On the patriotism of Xin Qiji's ci. The difference between Xin Qiji's ci and other literati is that his ci is not written with pen and ink, but with blood and tears. When we read his words today, we can always clearly see the awe-inspiring and majestic momentum that a great patriot brings to people all the time in his pen and ink. He used his life's ci to express his grief and frustration that he could not gallop on the battlefield to kill the enemy and serve the country and recover the mountains and rivers of the Central Plains. Therefore, in his ci, he is often an all-powerful hero image, and these hero images have deep compassion because of their own bumpy experiences. And his spirit of taking patriotism as his life philosophy can not help but make people deeply admire and admire!

Xin Qiji was a great patriotic poet in the Southern Song Dynasty. He has promised himself to be a hero or promised others to be heroes all his life. Jia in his works fully shows his heroic mind and magnanimity. Dongpo's ci style was carried forward by him to the south, forming a magnificent Su Xin school of ci. Xin Qiji is a poet with great influence in the history of literature. At that time, a large number of uninhibited poets with Xin Qiji as the core mainly expressed patriotic thoughts, and he made indelible historical achievements in developing the content and artistic expression of ci. Xin Qiji has always admired the hermit who smiled proudly in the mountains. Living in the countryside is not contradictory to his outlook on life. Moreover, because of his past position, he can live a very luxurious life. But as a hot-blooded man and a man of the hour, he was forced to leave politics when he was in his prime, which made him unbearable. Therefore, he often enjoys the pastoral scenery and its quiet interest, while constantly surging in his heart, sometimes excited by his own life ideal, sometimes angry and depressed by the ruthlessness of reality, and sometimes forced himself to comfort himself and make broad-minded thoughts. He spent the rest of his life in this kind of emotional ups and downs, burying his deep feelings in these words. This great poet, who created the pronoun style, strongly expressed his persistent pursuit of "correcting Kun to the end" and his hard-won grief and indignation of "exchanging ten thousand words for the owner to plant trees" (Partridge Sky). Xin Qiji said in his famous political treatise "Nine Treatises": "Those who discuss the affairs of the world rely on Qi". "Qi" is a kind of spirit, that is, generous patriotism. The "Jia (II)" in his ci works (Jiang Shenzi) is exactly the artistic embodiment of the heroic spirit of "inviting thieves to kill several times".

First, expressing grief and indignation at national humiliation and enthusiasm for serving the country has a unique brilliance in Xin Ci.

Xin Qiji grew up in the north ravaged by foreign countries, and his desire to restore his homeland was stronger than that of ordinary literati. Moreover, because he actively undertakes the national mission and actively seeks the glory of his personal life, he shows an irresistible heroism in his speech.

When Xin Qiji's ci expresses his ambition to serve the country, he often shows the soldiers' heroic and confident mood, such as "to pull the waves of the Milky Way and wash the sand in the northwest" ("Tune the Song of Water"), "When Marco Polo is buried, you should swear that moths will not sink" ("Man Jiang Hong") and "When people die, their hearts are as iron. See the test hand, mend the sky crack "("He Xinlang ") and so on, all flying with pride, angry with bullfighting. For those who are brave enough to serve their country like him, he sincerely praises them and encourages them in unison. For example, the generosity and enthusiasm of Shui Long Yin Chen Jia Shou Han Nan Jian Shang Shu is completely different from ordinary vulgar birthday words: How many people are really proficient in crossing the river to cross Tianma South? Chang 'an elders, the scenery of the new pavilion, are as poor as ever. How many times did you look back when you were on land? Do you know that Wan Li's fame and fortune are true Confucianism? There is an article about hitting mountains, all of which are sunny days with children's voices. When I fell to the ground, now I try, and the situation is running. The wind and smoke in the green fields, the vegetation in Pingquan and the wine singing in Dongshan. I will rectify Kun's work and celebrate her husband's birthday next year. Xin Qiji has an instinctive aversion to vulgar and smooth bureaucrats who do nothing in the face of national peril. In Millennium Tune, he outlined the ugliness of such characters: "Give people a drink, then pour it first. The most important thing is to make cocoa, and everything is fine. "

Xin Qiji's outlook on life is dominated by Confucianism, actively joining the WTO and being compatible with Buddhism and Taoism, which is also the similarity of many Confucian scholars' ideas at that time. His words are broad-minded, but he can't turn impulsive feelings into calmness. Instead, he vents his inner grief and indignation from a low or even desperate direction, such as: "In the glass of life, everything is empty. There were three or five heroes in ancient times. Where is the rain and wind? Qin Gong in the Han Dynasty. " (Sha Lang), these seemingly broad-minded and decadent sentences make people feel the unbearable pain when his high expectations are shattered.

When Xin Qiji led a few troops across the battlefield and came to the south, he was full of blood and eager to show his grand plan. Unexpectedly, he fell into a mediocre situation, which made him feel unbearable depression and indignation. He returned to the south for twelve years, and when he revisited Jiankang, the first stop of Nangui, he wrote the famous "Shui Long Yin Deng Jian Kang Yue Ting": Chu Tian is thousands of miles away in clear autumn, and flowing water follows the sky. Seeing the mountains in the distance will only cause me sadness and resentment at the end of the country. These mountains are like a hairpin and a spiral coil on a woman's head. The sun in the west leans against this floor, and geese are barking in the distant sky. I am wandering in the south of the Yangtze River, homesick for a wanderer. I saw Wu Gou and made a column, but no one would attend. Don't say that the bass is ugly. Zephyr and Jiying haven't come back yet? People like Xu Si who only buy land for themselves should be ashamed to see Liu Bei who is brilliant and complete in these two aspects. Unfortunately, time passes like running water. I'm really worried about the country's ups and downs. As Huan Wen said, the trees have grown so much! Who is money, calling for red scarf and green sleeves, calling for heroes. This is the sorrow of broken mountains and rivers, and the sorrow of empty ambition; Time goes by mercilessly, and it is even more shocking because of this sadness. However, even if the poet writes about his loneliness and sadness, his pain and tears, we can still see his unsinkable heroism. However, when he became the magistrate of Zhenjiang in his later years, his book "Le Jing Kou Gu Bei Ting Nostalgia for the Past" was still full of sighs. While recalling his fighting career when he was young, he expressed his heroic feelings that he was unwilling to get old and still made a difference: 43 years, looking forward to and remembering, he lit a fire on Yangzhou Road. Looking back, there was a crow club drum under the beaver temple. Who can ask: Lian Po is too old to eat? This heroic nature, which can never spend a lifetime in mediocrity, has been shining in Xin Qiji's words along with his life. It played the strongest sound of Song Ci.

Second, persistent patriotism is the dominant tendency of Xin Qiji's ci thought.

Xin Qiji's patriotic thought has a long history and a deep realistic foundation. On the one hand, he was educated by his grandfather Xin Qiji from an early age, patriotic and anti-gold, and inherited the fine traditions of Qu Yuan, Li Bai and Du Fu about the fate of the motherland. At the same time, his patriotic thought is based on a clear understanding and estimation of the situation against gold. Xin Qiji's patriotic thought is related to his people-oriented thought of caring about people's livelihood and people's strength. He believes that "the trend of the world's clutch often depends on the people's hearts" ("The Ten Theories of Mei Qin"). To resist gold and defend the enemy, we must win the people's hearts and cherish the people's strength. Expressing patriotic feelings, showing the poet's heroic qualities and expressing strong patriotic ideals are the most distinctive features of Xin Qiji's heroic ci. This feature is first reflected in those works that are self-centered and express self-image, self-experience and self-feeling. For example, before returning to South, I personally led 50 riders to raid Jin Ying, and seized the traitor Zhang Anguo's work "Partridge Sky, One Guest Talk about Fame, One Play because I miss my youth": when I was in the prime of my life, I rode across the river with a flag. Swallow a silver beard at night, and an arrow flies to a golden servant. Recalling the past and lamenting myself today, the spring breeze can't dye my white beard black. I think these tens of thousands of words can pacify Jin's strategy and exchange people from the east for the book of trees. There are only four sentences in the last film, which vividly shows the readers the rapid momentum of the surprise attack on the enemy camp and the young and promising heroism of the poet. The next part turns to the present situation, which is quite emotional. It is a heavy summary of the ups and downs of the poet's life to change the policy of "appeasement" into "planting trees"

Xin Qiji never forgot to expel foreign aggression and unify the motherland in his life. He not only claimed to be a hero all his life, but also longed to gallop on the battlefield and kill the enemy to serve the country. In Forever Happiness (Eternal Jiangshan), he compared himself to veteran Lian Po; In He Xinlang (the boss can say this), he is determined to try his best to mend the sky: "I pity you most for dancing in the dark and saying,' People's hearts are as iron as death'. Look at the test hand and make up the sky. " At the same time, he promised that people were heroes. When giving answers, singing and seeing off, I wrote lyrics to encourage my friends to care about recovery and join the cause of resisting gold. For example, write a poem for Han Yuanji's birthday, saying, "Wait for his New Year and rectify Kun's achievements to celebrate his birthday." Xin Qiji's spirit and heroism were well received.

Thirdly, the patriotic feelings of Xin Qiji's ci poetry are also reflected in the anger caused by the contradiction between his urgent desire to "correct mistakes and be honest" and the cold reality that the motherland is still closed and broken.

Xin Qiji wrote many words about climbing mountains and getting close to water and gathering friends. Whenever he is thousands of miles away or sent to meet him, there is always an uncontrollable feeling of grief and indignation. He has clearly expressed his grief and indignation: "It's not that his grief is hard to calm down, but that he has provoked other hatred" ("The Brother who sent the flowers gives you a drink"). The so-called "other haters" are actually "haters who have no attitude towards the residual water and green hills". These two poems, Shui Long Yin and Chu Qian Tian Dora, are "wanderers in the south of the Yangtze River" moved by the magnificent autumn scenery in Tianshui, and were originally confessions of the resentful feelings of the strong men in the Central Plains. The whole word confides in mountains and rivers, and Wu Gou holds the air; As time goes by, melancholy and depression are accompanied by top gun. A patriot's expectation of not being depressed and doing nothing is beyond words. If the emotion expressed in Shui Long Yin is still relatively soothing, then with the passage of time and the ups and downs of fate, the sadness in Xin Qiji's later poems becomes more and more intense and sharp. Although Xin Qiji's ci is full of Xiao Sa's declining mood in the face of the severe situation, from the overall appearance, his keynote is persistent pursuit of career. Even if it seems to be lamenting, in fact, what is beating inside is the passion and a childlike heart with "white hair and self-pity as iron" (Ding Feng). His "broken array, giving Zhuang Ci to Chen Tongfu" can be said to be a typical indication of this, and the word cloud:

Drunk in the dream of watching the sword under the oil lamp, dreaming back to the old days of the military camp, a horn sounded. Give the roast beef to the men and the band will play northern songs. This is a military parade on the battlefield in autumn. Horses run like Ma Delu, bows and arrows fly like thunder. It is a good idea for the emperor to complete the great cause of recovering the lost land of the country and gain a good reputation from generation to generation. Poor hair has become a white-haired man!

This is a sad song of sharp conflict between ideal and reality. The poet wrote the ideal realm with the "dream" in the middle eight sentences, just like a magnificent and energetic picture of Soldiers on the Battlefield. The more I wrote the grandeur and enthusiasm of the ideal, the more I showed the loneliness of drowning my sorrows by drinking and watching the sword (which is supposed to be the sword that made meritorious deeds on the battlefield), and the more I saw the sadness of "poverty and white happening". This "pity" is naturally a powerful attack on power and a deep sorrow for your situation. But this kind of sadness is not depression, not decline. Because although this kind of sadness comes from the high-spirited realm, it has not given up the yearning for the ideal realm of "Riverside Red Flag on Qingming Festival, Riding the Moon for a Thousand Times" ("Water Tune Song Tou"). Otherwise, he doesn't have to "see the sword after drinking", let alone "cherish nothing". Although sad, but still persistent, this should be the value of Xin Qiji's ci. This is why in Jia Xuan's long and short sentences, there are repeated memories and dreams of the past, that is, "When you are strong, you can ride across the river with a big flag" ("Partridge Sky") and "When you are young, you can ride a mink-haired horse" ("Shuidiao Song Tou"). This is when he is still hoping and expecting to realize his ideal in the midst of intractable contradictions and depression: "Look at the sideburns, try to return the flowers to the date and count them again" ("Zhu Yingtai Near"); This is why he often "makes a pillow sound in the middle of the night, and I don't know if he can do it at the bottom of Qingxi" ("Nangezi Sitting in a Mountain Residence at Night"), and his heart is so excited that he can't sleep. Even when I was asleep, I "traveled all over Jiangnan and Jiangbei" ("Man Jiang Hong"), "I was wandering consciously, I came back, sat right, vaguely on the river bank" ("Whistle"). His heart can not be separated from the front line of Jianghuai and the Great Central Plains for a moment!

Fourth, it is also an important content of Xin Ci to express the resentment that ambition is hard to pay, there is no way to serve the country, and heroes are useless.

For example, Gu Beiting in Jingkou, Yong Yule remembers the past: Throughout the ages, heroes have nowhere to be found, and Sun Zhongmou has nowhere to be found. Pavilions and pavilions, singing stage, wind and rain will always blow away romantic feelings. The setting sun shines on the grassland covered with grass and trees. People say that this was once the place where Emperor Wu of Song lived. Looking back, how powerful he was when he led the Northern Expedition and recovered lost ground! However, Li Liu Yi Long, the son of Liu Wang Yilong, was a great success and made a swift northern expedition. Instead, he made the Northern Wei Emperor Wu Tuoba fly south and returned to the north bank of the Yangtze River, which was severely hit by his opponent. I have been back to the south for forty-three years, and I still remember the war scenes in Yangzhou. Looking back, there was a crow club drum under the beaver temple. Who will ask, how is Lian Po's appetite when he is old?

This word expresses patriotism by chanting the past and hurting the present, which is a common expression of Xin Qiji's patriotic words. The whole word closely clasps the support points of "today" and "ancient", and from now on to the present, they are interspersed with each other and discuss history. At this time, Xin Qiji was full of healthy and uplifting passion, but was soon impeached and dismissed from office.

Fifth, it is another important content of Jia Xuan's ci to reflect the broken mountains and rivers, the division between the north and the south, and the deep concern and attachment for the people in the occupied areas. For example, Bodhisattva made a wall in Jiangxi: How many pedestrians shed tears when Yugutai entered Qingjiang River? Looking at Chang 'an in the northwest, there are countless poor mountains. Castle peak can't cover up, after all, it flows east. In the evening, the river is gloomy and there are partridges in the mountains. Write a scene in the last movie. Looking down on the Ganjiang River and the distant mountains, the poet expressed deep sympathy for the misfortune of refugees who fled in those years, and was deeply worried that Bianjing was still behind enemy lines. "Qian Shan is full of water" also implies many obstacles to the cause of resisting gold. The next film is a live lyric, using the river flowing eastward to compare the yearning for the old country and the overwhelming resistance to gold.

Sixthly, the patriotic spirit of Xin Qiji's ci is also reflected in his rectification of Gan Kun's "the master of talents" and his reverence for heroes who have contributed to the cause of reunification in history. There are many nostalgic works in Jiaxuan's ci, and the works that are not nostalgic often lead to a series of ancient people through classics. The latter, if viewed from the technique alone, is really like "dropping a schoolbag". In fact, although Xin Qiji does have the shortcomings of piling up allusions in some chapters, most of his works recalling the past or using allusions are purely based on the wine of the ancients to pour out the "thunder" in his chest. He cherished the memory of people who were interested in reunification, from Dayu to Sun Quan and Emperor Wu of Song, because such talents were needed in real life. To miss the ancients is to call on the present, hoping that such a hero can "mend the sky." Here, I just want to take two words as examples to explain briefly. One is "raw tea seeds, topic Jingkou county dust table pavilion":

The achievements of Dayu's flood control were passed on to him. How hard he worked this year! He made fish swim into the abyss, and people settled on flat soil. The red sun sets in the west and the white waves go east. I'm not looking at Jinshan, but commemorating Yuda.

Xin Qiji built the world he yearned for with a few simple strokes; I long for and admire such a wise master as Dayu, to rebuild the mountains and rivers and relieve the suffering of the people hanging upside down. Patriotism and loving the people should be consistent. From the perspective of Song Dynasty, the "worry" in The Son of Tea is a situation in which the poet prayed for "governance". In this way, it is just around the corner for people to return to their places, gather manpower, restore the Central Plains and unify the world.

Another example is the famous "Yongyu Le Jing Kougu Beiting Nostalgia":

It is difficult to find a hero like Sun Quan after the history of the country. The dance floor was still there, but the heroes had already gone with the passage of time. The setting sun shines on the grassland covered with grass and trees. People say that this was once the place where Emperor Wu of Song lived. Think back to that year: Jin Ge is an iron horse, swallowing Wan Li like a tiger. However, Li Liu Yi Long, the son of Liu Wang Yilong, was a great success and made a swift northern expedition. Instead, he made the Northern Wei Emperor Wu Tuoba fly south and returned to the north bank of the Yangtze River, which was severely hit by his opponent. I have been back to the south for forty-three years, and I still remember the war scenes in Yangzhou. Looking back, there was a crow club drum under the beaver temple. Who can ask: Lian Po is too old to eat?

This poem is praised as the first masterpiece of Xin Ci by Ci critics, because it embodies the sad and unrestrained style of Jia Xuan's Ci. In terms of techniques, it is also a masterpiece of Xin Ci. It is good at reasoning with allusions and lyricism, and integrates political theory with lyricism. When writing this poem, Xin Qiji was a 66-year-old man with white hair, blowing in the wind, and Xiao was called to the front to prepare for the war. How does the poet feel when he returns to his hometown where he punished traitors and resisted stubborn enemies 43 years ago? Years have passed and personnel have changed several times, but the "ancestral temple" of the invaders-the beaver temple of Buddhism-is still full of incense-which is a heavy whip to beggars and beggars. Facing the Lishui Mountain in Jingkou and the mountains and rivers in Wan Li in the north, I can't help but think of Sun Quan, a great hero in Zhenjiang, and Liu Yulai, a Song Wudi in the Southern Dynasties. "Can't find a hero", nostalgia is actually hurting the present. It was a small court that looked back at the divided large territory with a mirror and lived in peace for a long time. Ci not only uses the past to satirize the present, but also draws lessons from the past-"Yuan Jia Cao Cao". More importantly, it uses the past to illustrate the present and Lian Po to clarify its ambition. But whether it is satirizing the present, learning from the present or comparing the present, the core of coherence is to seek an ideal situation of great unity.

In Xin Ci, it can be clearly seen that the ancient poet revered Liu Bang, a kind of "sword refers to Sanqin, the king is proud, and returned to the East after World War I" ("Magnolia Slow"). He praised Liu Daye for helping him, "adding coolness, moving lofty sentiments, and giving six strange reasons"; He admired and missed Li Guang, who was brave and good at fighting. He worshipped Zhu Gekongming, who devoted himself to supporting Shu Han ... It was through these ancient wise men and ministers that Xin Qiji expressed his patriotic feelings.

7. The patriotic spirit of Xin Ci is manifested in the allegory and exposure of stealing banquets by monarch and ministers in the Southern Song Dynasty. "Who asked: Leiwa kettle, even the yellow bell is dumb?" ("Water") This is grief and anger turned into anger, which was the anger that the voice of justice in the main battle could not be aroused at that time, and the voice of peace fluctuated.

He mentioned "Yi Fu" many times, taking Wang Yan, who lived in the south of the Yangtze River in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, as an example to talk about the country's mistakes, criticizing the powerful officials who are now in power for "bowing their heads and surrendering" and "being too old to make any noise". For example, "Look up at China's way of dressing and sell broken bones in the daytime. Sigh that everyone is clear! " (He Xinlang) "How many people really know how to cross the river from the south? Chang 'an elders, the scenery of the new pavilion, are as poor as ever. People of Yi Fu, China has sunk to the bottom of the sea. How many times have you turned around! " (Shui Longyin) ...

As for the popular word "touching fish", "you can eliminate several storms and come back in a hurry in spring", and its word "You don't dance, you don't see it, Yuhuan Yan is dusty?" Leisure is the hardest. Don't lean on the hedge, the sun goes down, and the flowers are bright. " The villain's performance is particularly obvious when the country is in power and the state affairs are in decline. "In the Southern Song Dynasty, Luo Dajing's" He Lin Yu Lu "has recorded the reaction of Zhao Shuo and his son who were" quite unhappy "at the sight of this word. In addition, words such as "Jiang Shenzi smells cicada frog play", "Millennium tune", "An Zheting" and "Niannujiao" (burning hands, turning around, Chang 'an unlimited guests) are all ugly works that satirize Guan Hai's disaster to the country and the people.

Eight, Xin Qiji also used words as a weapon of battle, exposing the darkness of state affairs and attacking Gou 'an's surrender.

The regime of the Southern Song Dynasty is a typical example of humiliating compromise and foreign aggression in Chinese history. The intertwined ruling forces and incompetent bureaucrats have always dominated political affairs and pursued the policy of kneeling and surrendering. They just want to "respect wine in China, but not empty" and "gain eternal fame in leisure" (Song Gaozong and Zhao Gou's "The Fisherman's Words" Part V), which can not but arouse great hatred and indignation among patriots. Xin Qiji often takes Wang Yifu in the Western Jin Dynasty as the object of criticism and criticizes the vegetarians in power. For example, how many people are the real managers in the first part of "Shui Longyin is the guardian of the sword in Hanan, Chen Jiasui": Crossing the Yangtze River and Tianma South? The scenery of Chang 'an Elder's New Pavilion is still pitiful. People who just died, China got stuck, and looked back several times. Is it well known that Wanli's fame and fortune are true Confucianism? The poet lamented that nearly sixty years had passed since he crossed the south. How many people can be regarded as talents who govern the country well and are determined to recover? He showed extreme contempt for those compromising and insensitive bureaucrats in the Southern Song Dynasty.

Xin Qiji has been struggling tirelessly to recover lost land and unify the motherland all his life, and his literary creation is also closely related to his career and ideal. Taking the Anti-Japanese War to save the nation as an important theme, the words reflect the spirit of the times and people's feelings, and are generous and unrestrained. Although Xin's patriotism and loyalty to the monarch are still difficult to separate, just like other literati in feudal times. But this does not prevent us from learning something valuable from it. As far as the development history of Ci is concerned, the fact that Ci is getting better and better (4) and the influence of Xin Ci on Liu Guo, Liu Kezhuang, Chen Renjie, Liu Chenweng and others in the middle and late Southern Song Dynasty are enough to illustrate his immortal achievements. This kind of influence, or what constitutes the core of a part of speech, is the "qi" of Xin Qiji's ci, the kind of unswerving patriotic feelings.