How can I do well in the exam? According to the usual forms of composition topics, they can generally be divided into two categories: propositional composition and material composition. The examination of proposition composition is to examine the specific requirements of a given article to determine the topic, the intention of the topic, the requirements beyond the topic, and the "eye of the topic".
Through the examination of the questions, the content range, time range, quantity range, character range and place range of the composition are defined. Can't exceed the given range.
The examination of material composition should be grasped from two aspects: one is inseparable from the ideological content of materials, and the other is closely related to the requirements of composition form. 1. Propositional composition First of all, focus on the topic of propositional composition and what should be paid attention to.
Determine the topics within the content range and make provisions on the writing content. Therefore, when reviewing the topic, we should determine the content scope of the topic: remember who people should remember; Narration, what to say; What scenery people should write about; Things, things to like, and so on.
Second, the idea is to determine the theme of the article and clarify the central idea to be reflected in the article. The idea of the article is to have a foundation for refining life and try to reflect some fundamental things in life.
In order to achieve this goal, we must strive to be correct, centralized, novel and profound. 1. Correct conception is the basic requirement of composition.
Students often hear that XXX's articles are thoughtful, which mainly depends on the depth of the author's creative thinking. Generally speaking, students' writing should be positive and healthy, and strive to reflect the essential content of life, which has certain social universality.
In other words, the theme of the article should be recognized or actively advocated by everyone. Third, the topic of the article is to determine good things before writing a composition, just as students must "make up their minds" before starting to do something.
The title of the article can reflect the starting point and motivation of writing. Through the title of the article, readers can basically understand the theme and main content of the article.
The proposed topic of the article should be highly concise, accurate and vivid, so as to attract people's attention and interest. According to the needs of expressing content, the topics to be selected in the article can be roughly divided into the following categories.
When writing, everyone can use it flexibly according to the actual situation. Fourth, material selection is material selection.
No matter what article you write, it is very necessary to choose the materials you need. Just like building a house, we should fully consider what wood, stone, cement, brick and so on to use in advance.
At the same time, we should carefully calculate the amount of various materials, without which we can't build a house; It's no use wasting too much. In addition, the selected materials should be appropriate, which is helpful to show the structural function and image effect of the house.
If you use materials at will, you will eventually build a black house like a train skin. Although strong, no one will like it. In the same way, the purpose of carefully selecting materials before writing is to explain the problem and make it vivid and attractive.
Therefore, before writing, in the face of many available materials, we should make appropriate choices, leave vivid and representative ones, and get rid of general ones; Through the effective combination of important and vivid materials, the purpose of the composition is realized, that is, the theme is deeply expressed by "economic" means. The choice of composition materials should focus on the following five aspects: 1. Choosing familiar materials, the author knows it very well and has deep feelings.
Only when the materials are familiar can you make full use of them, be familiar with them and make you handy. If the situation is unfamiliar and the substance is unclear, how can I tell others? This kind of material, even if used stiffly in your article, will not receive good results, and it will appear mechanical and incoherent later.
This problem is easy to understand, and of course everyone doesn't want to do that. First, the composition should learn to accumulate "reading thousands of books, writing like a god" and "a clever woman can't cook without rice". These ancient summaries illustrate the importance of "accumulation" in writing from both positive and negative aspects.
"Usually rely on accumulation, the examination room depends on play", which is the same experience of the students in the examination room. (A) language to establish a "vocabulary".
Vocabulary is the cell of an article. Vocabulary in a broad sense refers not only to the collection of words and phrases, but also to sentences and sentence groups.
There are two ways to establish "vocabulary": the first is reading. Usually, you should read books, newspapers and periodicals extensively, take reading notes, extract some beautiful words, sentences and paragraphs from a specific notebook, or make reading cards.
The second is life. At ordinary times, we should capture the fresh language in the popular spoken language and write it down in a small notebook or card that we carry with us. Over time, we can say it chapter by chapter and write it beautifully.
(2) Strengthen the accumulation of materials. Materials are the flesh and blood of the article.
Because many students usually don't pay attention to accumulating materials, they are worried every time they write a composition, or edit or copy it. The solution to this problem is to accumulate materials.
Usually, you can take a video camera and tape recorder with you, observe life deeply, actively participate in life, and record your experiences in family life, campus life and social life in time in the form of sketching, keeping a diary and writing observation notes. When recording, we should grasp the details and the characteristics of people, things, things and scenery.
The article written in this way is flesh and blood. (3) We should strengthen ideological accumulation.
Opinion is the soul of an article. The center of the article is not clear, or the thought is not profound, which often shows that the author's thought is superficial.
Therefore, it is necessary to establish a "think tank". There are two ways: first, be thoughtful.
"One more miss, one more gain." Think deeply at ordinary times and ask "why", "what" and "how" when something happens.
So you can see the essence through the phenomenon. It is also necessary to record the "sparks" of thinking and the conclusions of thinking at any time.
The second is compilation, that is, extracting famous sayings and aphorisms. In short, the composition should be accumulated, and the three writing warehouses of vocabulary, material and thought should be regularly counted, sorted and classified to continuously enrich and expand.
Second, to write a good composition, first learn to observe Mr. Lu Xun's answers to literature.
2. How can we avoid making mistakes? This situation can be handled according to the specific situation! But I think even the best article with typos is a failure. Don't tolerate. Let him remember these mistakes and don't make mistakes next time! If the student's article is really good, those words are low-level typos, which should be written correctly but not correctly. You can deduct points as usual and let him correct them afterwards. Plagiarism can be punished appropriately! If something is easy for everyone to make mistakes, he should look it up in the dictionary and explain it to all the students. I remember when I was in primary school, my Chinese teacher spent 20 minutes explaining "Make persistent efforts" in class, because many people wrote it as a reward. The teacher has been talking about the origin of this idiom! After that, the effect was very good. Let the student try to read his composition aloud, and he will find it. But you should try to give all children such time and opportunities, encourage students to exchange compositions, correct mistakes, write comments, or write down their feelings and experiences at the back of other people's articles. After a long time, it not only solves the problem of typos, but also makes everyone's composition books rich and colorful.
3. What are the ways to write a composition? Generally, there are practical writing, argumentative writing, explanatory writing and narrative writing.
Examining questions is the first step in writing. It can be said that the composition is half successful when the questions are well examined. The examination of questions should start from the following aspects: first, the form of examination.
There are roughly the following topics: 1, propositional composition. Including all propositional texts and semi-propositional texts.
2. The meaning of the composition. Including written materials, picture materials, pictures and words.
The different forms of the above questions determine the scope, methods and requirements of the examination. Therefore, we can't ignore the examination of the topic, so as to avoid the inconsistency between the article and the topic, forming the so-called writing a thousand words and pulling Wan Li.
Second, review the writing content. Review the writing content, that is, what the topic requires us to write.
As far as narrative writing is concerned, it is necessary to understand whether the article requires remembering people or narrating; Is it a landscape or something? Writing about people means writing about one person, two people or a group of people; Narrative is about one thing, two things or several things; Write a scene, whether to write a still scene or a moving scene; Whether it is an animal or a plant, you should make it clear when reviewing the questions.
Third, review the writing points. Both of them describe the same thing, but the writing emphasis of the two titles is different: the writing emphasis of a meaningful thing is to highlight the "significance" of this thing and describe the "meaningful" place of this thing; The key point of writing an unforgettable interesting story is that the story is unforgettable because it is interesting, and the interesting places should be described to highlight its unforgettable.
So when you find the key point of the topic, you grasp the center of the article, the scope of material selection and the goal of material composition. Generally speaking, the focus of the title refers to the words that reveal the meaning, embody the center, point out the key points or express the sense of color. This keyword is also called "title eye".
Grasping the title is to grasp the writing focus of the article. The general rule is: 1, the topic is sentence, and the verb in the sentence is often "eye".
Such as: "My favorite person", the title is "Like". 2. The title is a phrase, and the word that plays a descriptive and decorative role in the phrase is the "title eye".
For example, "One Day in Summer Vacation" is titled "In Summer Vacation", which limits the large time range of events written. 3. The title is a word, and the word itself is a "title eye".
Fourth, there is a key content in the examination of the topic, which is to clarify the restrictions of the topic on writing. Many composition topics are limited in time, space, quantity, characters and content. , and specify the scope. Only in this way, the author can write strictly within the prescribed scope, so as not to stray from the topic, not to stray from the topic, "to do whatever he wants without exceeding the moment", and not to stray from the topic in a thousand words.
1, find out the time limit of the topic. Some composition topics have a certain time limit, so we should grasp this time limit when reviewing the topics. For example, the new year's day chronicle.
The topic selection time of this question is limited to 1 month 1 day, and the writing should be related to the specific background and meaning of a festival like "Chinese New Year". 2. Clarify the limitations of the title position. Some composition topics stipulate the scope of the place, and it is necessary to clarify the limitations of the place when examining the topic.
For example, on the topic of "On the way to school", the people, things, things and sights written are limited to what you see and hear on the way to school. Only by correctly grasping this place can the content written have a basis and foundation. 3. Define the number limit of some essay topics. Quantifiers appear in some composition topics, and the number limit needs to be clear when examining the topics.
Such as "remember one thing in my composition" and "remember two or three things in my composition". There are only quantitative differences in the writing requirements of the two topics: the first topic is to explain my process of learning composition by telling a complete story, and the second topic is to explain my process of learning composition by telling two or three stories or two or three fragments. If you are careless, it doesn't matter if you write one thing into two or three things or two or three things into one thing.
4. Clarify the limitations of people Some essay topics are designated by people, and it is necessary to clarify their limitations when reviewing the topics. For example, the topic "Teacher, I want to tell you" restricts the use of the first person in writing, so you need to write what you want to say to the teacher from the perspective of "I".
The topic "Lei Feng is by my side" can be written in the first person or in the third person. When writing, write in the first person. Another example is the topic "Grandma's Smile", which was paid attention to when examining the topic. The title itself limits the use of the third person in this writing, and the occasional use of "I" also appears as a foil. The person who runs through the whole article should be "grandma" or "her".
5. Find out the meaning. Some topics have symbolic or extended meanings.
Such as Road, Rain and Dew Moisten the Heart, Snow White, etc. When it comes to this topic, you can't just talk without practice. You should grasp the essential characteristics of things through literal concrete things to reveal the symbolic meaning contained in the topic, so that the theme of the article will have depth.
6. Clear additional restrictions Some topics have additional off-topic conditions, which are generally called "requirements". It is necessary to make clear the additional restrictions when examining the questions.
4. What if I can't write a composition? 1. Understand the requirements of the new curriculum standard. The "writing ability requirement" stipulated in the new curriculum standard can write narratives, simple expositions, argumentative essays and general practical essays, so that one's thoughts and feelings are true and healthy, the content is specific, the center is clear, the organization is clear, the words are fluent, no typos are written, punctuation marks are used correctly, the format is correct, and the words are standardized and neat.
Get into the habit of revising articles. In the actual examination, the important content of junior high school composition examination is mostly to write narrative, so it is particularly important to master narrative writing.
2. According to the requirements of the syllabus for writing, understand the grading standard of the composition. The grading standard of composition generally gives points from the following three aspects. The first is writing, which requires neat handwriting, correct punctuation and standardized writing format, all of which meet the requirements. This generally accounts for a quarter of the composition score, about 10. Secondly, the content.
The composition requirements are consistent with the meaning of the topic, clear in the center and specific in content. This part accounts for about one third of the total score of the composition, accounting for about 20 points.
The third is expression, which requires reasonable composition structure, appropriate details, fluent language, specific narration and appropriate description and discussion. This part accounts for about half of the total score of the composition, about 30 points.
As can be seen from the grading standards, the composition of the senior high school entrance examination requires higher requirements in three aspects: writing, center and language expression. Legal study guide 1. The best way to learn to establish a center is to learn to outline.
According to the requirements of the topic, think about what the composition should explain (that is, the center of the article), then consider choosing which materials to write, determine the details, and then arrange the structure. After writing this outline, review the topic again to see if your outline meets the requirements of the topic. If there are mistakes, they will sometimes be revised (it is too late to avoid revision after writing) to ensure that the article can interpret the topic and meet the meaning of the topic. 2. Learn to use description, discussion and other expressions appropriately.
In the composition, all the events and people that can highlight the center should be described in detail, such as the article "cooperation" The details should be how you accomplish something with others. Then, the process of how you cooperate must be described in detail, and the content irrelevant to the center can be written in a few simple sentences or even omitted. It is also necessary to discuss it properly in the narrative, which usually appears at the beginning and end.
Appropriate discussion at the end can make the finishing point and highlight the center. Attention should be paid to the following issues: the statement of the discussion must be based on events, aiming at the content of the narrative, or talking about its significance, or revealing its laws, or showing its attitude.
3. Several problems to pay attention to ① There should be a language knowledge base. Usually read more books, memorize articles and copy wonderful words. ② There should be language practice training. At ordinary times, we should strengthen the practice of writing fragments, such as imitating writing, continuing writing, rewriting abbreviations, and developing writing. ③ Combination of intensive reading and writing.
Good articles are not written, but changed; How to write your own exam-oriented composition through diligent writing +0? Writing according to the topic requirements of our usual writing is to practice writing and improve the level of writing expression. The purpose of exam-oriented composition is to develop writing level and accept selection.
In order to prevent "fiction", the topic of the exam-oriented composition must be different from that of the usual composition; In order to make the vast majority of candidates have something to say, its topic should not be too biased, and in order to judge the candidates' achievements fairly, it also has a set of detailed scoring standards. Therefore, we must work hard on the examination of the topic, clarify the requirements of the topic, and write in strict accordance with the requirements of the topic.
If you don't write according to the requirements of the topic, even if the writing level is higher, you won't get higher scores. Sometimes the topic of the exam-oriented composition is very similar to that of the usual composition, so it is impossible to copy the usual composition. You should also carefully conceive and write according to the requirements of the topic. 2. Write the beginning and the end. We usually learn various methods of beginning and ending in class. Of course, an exam-oriented composition is also acceptable.
But what the marking teacher likes best is the beginning of writing, because one of the most important scoring standards is to get to the point. The teacher's favorite ending is to wrap up the full text and point out the main idea, because structural integrity is also an important scoring standard.
3. To be clear, some students like to weigh the words when writing, which is of course good at ordinary times. However, the time for exam-oriented composition is limited, and the choice of words will bind yourself and hinder the development of ideas.
As soon as someone picks up a pen, they pick up the shelf of composition. It takes several turns to write a simple sentence. Such an article looks awkward, so it is better to write it in vernacular, whatever you want.
4. Pay attention to segmentation. Some students like to write three paragraphs, the first paragraph, the last paragraph and the middle paragraph. This kind of article looks unclear, because all the content is squeezed into the second paragraph.
You can divide the big section in the middle into several sections, so that the layers are clear. Write the first sentence of each paragraph well, just like a person's eyebrows. Write this sentence well, it is beautiful every time, and the whole paragraph looks very energetic.
What is the best way to write the first sentence of each paragraph? It is best to write a central sentence that can summarize the whole paragraph according to the exam-oriented composition. Because the marking teacher is not as calm as usual when reading our composition, he can find the central sentence at the beginning of each paragraph, so it is very convenient to read our article.
6. It is inevitable to modify the paper as little as possible, but it will affect the cleanliness of the paper if it is changed too much. If it is really necessary to change, you should also use the standard modification symbols, and remember "graffiti"
In addition, the adjustment of the paragraph order on the roll surface will also affect the cleanliness of the roll surface.
5. Several ways to express composition language can be started from the following aspects:
First, use as few or no function words as possible.
In other words, when speaking or writing a composition, use as few function words as possible that can or cannot be used. For example:
I went out for a walk because I was a little bored.
This is my second visit to Beijing. I came here once three years ago.
The related words "because ... so" in example 1 feel awkward to read, so it's better to remove them. The causal relationship is still obvious after elimination. The time adverb "once" in Example 2 can be removed, because "three years ago" already contains the meaning of "once". Judging from the above two examples, the sentence will be much simpler if the redundant function words are removed.
Second, don't use words with the same meaning.
The so-called words with the same ideographic meaning mean that the meanings expressed by the two words are the same in position, scope and degree. For example:
He is young, but his head is bald.
Li Mingyu is wearing a new hat and a new cotton-padded jacket.
"Baldness" in Example 3 means that there is no hair on the fingers, so "on the head" is superfluous and should be removed. The hat was originally worn on the head and the cotton-padded jacket was originally worn on the upper body, so "on the top of the head" and "on the upper body" are purely redundant, and the sentence will be much simpler after removal.
Third, try to use reference words.
Wang Qiang is from Shanghai, but Wang Qiang's composition is not Dusk in Shanghai, but Dusk in My Hometown. Why? Hometown is familiar to Wang Qiang, but many dusk scenes are seen by Qiangxin Wang.
There are four "Wang Qiang" in Example 5, which are awkward and harsh to read. The second and fourth "Wang Qiang" should be changed to "He". After the quotation is used instead, the sentence appears concise.
Fourth, appropriately change the names of people.
The main characters in narratives often appear, and if they all use the same title, they will appear repetitive and inflexible. This requires an appropriate change in appellation.
6. When I was a child, there was indeed a Yang Er sister-in-law who sat in the tofu shop across the hall all day. Everyone calls her "Tofu Beauty" ... However, the compasses are very unbalanced and show disdain ... (Hometown)
This paragraph is about Yang Er's wife. In short, Yang Er's sister-in-law's address changed three times: Yang Er's sister-in-law, Tofu Beauty and Compass. Changing the title many times is of course the need to shape the character image, but it can also make the writing concise. If you use "Sister-in-law Yang Er" throughout, it will be repetitive and wordy.
5. Try to avoid using words repeatedly.
7. Scholars' children are familiar with pen and ink, carpenters' children can play with axes and chisels, and militarists' sons have long known about knives and guns.
Children, children and sons in Example 7 are two groups of synonyms. In this way, repetition is avoided and the writing is very concise.
Sixth, we must resolutely avoid ambiguity.
The ambiguity of meaning can easily give people a variety of understandings, which will naturally affect the conciseness of language.
Today, the anti-counterfeiting office expressed indignation at the prosecutor's claim that bystanders stood by.
There are two understandings of this case: first, I am indignant at the prosecutor's accusation; The second is to be indignant at the bystanders who stood by. Ambiguity in language expression can be puzzling and even misleading.
Seven, don't always use the word "say".
Writing a narrative often needs to quote dialogues between characters. Some students always use a few words to guide people to speak: "say", "say" and "answer", which are monotonous but not concise. In fact, there are many ways to introduce dialogue. For example:
She drew a circle in front of her with her little hand and finally pressed it on my hand: "We are all fine!" " "(orange lamp)
Attending "Sir, I can't afford it, I don't have enough money ..." My voice is so low that I can't hear my own voice ...
Example 9 introduces the dialogue with the speaker's actions, and example 10 introduces the dialogue with the speaker's intonation and tone.
Of course, there are many ways to make the composition language concise, but the general requirement is that the words should be concise, elegant and vivid, consistent with the whole environment and characters in artistic conception and charm, and gradually form a style according to their own preferences in the use of words, striving to "speak from the heart" and "write like a person", so as to highlight the personalized language color.
6. How to make the composition language more delicate First, make clear what is delicate. The so-called delicacy can be understood from two aspects: first, the details are vivid and vivid, and the life scenes to be described in the composition are truly reproduced through the details; Second, the language is vivid and beautiful, and the words used in both the sentence pattern and the language itself are very beautiful and rhythmic. Therefore, in order to make the composition delicate, we should start training from two aspects: detailed description and vivid and beautiful language.
Detail description, that is, a detailed description of the details (appearance, language, movements, demeanor, psychology) of a character doing something, describing what color clothes the character wears, how his fingers move, what posture his body is, and what color his hair is, can make the events described in the composition a vivid life scene for readers. The more detailed the description, the easier it is for readers to read as if they were there.
However, if these details are only described in vernacular, they will naturally be less interesting. Therefore, the language describing life scenes should be optimized immediately. It can be optimized from three aspects: first, optimize the text; The second is to use literary skills; The third is to optimize sentence patterns.
Optimize text. It is necessary to accumulate some uncommon words and beautiful words (phrases) to replace the most commonly used words in vernacular Chinese. For example, if you don't smile, the smile lines will slowly overflow the corners of your mouth; Another example is staring around, looking back without looking, and so on. This requires us to accumulate some words when reading at ordinary times.
Use literary skills. The literary skills mentioned here are generalized literary skills.
First, use rhetoric. I don't need to say more about this. Everybody knows that. Rhetoric can make the article more beautiful. For example, the combination of parallelism and metaphor is very popular in composition. Similar to spring, it is the stage of bamboo shoots, which make its life green; The sea is the stage of the stream, where the stream casts the soul of the sea; Shells are the stage of fine sand, and fine sand makes the rhyme of pearls. And life is my stage, I have achieved success here, and I also understand the truth that' only persistence can succeed'. This kind of opening composition in the examination room often makes the teacher shine. It should be noted that if you really use some rhetoric, you must stick to the content and ideas of the article, rather than being big and empty. Similar to the saying that nagging is a clear spring in the mountains, nagging is a bright moon in the sky, nagging is a midnight light, and nagging is also a kind of beauty ("this is also a kind of beauty"), which is a bit empty.
Secondly, use ancient poems and famous sentences. You can use it directly For example, have you ever seen a scene where leaves fall like the spray of a waterfall? Have you ever seen the grass in the wildfire never completely engulf them, and they grow tall again in the spring breeze? Replace the artistic conception you want to say with poems directly. Or put it into use, similar to the sentence that you wait like a lotus flower, which renders a trace of happiness and never decays behind you. Lotus-like waiting is followed by ancient poetry. Similarly, when waiting becomes a habit, it will age the face and destroy the light year. It has nothing to do with romance and the road ahead, just for sincerity. In this sentence, the old look is changed into a new one, and it is folded in light years, followed by traces of ancient poetry.
Third, when you need to express your feelings, it is a good way to create the artistic conception by properly using the scenery to contrast and render the artistic conception. Even if there is only one sentence-that day, the sun was dazzling gold, and the whole article was shrouded in this warm artistic conception.
Optimize sentence patterns. Most students like to write in vernacular, and the whole article is monotonous to read. Look at the following sentences and compare them with your own, and you will find out why your composition is too monotonous.
Running through the long and cold winter, running through the March of spring, running through the snowflakes flying all over the sky, running through countless catkins. Feet are like paddles for ferry. I hope this ship carries them.
Ferry is always a long process, from leaving the other side of failure to reaching the other side of success will not be as fast as imagined. But through time, through the season, the fog clears, and the other side of happiness lies ahead. When the ship set sail, failure and sadness receded like the tide. Those who ferry across the river with me must have persistent hope and courage not to give up.
The first underlined sentence above can be called a whole sentence, but it is actually a parallelism sentence. It doesn't need to be so neat, as long as there is parallelism, it will read smoothly. This sentence pattern is very neat.
The second underlined sentence is called long and short sentence collocation. When writing a composition on weekdays, you can consciously adjust the sentence pattern combination. Using the format of short+short+short+long sentence can greatly show the musical beauty of Chinese.
When writing a composition in the future, you may wish to develop such a thinking consciousness: no matter what you write, you should portray and extend the details of the characters in the event according to your own intentions. After developing the details, I try to optimize the language describing the details with certain literary skills. If we can persist in training step by step according to this way of thinking, the language of the composition will be gradually refined.