely depend on whether the article is innovative or not. The so-called novelty is to express your new ideas, new ideas and new ideas in the paper. You can't simply repeat the views of your predecessors, you should have your own opinions. With a novel point of view (that is, it can enlighten people in a certain aspect or point), the article has the value of soul and existence. For the novelty of the article, we can focus on the following aspects:

First, the viewpoints, topics, materials and argumentation methods are all new. This kind of paper is well written, with high value and great social influence, but it is difficult to write. To choose this kind of topic, the author must have in-depth research on some issues, a solid theoretical foundation and writing experience. For graduation thesis, limited by conditions, we should be very careful in choosing such topics.

Second, demonstrate old topics with new materials, so as to put forward new or local new ideas and new views.

Third, redo the existing topics with new angles or new research methods, so as to get all or part of new ideas. Such an article is also innovative.

Fourth, questioning the existing viewpoints, materials and research methods can inspire people to rethink the problem, although they have not put forward their own new viewpoints.

The above four aspects are not a complete summary of "novelty", but as long as one of them can be achieved, we can think that the title of the article is novel.

This requires us to pay attention to collecting, accumulating and analyzing data. It is necessary to find out what others have written, what arguments they have, what are the focuses of disputes and differences, the current research progress and development trend of this issue at home and abroad, and so on. On the basis of in-depth research on the existing achievements, the collected materials are processed and sorted out, and the papers with their own opinions are written on the basis of the achievements recognized by others and the knowledge of predecessors and others.

2. The argument should be informative and conclusive.

It is not enough for an excellent graduation thesis to have a good theme and viewpoint, it must also be supported by sufficient and informative argumentation materials. Graduation thesis is different from general argumentative thesis, which is the remarkable feature of graduation thesis. In a general argumentative essay, the author only needs to analyze one or two arguments to prove a point, while the graduation thesis must take a lot of argumentation materials as the basis and pillar of his own point of view. Every time the author establishes an opinion, he should consider: what materials are used as the main evidence and what materials are used as circumstantial evidence; Whether you will have different opinions or negative opinions on your own views, and how to explain or refute the objections held by others. The opinions and opinions that the author is required to put forward in the graduation thesis are really his own, and in order to make his own opinions recognized by others, there must be a lot of sufficient and convincing reasons to prove his correctness.

The argument of graduation thesis should be sufficient and applied appropriately. It is impossible and unnecessary to quote all the research results, facts, incisive expositions, all the actual data, observation results and investigation results in a paper, but take what is necessary and discard what is dispensable. Arguments serve arguments. Simple material accumulation can not only prove arguments, but also effectively explain arguments. On the contrary, it gives people a feeling that the articles are protracted, chaotic and meaningless. Therefore, it is very important to choose the necessary arguments in the collected materials. Generally speaking, we should pay attention to the novelty, typicality and representativeness of the argument, and more importantly, we should consider whether it can effectively explain the point of view.

The materials and data cited in the graduation thesis must be correct and reliable, which can withstand scrutiny and verification, that is, the correctness of the argument. The specific requirement is that the cited materials must be confirmed repeatedly. First-hand materials should be fair, verified repeatedly, personal likes and dislikes and assumptions should be removed, and their objective truth should be retained. Second-hand data should be traced back to the source, find the exact source, and deeply understand its meaning, and cannot be taken out of context. Quoting other people's materials serves your own argument, not as an ornament to the chapter. When quoting other people's information, you need to make some efforts to screen and identify it, so as to be accurate. When writing your graduation thesis, you should quote your own practical data and survey results as evidence. If the content of the article is the result of the author's own personal practice, then the value of the article will increase many times. Of course, for college students with limited knowledge and few practical opportunities, it is inevitable to repeat the work of others in the first scientific research and quote more practical achievements and data of others in their graduation thesis. But if the content of the whole article is a combination of indirect things, and you get very little, it will completely lose the meaning of writing a graduation thesis.

3. The argument should be rigorous and logical.

Argumentation is the method and process of proving an argument with arguments. The argument should be rigorous and logical, so as to make the article convincing. The author should proceed from the overall situation of the article, put forward, analyze and solve problems according to the laws of objective things and the procedures of people's understanding of objective things, so that people's logical procedures and cognitive procedures can be unified and the whole article can form a logical whole. Locally speaking, the analysis of a problem and the explanation of a phenomenon should reflect a relatively complete process of concept, judgment and reasoning.

Fourth, conclusion.

The conclusion is a summary of the main achievements of this paper. In the conclusion, we should clearly point out the creative achievements or innovative theories (including new ideas and new viewpoints) of this research content, predict and evaluate its application prospect and social and economic value, and point out the prospects and ideas for further research work in this research direction in the future.

It should be accurate, complete, clear and concise.

(a) the writing content of this part should generally include the following aspects:

1. What does the research result of this paper show?

2. What amendments, supplements, developments, confirmations or denials have been made to the previous viewpoints?

3. The shortcomings or unsolved problems of this paper, and the possible key points and directions to solve these problems.

(2) The writing requirements of the conclusion part are:

The wording is rigorous, the logic is rigorous, and the text is concrete. Like legal provisions, it is usually listed as 1, 2, 3 ... The wording is tentative and can only be interpreted in one way, and it cannot be ambiguous or ambiguous. Don't exaggerate the text, there is room for attention to the content that is not completely determined.