1. Accounting policy change refers to the behavior of an enterprise to change from the original accounting policy to another accounting policy for the same transaction or event. Common changes in accounting policies include: changes in accounting treatment of bad debt losses between direct write-off method and allowance method, and changes in foreign currency conversion between current exchange rate method and time method or other methods.

Changes in accounting estimates refer to the revaluation and adjustment of the book value of assets or liabilities or the periodic consumption amount of assets due to the changes in the current situation of assets and liabilities and the expected future economic interests and obligations.

2. Changes in accounting estimates involve figures, such as changing the service life of fixed assets from 65,438+09 to 65,438+05, while changes in accounting policies are acts of changing the original accounting policy into another accounting policy, such as changing the short-term investment valuation method from cost method to the method of lower cost or market price.

3. According to the accounting confirmation, measurement basis and presentation items, the processing method adopted to obtain the amount or value (such as expected service life, net salvage value, etc.) related to the balance sheet items. ) is not a change in accounting policies, but a change in accounting estimates.

4. Take whether the presented project has changed as the judgment basis. Accounting Standards for Enterprises No.30-Presentation of Financial Statements stipulates the presentation principles of financial statement items. Generally speaking, the designation or selection of presentation items is accounting policy, and the corresponding change is accounting policy change.

Extended data:

Accounting treatment:

1. If an enterprise changes its accounting policy according to laws, administrative regulations or the unified accounting system of the state, it shall follow the relevant accounting regulations of the state.

2. If changes in accounting policies can provide more reliable and relevant accounting information, the retrospective adjustment method shall be adopted. The retrospective adjustment method refers to the method of changing the accounting policy for a transaction or event, which is regarded as adopting the changed accounting policy when the transaction or event occurs for the first time, and adjusting the relevant items in the financial statements accordingly.

3. If it is impossible to determine the impact of changes in accounting policies on the previous presentation period, the changed accounting policies should be applied from the earliest beginning and adjusted retrospectively.

If it is not feasible to determine the cumulative impact of accounting policy changes on previous periods at the beginning of the current period, the future applicable method should be adopted. The future application method refers to the method of applying the changed accounting policy to the transactions or events that occur after the change, or confirming the influence of the change of accounting estimates on the current and future periods.

Important accounting estimates

1. Determination of net realizable value of inventory.

2. Determination of fair value of investment real estate under fair value mode.

3. Expected service life and net salvage value of fixed assets; Depreciation method of fixed assets.

4. The expected service life and net salvage value of biological assets; Depreciation methods of various productive biological assets.

5. Estimated service life and net salvage value of intangible assets with limited service life.

6. If the recoverable amount is determined according to the net amount of the fair value of the asset group minus the disposal expenses, the net amount of the fair value minus the disposal expenses shall be determined.

The recoverable amount is determined according to the present value of the expected future cash flow of the asset group, and the expected future cash flow and its discount rate are determined.

7. Determination of the contract completion schedule.

8. Determination of the fair value of equity instruments.

9. Determination of the fair value of non-cash assets transferred in the debtor's debt restructuring, the fair value of debt-to-equity swap and the fair value of debt after modifying other debt conditions. Determination of the fair value of non-cash assets transferred, the fair value of creditor's rights converted into equity and the fair value of creditor's rights after modifying other debt conditions in debt restructuring.

10. Determine the best estimate of the initial measurement of estimated liabilities.

1 1. Determination of fair value of financial assets.

12. Lessee's allocation of unconfirmed financing costs; Allocation of unrealized financing income by lessor.

13. Find out the rights and interests of the mining area and the failure methods of wells and related facilities. Depreciation method of auxiliary equipment and facilities related to oil and gas exploitation activities.

14. Determination of fair value of enterprise merger cost under different controls.

15. Other important accounting estimates.

reference data

Baidu Encyclopedia-Accounting Policy Change

Baidu Encyclopedia-Changes in Accounting Estimates