Modern logistics enterprise refers to a comprehensive service-oriented logistics enterprise guided by modern logistics concept, adopting modern logistics organization mode and modern logistics technology to provide customers with lower logistics costs and improved logistics rationalization level. Modern logistics enterprises have higher requirements in business philosophy, operation mode, service content, information level, logistics technology, enterprise system, etc. Different from traditional logistics enterprises, they have the remarkable characteristics of rapid response, serialization of services, standardization of operations, systematization of objectives, modernization of means and networking of organizations.
The business model of modern logistics enterprises is a business operation model in which logistics enterprises apply logistics functional elements to production and operation and obtain benefits. Business model is the basis of enterprise profit. Only with a successful business model can an enterprise make a profit. Logistics business model is the embodiment of the core competitiveness of logistics enterprises, and it is of great significance to study logistics business model for the transformation of traditional logistics enterprises to modern logistics enterprises to find new ideas.
First, China's logistics business status
With the rapid development of China's logistics industry, there are many types of logistics enterprises in the logistics market. Traditional transportation, warehousing and freight forwarding enterprises began to expand into the field of logistics, and a large number of emerging logistics enterprises emerged. Foreign logistics enterprises are also optimistic about China's logistics market and accelerate their expansion in China. The logistics industry has formed a pattern of common development of various types of logistics enterprises. However, compared with developed countries, China's logistics industry is still in the early stage of development, and the development of logistics enterprises is still immature, which is mainly reflected in the weak concept of modern logistics, backward management concept and lack of innovation in modern logistics service mode.
According to the statistics of relevant institutions, in recent years, the number of new logistics enterprises in China has increased at the rate of 16%-25% every year. At present, there are 700,000 logistics-related enterprises and institutions in China. However, from the aspects of network, function, management, service and performance, there are few enterprises with real advantages and competitiveness. According to the third logistics market survey report made by China Federation of Logistics Purchasing and Meizhi Management Consulting Company, the scale of third-party logistics enterprises in China is small, and none of the more than 50 enterprises surveyed has a market share of more than 2%. The reason is that China's logistics enterprises have single function, weak value-added services and lack the ability to meet customers' personalized logistics needs. The essence of modern logistics is service, and the goal of logistics enterprises is to meet the needs of cargo owners to provide logistics services for their customers. Therefore, whether it is service ability or service quality, it should be aimed at the satisfaction of the owner. With the maturity of the logistics concept of industrial and commercial enterprises, in addition to providing general services such as transportation and warehousing, it is also hoped that logistics enterprises can provide a series of value-added services such as logistics network design, inventory management, order management, distribution processing, order processing and information services. However, only a few domestic enterprises can provide such logistics value-added services. According to the survey data, 85% of the income of domestic third-party logistics enterprises comes from basic services, such as transportation management and warehousing management, while the income of value-added services and logistics information services only accounts for 15%.
On the surface, the problems of logistics enterprises are mainly reflected in the single service content, backward logistics means and low degree of informatization. However, it is not difficult to find that the reason for this phenomenon is that logistics enterprises lack in-depth research on modern logistics and mature business models suitable for customers.
Second, the business model analysis of advanced logistics enterprises
A number of domestic advanced logistics enterprises, such as COSCO Logistics, Sinotrans Logistics and China Merchants Logistics, actively adapt to the changes in market demand and respond to the impact of foreign enterprises, and combine their own advantages to explore many representative business models in the process of developing modern logistics services. The author visited dozens of advanced logistics enterprises, mastered a large number of first-hand information of enterprise operation, and summarized eight models with reference significance on this basis.