What is the scene of Mount Tai, the head of the Five Mountains? On the land of Qilu, Lian Mian will never see its cyan.
Nature has given all the wonders of the mountain to Mount Tai, making the south side of the mountain bright and the north side dark, which is completely different.
Layers of clouds rise, jump in the heart, and birds return to the mountains.
Be sure to climb the top of Mount Tai. At that time, the mountains around you will look small.
The word "Wang" runs through the whole poem. The poem "Looking at Spring" means looking at spring. The author is moved by the return of spring to the natural season and hopes to restore the stability and prosperity of the country.
The first two sentences bear the title and write the general impression you saw from afar in spring. The fall of the capital, the mountains and rivers remain the same, and the personnel are completely different. "Spring in the city" and "Mountains and rivers are here" ushered in the annual spring in Beijing. After "the vegetation is deep", it is "the country breaks down and the family dies". The people fled, and the vegetation was allowed to grow wild and desolate. Both of these sentences use the turning point method, but the upper sentence is reversed and the lower sentence is straight, showing the change of composition. The ruins of "national destruction" are in sharp contrast with the vitality of "urban spring". This contrast highlights the dilapidated scene after the fall of Chang 'an and reflects the poet's deep concern for the country and the people. Sima Guang appreciated this couplet very much in the Song Dynasty: "The ancients were poems, which were more valuable than words, making people think and get it ... Du Zimei was the most famous poet in modern times. For example, this sentence' where the mountains and rivers are' means that there is nothing; The vegetation is deep and there is no one. " (See Wen Gong's Continued Poems)
Couplets are received from a distance, pushing the panorama to a close-up. There are differences in understanding these two sentences in various notes. The point is who is "throwing tears" and who is "shocking". One explanation is that the poet himself shed tears at the flowers and was shocked by the smell of birds. Another explanation is that the subject in the sentence is "flower", not "bird". Flowers cry because of "feeling time", and birds are frightened because of "hating farewell". This seems unreasonable, but it actually takes advantage of empathy. Flowers and birds are natural things, but now because of the poet's special mood, I place my feelings on them and think they are human beings. The flowers are full of dew, which means the sad time is crying and the birds are jumping. That's because of where will you go. It is more meaningful and effective to write like this than to express your inner feelings directly. As the saying goes, "Heaven and earth share the same sorrow, and vegetation share the same sorrow", which is not only about personal feelings, but also about the feelings of many people who suffered from war at that time. It is difficult to describe it properly without using special expression skills.
Because from a distance to a close look, the neckline changes from looking up to looking down, and the feelings naturally change from mourning for the country to missing relatives. In the way of expression, from the feelings in the scene, it has become a direct expression of one's own mind. "March in a row" means that the war disaster lasted until March, that is, the time to write poetry. Some notes say "refers to the first month, February and March of that year". Or all spring. In fact, the Anshi Rebellion began in November last year, and Du Fu was trapped in Chang 'an for seven or eight months. He once said: "Tongguan was broken last year, but his wife and children were separated for a long time" ("Shu Huai"), and "news of several States was broken, so I was worried about books" ("Snow"). The poet was trapped in Chang 'an, and the life and death of his wife and children were unknown, which led him to lament that "a letter from home is worth a ton of gold". The interpretation of poetry is too solid, and the original intention is often misinterpreted.
This poem first describes two kinds of scenery: national ruin and spring coming, and then two kinds of feelings: "feeling of time" and "hating farewell". Here, bonfires are used to inherit the sense of time, and letters from home are used to inherit the hatred of parting, and the parting of relatives is precisely caused by the time of war. This is a link, and the composition is very rigorous. Belinsky once said: "Any great poet is great because his pain and happiness are deeply rooted in the soil of society and history, so he has become the representative and spokesman of society, times and mankind." (See "belinsky Literature") Du Fu interweaves family worries and national worries in his poems, which profoundly shows that the personal fate of honest intellectuals is closely related to the fate of the country and the nation, with a high degree of generality and typical significance, and is the spiritual essence of "depression and frustration".
The last two sentences of this poem are the pen of genius. A few crosses make the image of a sad white-haired old man stand in front of readers. The author looked forward to spring, but he didn't get any pleasure. Instead, he was trapped by "feeling the time" and "hating parting", and finally he fidgeted and scratched his head frequently. Although the poet is only forty-five years old at this time, his hair is getting less and less because he is worried all the time, and he can't even insert a hair clasp. From the point of view of composition, this couplet unifies the two feelings of "feeling of time" and "hating farewell" expressed in front of it, and closes the whole article. The author chooses the subconscious action of scratching his hair, which turns the full sadness into a vivid image that can be seen and touched, naturally guides the reader into the artistic conception of the poem and produces a * * * sound.
The metrical form of this poem belongs to five-character style. The two antithetical couplets in the middle are antithetical sentences, and their parts of speech, structure and tone are even, very neat. Rhyme, depth, heart, gold and hairpin all belong to the Pingsheng invasion department. It is not harmonious to read in modern Mandarin, but the ancient sounds preserved from dialects are very harmonious to read. For example, in Hakka dialect, the word "Shen" is pronounced qim, "Xin" is pronounced sim, "Jin" is pronounced gim, "Chai" is pronounced zim, and the vowel is "-im", which shows that it is because of the sound change in ancient and modern times. The "Guo" in the first sentence of this poem is an ancient sound. Rushing "short and urgent episodes" is suitable for expressing anger and sadness. Therefore, the beginning of this poem sets the tone of depression, which is in tune with the sadness of "feeling the time" and "hating parting", and then produces a deep power to knock people's hearts.