The development of science and technology, like other things in human society, has a certain historical inheritance. Today's technology is developed from the past. Studying and understanding the history of scientific and technological development and discussing its development law can play a role in taking history as a mirror and learning from the old. Geology, as a science, has experienced the process of its own emergence, development and maturity, and has certain development laws. Geology, as a science, originated very early in the process of human development, but it was not really established as an independent science until18th century, and it reached a mature stage in19th century. The 500 years from15th century to the beginning of 20th century, which is roughly equivalent to the Ming and Qing Dynasties in China, is a key period for the growth, development and maturity of geology as a science, and these five centuries are also a key turning point for the development of science and technology in China and the West: China's traditional science and technology, which was far ahead of the world in the past, declined, while in the West, modern science was born and flourished, and China's science and technology in the Ming and Qing Dynasties lagged far behind the advanced level in the West. Geology, as a science, also experienced a completely different development process between China and the West in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, thus creating different achievements and disparities between Chinese and Western geological sciences in modern times. By reviewing and comparing the development of Chinese and western geology in Ming and Qing Dynasties, this paper finds out the gap, analyzes the reasons, summarizes the general trend and experience and lessons of the whole scientific and technological development in modern China and the West, and takes history as a mirror to put forward suggestions for the scientific and technological development strategy of contemporary China, hoping to help the rapid development of science and technology in China in the new century and the happiness of the country's rich and powerful people. The first part briefly introduces the research purpose and writing significance of the paper, and makes a simple summary of the relevant research at home and abroad. Finally, it also introduces the writing ideas and scientific problems to be solved by the research methods. The second part reviews the social background of China and the West in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Through a detailed introduction to the development of politics, economy, ideology, culture and science and technology, we can see that China and the West have experienced completely different development processes in the past five centuries. Looking at the history of more than 500 years in Ming and Qing Dynasties, compared with the early feudal society in China, its most important feature is that the powerful feudal society in China has irretrievably declined. This decline is comprehensive, holistic and obvious in all aspects. After China's feudal society entered the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it was tottering on the whole and went from bad to worse. Especially compared with the rapid development of western countries, it is even more corrupt. Of course, this does not rule out that China has made some partial progress in science and technology during this period. However, through comprehensive analysis, it is not difficult to see that China's science and technology has begun to lag behind the West, and the gap is getting bigger and bigger. However, the western society has undergone earth-shaking changes during the five hundred years of Ming and Qing Dynasties. The Ming Dynasty (1368-644) was the era when the Renaissance swept across Europe. A series of far-reaching events in human history have taken place on the European continent: Renaissance, religious reform, voyage exploration and geographical discovery. In the field of science, the first scientific revolution took place, which led to the birth of modern western natural science. The Qing Dynasty (1644-1911) was the golden age of the rapid development of modern western society: bourgeois democratic revolution broke out politically, and capitalist democratic system was generally established and implemented in western European countries; The emergence of industrial revolution in economy has greatly liberated social productive forces and opened up a new era in human history-the era of big industry; There have been two technological revolutions in the field of science, and modern natural science has been established and developed rapidly. Various scientific and technological achievements have been invented and created one after another, which has greatly changed the face of people's lives. The west has taken the lead in entering modern society in the world. From the middle of Qing Dynasty, the level of western science and technology was far ahead of China, and the national strength of western countries surpassed that of China in an all-round way, thus beginning the sinful history of modern western powers invading, plundering and carving up China, once a super-rich country in the East. The third part introduces and comments on the development of Chinese and western geology in Ming and Qing Dynasties. It can be seen that geology, as a western science, has developed steadily and formed its own system since Leonardo da Vinci was founded in the Renaissance. With the joint efforts of a series of geologists and geological enthusiasts, it grew into an independent science in18th century. From the end of18th century to the first half of19th century, it experienced the so-called heroic era of geology (1790- 1830). Modern geology, as an independent science, was born and matured in the west! The geology of China in Ming and Qing Dynasties, like many other scientific knowledge, was still fragmentary and unsystematic, and only made achievements in some aspects and links, such as Xu Xiake's travel notes and the drawing of the national map in the early Qing Dynasty. It was not until 1840 after the Opium War that some new features appeared in the development of geology in China due to the great social changes and the introduction of western science and technology, and modern geology was slowly bred and grown up in China. Ming and Qing Dynasties became a watershed and turning point in the process of Chinese and Western science and technology. Geology, as a scientific knowledge, is the essential reflection and true portrayal of the development trend and historical characteristics of science and technology in this historical period. The fourth part puts forward the question: "Before the Ming and Qing Dynasties, China's ancient scientific and technological achievements had been in a leading position in the world. Why did it begin to decline in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and what were the main factors that caused the disparity between Chinese and Western scientific and technological levels in the Ming and Qing Dynasties? Why does modern science come from the West instead of China? As far as specific geology is concerned, why didn't China produce modern geological science? What is the reason for the huge difference in geological levels between China and the West during the Ming and Qing Dynasties? " Further, these questions are discussed and answered, and it is considered that the fact that China lags behind the West in modern science and technology is closely related to the failure of modern China to implement capitalist democratic political system and China to become a capitalist country. The primary factor that caused modern China to lag behind the West in science and technology was China in Ming and Qing Dynasties or feudal society, which was the later period of extreme autocracy. The decadent and autocratic feudal system in China during the Ming and Qing Dynasties was the chief culprit that caused modern China's science and technology to lag far behind the West. This paper analyzes in detail how the feudal autocracy in Ming and Qing Dynasties hindered the birth and development of modern science in China from six aspects: extreme imperial autocracy, bureaucratic system, ideological imprisonment, closed-door policy and comparison of scientists' personal fate. The fifth part, taking history as a mirror, puts forward some suggestions for the development of contemporary science and technology in China, mainly including four points: first, it calls for emancipating the mind, vigorously carrying forward the scientific spirit, breaking the shackles of all dogmas on thought, and persisting in practice is the only criterion for testing truth; Second, I hope to improve the socialist democratic political system and advocate the style of study of freedom and democracy; Third, we are eager to establish and implement modern education system and modern examination system, reform the enrollment system, and let real talents stand out; Fourth, while learning from the advanced experience of the West, we should closely combine the reality of China, carry forward the excellent cultural traditions of China, and take a road of scientific and technological development suitable for China's national conditions. In short, today, only by vigorously carrying forward the scientific spirit, safeguarding freedom and democracy, reforming the education system, encouraging innovative behavior, supporting scientific research, and taking the road of developing and innovating the scientific and technological system with China characteristics, can China's science and technology be truly liberated and take off, and can it catch up with the advanced western level in the new century!