◆ Character guidance

Years have passed, and after more than 800 years of wind and rain erosion, in today's Shaoxing Shen Yuan, the striking title of "Hairpin Phoenix" remains the same, and the love tragedy between Lu You and Tang Wan is also sad in the hearts of China people from generation to generation, year after year.

As a patriotic civil servant in the Southern Song Dynasty, Lu You was raped and plundered by powerful people many times. His situation is unfair, and he is not satisfied with officialdom. However, when the Emei Bo Band had already fallen apart, it may be unexpected that the words occasionally painted on the pink wall by a bamboo tube due to frustration in love would be so engraved and treasured by future generations.

Walking slowly through the fallen leaves in the Shen Garden, it seems that we are in a trance, and we can still feel the light footsteps coming from the bamboo forest behind us. In that slightly sad direction, let us try our best to find the eternal national soul.

● Writer file

Land tour:1125 ——1210 year.

Font size: word view, number broadcast.

Time: Southern Song Dynasty

Native place: Yin Shan, Yuezhou (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang).

Life experience:

Lu You worked tirelessly from primary school, and was deeply educated in patriotism in troubled times. At the age of 20, she married Tang Wan and was forcibly separated by her mother. This kind of emotional pain lasts for a lifetime, and the famous works such as Hairpin Phoenix and Shenyuan are all for this reason.

At the age of 29, he went to Lin 'an (now Hangzhou), the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty, and won the first place in the exam. Because he lived before Qin Gui's grandson, and because he didn't forget the national humiliation, he was deleted from the list at the second interview.

Houkuizhou (now Fengjie, Sichuan) passed the verdict, acting as Zhou Shu, Jiazhou and Rongzhou as judges and magistrates. In the second year (1 175), Lu you was invited to be a senator from central Sichuan, Fan Chengda Town. In the fifth year of Xichun, Lu You's poems became more and more famous and were summoned by Xiaozong, but they were not really reused. Xiaozong only sent him to Fuzhou and Jiangxi for two official missions to promote Changping tea and salt. When he was working in Jiangxi, there was a flood there. He "set up camp" and personally visited the disaster area, "distributing relief supplies to charity warehouses and sending millet to people in all counties". Unexpectedly, he violated the regulations and went home on charges of "exceeding authority".

After living in my hometown for 6 years, Lu You is also known as Yanzhou (now Jiande, Zhejiang). In the fifteenth year of Xi Chun, Lu You left Yanzhou and returned to his hometown. Soon, he was called to Lin 'an as a military attache. The following year, Guangzong ascended the throne and was appointed as a doctor of the DPRK. So he even wrote to persuade the court to reduce taxes. As a result, he was impeached and dismissed from office again on charges of "mocking romantics".

After that, Lu You lived in seclusion in the countryside for a long time, accounting for 12 years, and spent his old age in a quiet but poor life. He named the library "Old Learning Temple" and took pleasure in sitting in the book city. In the second year of Jiaqing (1202), Lu You was called to write in North Korea because the reign of Xiaozong and Guangzong had not been completed, and he resigned and returned to his hometown the following year. Lu You resigned in Jiatai for three years and returned to his hometown. He is almost 80 years old. Since then, he has been writing poems, but his health has been weakening year by year. Finally, in the second year of Jiading (1209) 65438+February 29th, the 85-year-old poet passed away with regret that he could not recover his motherland.

Works: Lu You's works, according to the Complete Works of Jiguge Engraving, include: 85 volumes of Nanbo Poems, 50 volumes of Weinan Anthology (including 2 volumes of Ci and 6 volumes of Entering Shu), 2 volumes of Weng Fang Yi Manuscripts, and 2 volumes of Nanbo Anthology.

Tang Shu (18), Notes of Laoxue Temple (10), etc. Other works include Family Instructions of Shi Weng and Old Home News. Among them, people are familiar with the following works: Mourning for the Past, Guan Shanyue, Traveling Out, Sleeping in a Watertown, The Storm on November 4th, Xiuer, Hairpin Phoenix, Yongmei, A Complain, A Visit to Shanxi Village, A Story of a Small Town and a Story of a Hall.

Fame: Lu You was the greatest patriotic poet and writer in the Southern Song Dynasty, with rich creations and brilliant talents. Lu You is called "Little Li Bai" and his poems are called "History of Poetry".

Second, the reasons for becoming famous

▲ Overview of submission

As an outstanding poet, Lu You wrote more than 9,300 poems in his life. Most of these poems are related to fighting against invaders. Or describe the fiery military life, "losing clothes and sleeping in first frost", or repose deep worries about the future and destiny of the motherland and gloomy mood full of enthusiasm for serving the country. Lu You's poems are full of ardent patriotic enthusiasm and sympathize with the sufferings of the people at that time. The thoughts of worrying about the country and the people are interwoven in his works.

Lu You's rich creative practice had a positive impact on his later literary circles in the Song Dynasty, but what was more remarkable was his strong and persistent patriotism. His poems and prose works are a great spiritual inspiration to the people oppressed by other nationalities. Whenever the nation lives or dies, people can't help thinking of this poet who deeply cares about the fate of the motherland in his 85-year-old life.

▲ Outstanding achievements

Lu You's outstanding achievement lies in his poems.

The first feature of Lu You's poems is the heroism and sacrifice spirit of swallowing mountains and rivers. This has been fully reflected in his life's poems. It was not until he was 82 years old that he sang the poem "When he heard the drums, he could still win the country and Zhao Yan".

The second feature of Lu You's poems is his sharp satire and resolute struggle against capitulationists.

The third feature of Lu You's poems is that there is a sigh of unfulfilled ambition and a sustenance for the ideal realm. For example, Book Criticism, Qiu Si, Occasionally, Occasionally, Occasionally, Occasionally, Occasionally, Occasionally, Occasionally, Occasionally, Occasionally, Occasionally, Occasionally, Occasionally, Occasionally, Occasionally, Occasionally, Occasionally, Occasionally, Occasionally1the storm on the 4th of the month.

▲ Review materials

Twelve-year-old Poetry and Happy Talk about Rehabilitation.

"Fishing boats and firewood trails, tea bowls and stoves, rain or shine, every grass and tree is singing to express its meaning." "Clear your head, got it."

Poetry in Tang and Song Dynasties: "Wine is hot and full of ups and downs."

Zhao Yi's "Ou Bei Shi Hua" said: "It's not that we don't search, but that we don't lose exquisiteness. I was speechless, but I didn't make anything new, which was unprecedented among ancient poets. "

Jin Mao's "Postscript on the Poems of Releasing Weng" said: "Yang Yongxiu (cautiously) said:' The poems of releasing Weng are as beautiful as Huaihai (Qin Guan) and as magnificent as the eastern slope. "It's more like Jiaxuan's ears to be super cool."

Third, the work is online.

◆ Overview of works

Lu You is a poet with rich creation. His poems can be roughly divided into three periods:

The first period was from adolescence to middle age (46 years old). There are only about 200 poems in this period, and the works are mainly in the form of words, which have not been enriched by life.

In the second period, after he entered Shu, he retired to the East at the age of 64 and wrote more than 2,400 poems in 20 years. This period is a period when he joined the army in Nanzheng, full of fighting atmosphere and patriotic passion, and also a mature period of his poetry creation.

The third period was long-term seclusion in my hometown of Yin Shan until my death. There are also 20 years, and there are about 6,500 existing poems. There is an idyllic flavor in the poem, which reveals a sense of desolation in life from time to time. "Poetry

Working in an unloved place can be regarded as expressing his mood and artistic realm at this time. "

Lu You's poems can be said to have both styles, no matter they are classical, metrical and quatrains, they all have excellent works, among which seven verses are well written. In this respect, Lu You inherited the experience of predecessors and enriched his own creation at the same time, so some people say that he, Du Fu and Li Shangyin completed the "three changes" in the creation of the seven laws (Shu Wei's poem "A Bottle of Water"), and his seven laws were unparalleled at that time. In addition to the seven laws, Lu You's achievements in poetry creation should be regarded as quatrains. Lu You is not only a poem, but also a long word. Because he doesn't pay much attention to this poetic style, there are not many words, only 130 * *. His words are also diverse in style and have their own characteristics. There are many beautiful and lingering words, which are close to the graceful school in Song Ci, such as the famous Hairpin Phoenix. However, some words often express deep feelings about life or superb soul, such as divination operator, broken bridge posting, double lotus, flowers on bone and so on. Far away or profound, close to Su Shi. However, what best reflects Lu You's life experience and personality characteristics are his impassioned patriotic poems, such as Spring in the Han Palace, Carving a Bow with Arrows, Feeling Resentment, Wandering in the Year, Night Tour in the Palace, Snow Clearing, etc., all of which are heroic works full of enthusiasm for serving the country.

Lu You also wrote many essays, which are quite accomplished. Among them, writing inscriptions, prefaces and postscripts, describing life experiences, expressing thoughts and feelings, or writing poems can best reflect the achievements of Lu You's prose. At the same time, he also shows patriotic feelings from time to time in his poems, such as Jing Zhen Tang's Collection, Tong Hugh's Collection and Shu Wei Qiao's Family. The language of Lu's poems is not whitewashed or unfamiliar, but pursues the unique characteristics of beauty, naturalness and refinement. ◆ Reading and thinking of works

Selection 1: "Hairpin Phoenix"

Guide reading

Shenyuan is located in Yanghe Lane, southeast of Shaoxing City. In the Song Dynasty, Chitai was very prosperous, and it was a famous garden in Vietnam and China. It is reported that this Southern Song poet married his cousin Tang Wan for the first time. Husband and wife love each other, but Lu Mu doesn't like it. Lu You was forced to separate from Tang Wan. Later, Tang Wan remarried, and Lu You remarried Wang. More than ten years later, they met on a spring outing to Shenyuan. When Lu You was sad, he wrote the famous word "Feng" on the garden wall. Tang Wan was very sad when he read it. He also wrote a poem and died of depression soon. Lu you was deeply saddened by this, and later wrote poems recalling the garden many times, accompanied by the sentence "the spring waves under the sad bridge were green, which was once a stunning photo." Therefore, Shen Yuan has a long-standing reputation. After hundreds of years of vicissitudes, it has been "not revived."

main body

Copy of

Red crisp hands, Huangteng wine, Mancheng spring willow. The east wind is evil, and the feelings are thin. A cup of sadness, a few years apart, no! No! No!

Spring is the same, people are empty, and tears are red and sad. Peach blossom falls, idle pool pavilion. Although Meng Shan is here, it is hard to trust Jin Shu. Mo! Mo! Mo!

Thinking guidance

This word is about Lu You's own love tragedy.

The first film of Ci laments the pain of forced divorce by recalling the happy love life in the past, which has two meanings.

The first three sentences are the first layer of the film, recalling the beautiful scene when I was traveling with the Tang family: "Red hands, Huang Teng wine. Spring scenery in the city. " "Red Crispy Hands, Huangteng Wine" not only wrote down Tang's graceful gesture of being attentive to poets, but also summarized the beauty of Tang as a whole (including her inner beauty). However, more importantly, it concretely and vividly shows the tenderness between loving couples and the happiness and joy of their married life. The third sentence "Willow on the Palace Wall in Spring" outlines a broad and far-reaching background for the couple in Spring Garden, pointing out that they are enjoying the spring scenery. And down's ruddy arms,

The yellow seal of wine and the green of willow give this painting a bright and harmonious sense of color.

The word "east wind evil" is the second layer, describing the writer's painful feelings after being forced to divorce. On the previous floor, I wrote about Chun Qing in Spring Scenes, which is infinitely beautiful. When I suddenly turned here, the tide of resentment suddenly broke through the poet's heart and was unstoppable. The word "East Wind Evil" is a pun with rich connotations, which is the key to the whole word and the crux of the poet's love tragedy. It turns out that the east wind can revive the earth and bring vitality to everything. However, when it blows and sweeps wildly, it will also destroy the state of spring. The next article says that "peach blossoms fall and the pool pavilion is idle", which is the serious consequence brought about by its crazy blowing and sweeping, so it is called "evil". But it is mainly a metaphor, which means the power of "evil" that causes the poet's love tragedy. As for whether Lu Mu is included, the answer should be undeniable. Just because it is inconvenient and impossible to say, I have to express it in this implicit way. The following three sentences further express the poet's hatred of "Dongfeng" and complement the word "evil": "Love is thin. I am sad for a few years. " A happy marriage was forced to break up, and loving couples were forced to separate, which made them suffer great emotional torture and pain. Years of separation only brought them sadness and resentment. Isn't it like the brilliant spring flowers being destroyed and withered by the ruthless east wind? Then "wrong, wrong, wrong", three "wrong" words in a row, even burst, the feelings are extremely painful. But who is wrong? Is it to deny "dare not violate the wishes of the venerable" and finally "marry the daughter"? Is it a denial of the oppression of the venerable person? Is it a denial of the unreasonable marriage system? The poet didn't make it clear, and it was not easy to make it clear. This "Thousand-Jin Olive" (Dream of Red Mansions) is reserved for our readers to taste. Although this layer is straightforward, angry feelings, like a river, flow like a thousand miles. But it's not endless. The words "east wind evil" and "wrong, wrong, wrong" are very interesting.

The second part of the word, from feeling the past back to reality, further expresses the great grief of his wife's forced divorce, and is also divided into two layers.

The first three sentences are the first layer, which describes the performance of Down's family when Shen Yuan meets again. "Spring scenery remains the same" comes from the last sentence "Spring scenery in the city", which is the background of meeting at this time. It is still the same spring day as before, but people are not what they used to be. In the past, the skin of down was so rosy and full of youthful vitality; Now, she is haggard and emaciated under the ruthless destruction of the "East Wind". Although the phrase "people are empty and thin" only describes the change of Tang's appearance, it clearly shows the great pain brought to her by "being away from cables for several years". Like a poet, she also suffers from "melancholy"; Like a poetess, she always loves old people. How else can you lose weight? Writing about the change of appearance to express the change of inner world is a common technique in literary works, but being thin is thin. Why do you want to add an "empty" word in it? "The monarch has his own wife, and Luo Fu also has a husband." ("ancient poetry? From the perspective of marriage, the two have long been irrelevant. Water under the bridge. Isn't it a waste of time to torture yourself for acacia? With this word, the poet's feelings of pity, comfort and pain are expressed. The phrase "tears" further shows Tang's mental state at this meeting through her facial expressions and movements. When we meet again in the old garden and recall the past, can she not cry? But the poet did not write tears directly, but wrote her "tears are red and sad" by line drawing, which is more euphemistic, more calm, more vivid and more touching. And the word "head" not only shows his tears, but also shows his sadness. On the second floor of the last film, the screenwriter wrote himself in a straightforward way; Here, when she wrote about Tang's family, she changed her skills and only wrote about the changes in her appearance and posture and her painful feelings. Because what is written in this layer is seen by the poet, it also has the artistic effect of "feeling at first sight". It can be seen that poets are not only deeper than feelings, but also deeper than words.

The last few words of the word are the second layer of the next movie, which describes the writer's painful mood after he is down and out. The sentence in Peach Blossom Falls is in harmony with the sentence in the last one, Dongfeng Evil, and the scenery is outstanding. Although it is a landscape, it also implies personnel. Isn't it? Peach blossoms wither and the garden is neglected. This is just a change of things, but the change of personnel is even more than the change of things. Down's, as beautiful as a peach blossom, has not been destroyed by the ruthless "east wind"

Are you haggard and emaciated by torture? Isn't the poet's own mood as bleak as the "idle pool pavilion"? It is ingenious and natural to have two meanings at the same time. Next, I turned to direct affection and said, "Although Meng Shan is here, it is difficult to ask for a book." Although these two sentences are only a few words, they can show the poet's own inner pain. Although I feel like a stone, my infatuation will not change, but how can I express such a sincere heart? Clearly in love, but can not love; Obviously you can't love, but you can't cut this thread of love. In an instant, there was love, hate, pain and resentment. Seeing Tang's haggard face and miserable situation, he felt pity and comfort. An unspeakable sadness rushed out of his chest: "Mo, Mo, Mo!" Water under the bridge. There's no turning back. What do you want it to do? What do you think it can do? So cut the gordian knot: just, just, just! Obviously, the words are still unfinished, the meaning is still unfinished, and the feelings are still unfinished, but it happened that they were lost. The whole word ended in an extremely painful sigh.