The Institute of Management Accountants (IMA) is a leading international organization of management accountants, which has been committed to supporting accounting professionals within enterprises to promote the overall performance and performance of enterprises. IMA was founded in 19 19, and originated from the American Institute of Cost Accountants (NACA). It is headquartered in New Jersey, USA and has more than 65,000 members in 265 branches around the world. Internationally, as a founding member of COSO Committee and a major member of the International Federation of Accountants, IMA has participated in the most advanced practices in the fields of management accounting, internal planning and control of companies and risk management. In addition, IMA also plays a very important role in organizations such as the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).

The purpose of compiling this textbook is to help candidates understand some concepts and calculation methods mentioned in the Examination Outline for Certified Management Accountants (LOS) published by American Institute of Certified Management Accountants (ICMA). IMA is very grateful to the following experts for their support and efforts. Together with IMA staff, the following experts contributed to the publication of the third edition of this textbook.

Saurav Dutta, CMA, Associate Professor of new york State University (located in Albany, new york), former head of accounting department. He has published nearly 20 academic papers in various academic journals. He received his Ph.D. in Accounting from the University of Kansas, USA, and was awarded the Robert Baer Silver Medal because he ranked second in the total score in the CPA exam.

Tony Griffin, manager of accounting department of Dayton Aerospace Company, a senior consulting company, is committed to providing defense procurement and logistics support for government and industrial customers. Griffin has been actively supporting IMA-related activities and CMA certification exams. He is the chairman of the local IMA chapter, and organizes and presides over the CMA review course in Dayton, Ohio. Griffin is also an active promoter of CMA online review course, and he answers questions for CMA candidates around the world online.

Karen L. Jeter, CMA consultant, provides consulting services related to value-based business development. Before starting his own business, Jeter worked in a private company for more than 20 years and holds an accounting degree from Temple University in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Jeter wrote the book "Grow Your People, Grow Your Business"; She set up a creative ethics training system (named "Questioning Ethics"), which was specially established for smaller enterprises. Jeter is an assistant professor at Villanova University (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) who teaches CMA review courses.

Jan Kooiman holds a doctorate in business economics from the University of Amsterdam. Kooiman used to work in an accounting and auditing company, and later served as the chief financial officer (CFO) of an international company, and was a member of the board of directors of the company. Kooiman is a qualified six-sigma trainer with a transactional six-sigma black belt qualification. Kooiman is an assistant professor of finance, business and accounting at Webster and Leiden University in the Netherlands, teaching MBA courses in finance and management accounting. He is also the project manager and lecturer of CMA project of Amsterdam World Trade Center.

Lou Petro, CMA, CPA, CIA, CCP, CISA, CFE, CFM, PE, senior managers of a large fraud investigation company, served as consultants and auditors. Petro's professional fields include: fraud prevention and investigation, corporate finance, bankruptcy, information system audit, production and inventory control, internal control, cost accounting and management accounting. Petro also teaches auditing, systems, accounting and finance courses at colleges and universities in Michigan and Ontario.

Wan Peng, Chief Financial Officer, Professor of Finance and Director of MBA Program at Amherst College, Illinois. Wan is at the University of Illinois at Urbana? Champaign) obtained a doctorate in economics and obtained CFA qualification. Wan's articles on online investment and online banking were selected into Internet Encyclopedia and Information Security Manual. Wan has been teaching CMA refresher courses at Northern Illinois University since 2004.