"Application for Theory" examination is a comprehensive examination method to test candidates' reading ability, writing level and ability to analyze and solve practical problems according to the needs of current government work. It mainly tests candidates' ability to solve practical problems, as well as reading comprehension, comprehensive analysis, questioning ability and writing expression ability of analyzing, summarizing, refining and processing given materials. All of them are subjective questions, and the examination time limit is 150 minutes, with full marks 100.
The word "deism" is taken from "deism" in The Analects of Confucius. "Shen" here contains two meanings, one is to express and make representations, and the other is to deduce the examinee's personal views or opinions according to the contents of the given materials in the test paper. "Open" has many meanings. The first is discussion and discussion. Shuowen: "On, discuss also." "Paragraph note:" If a language follows its logic and is appropriate, it is called a theory "."Second, it contains thoughtful meaning. " "Zhou Li? Examination records? Preface officer: "Or sit and talk about the Tao." "Note:' On Tao' refers to the laws governing the country'. "Third, it contains the meaning of comment and discrimination." Lu Chunqiu? It should be said, "You must be no stranger." "Note:' On, Debate'." Fourth, it contains the meaning of informing and stating. Historical records? Biography of Zhang Yichuan: "Please discuss the reasons." "Suoyin:' Narrator, Sue, Kerwin Chen'." Selected works? Rolling? "Xijing Fu": "There are many shapes and sounds, and they are invincible." "Jiang's note:" Synthesize: go up, say yes "."Shen Lun "is a style with the connotation of statement, defense, argument and discussion."
(B) the characteristics of Shen Lun
As a bureaucratic article, Shen Lun not only has its own stipulation in writing paradigm, but also has its own characteristics in article style and way of thinking. We summarize it as five points, and make a detailed analysis below.
1. Prospective
As the saying goes, stand high and see far. As a bureaucratic article, Shen Lun's essay is characterized by high conception and high theme. Practical writing should focus on long-term interests, see the essence through phenomena, be good at building a strategic position and sublimate the theme.
The so-called high-minded and high-themed essay is not empty talk, and its judgment standard and scale are mainly reflected in the political aspect, that is, the conception and theme of the essay should have a political height. To maintain a certain political height, we must pay attention to cultivating good political literacy.
2. Big topics and small works
Writing practical writing should be a "big topic", rather than "making a mountain out of a molehill" like traditional composition. The "big" of the article emphasizes being good at analyzing and solving problems comprehensively, systematically and profoundly from a macro perspective, and grasping the essence through phenomena. Application writing is different from traditional argumentative writing. Emphasis is placed on the ability to analyze reasons, put forward countermeasures and demonstrate according to specific problems or facts. Emphasis is placed on comprehensive ability, not only writing and argumentation ability, but also on "God". The specific social phenomena and problems in the modern application examination can only be completely solved through systematic schemes and supporting measures. It is very difficult to solve this problem if the proposed countermeasures are limited to a specific measure or a certain aspect of the government's ability. Civil servants should be good at sublimating materials, grasping things from a macro perspective and formulating macro policies. Therefore, when determining the topic of the article, candidates should be good at summarizing and refining the macro theme and focusing on the "big" point.
3. Comprehensive coverage
The "completeness" of the application article includes two requirements: first, the content should be comprehensive; Second, thinking should be comprehensive, be good at using dialectical thinking, and not be partial. The content should be comprehensive, that is to say, the answer must be comprehensively summarized according to the main contents reflected in the material. Only in this way can we guarantee more points and get high scores; Think comprehensively. First, thinking should be all-round and multi-angle. When writing a composition, we should be good at using multi-angle analysis methods and consider problems comprehensively. For example, to analyze the causes of macro phenomena, we should not only think of economic reasons and political reasons, but also think of cultural reasons, and learn to analyze them from different angles such as politics, economy, culture and society. Second, we should learn to make dialectical analysis. Because of the flexibility, fluidity and variability of examination angles and methods, candidates should be good at using divergent thinking to answer questions and prevent extreme thinking. Only in this way can they conform to the gentle style of the article. It can be said that dialectical thinking is very helpful for us to solve practical problems and make a good application.
progressive
The essence of sketches mainly means that the language of sketches should be accurate and refined, and the other is to express norms.
First of all, the application for articles requires accurate and concise language, and avoid verbosity and nonsense; Secondly, we should pay attention to the standardization of application language. As a literary style, the language of application has specific styles and requirements, and its content is also standardized.
Seek truth from facts
The composition should be "high", "big" and "complete", but "real" and "precise" to prevent "false" and "empty". Although we emphasize "big topic and small work" when writing a composition, we should put an end to the word "virtual", prevent and overcome the problem of virtual, and make the article flesh and blood. Therefore, the "truth" of the sketch has two meanings: one is richness, and the other is truth.
The so-called "enrichment" means that the problems analyzed in this paper and the countermeasures put forward should be concrete and feasible. Materials are our inexhaustible wealth. With the increase of the number of words in the material, the available materials in the material also increase in proportion. Learn to select and summarize the contents in the materials; The so-called "truth" means that the content should conform to the reality of materials and society. When putting forward countermeasures, we must combine them with reality, and we can't make them up without materials and reality. We should pay attention to the feasibility, effectiveness and pertinence of countermeasures.