2. The differences between the two sides began with the desire of Soviet leaders to control China. Stalin and Khrushchev both tried to control China. This attempt was naturally crushed by Comrade Mao Zedong, but during the honeymoon period between the two countries, this contradiction and difference was covered up.
3. Since the late 1950s, the differences between China and the Soviet Union have intensified, and the relations between the two countries have gradually cooled down. The reason for this is the following：
1)1In June, 1960, Khrushchev made a surprise attack on our country at the meeting of representatives of the production party and workers in socialist countries and at the meeting of representatives of the production party and workers in 5 1 country. In the attack, * * * is a "madman", and "wanting to start a world war" will only "mechanically repeat". The Chinese side waged a tit-for-tat struggle, stating that "our party only believes in the truth of Marxism-Leninism and will never yield to the wrong views that violate Marxism-Leninism", and retorted that if Lenin really comes out of the coffin and wrings our ears, we will be very happy, because it shows that we are not far from Lenin and he can still wring them, but some people are so far away from Lenin that I am afraid they can't even wring their ears.
2)1In July, 1960, Khrushchev unilaterally decided to withdraw all 1400 experts working in China within one month, tearing up hundreds of bilateral agreements and contracts, causing serious losses to China's economic construction. At the same time, provoke border disputes in Xinjiang. This is the first border conflict between China and the Soviet Union since the founding of New China. 1962, the Soviet Union took advantage of China's economic difficulties to create the "Ita Incident", which instigated more than 60,000 border residents from China to cross the border to the Soviet Union in Yili and Tacheng, Xinjiang. In this way, the differences between China and the Soviet Union have expanded from the ideology of both sides to the state relations.
3) 1964, at the initiative of China, the two sides held border negotiations in Beijing for half a year. At that time, there was a big debate mainly around the unequal treaties between China and Russia in history. China points out that although the current Sino-Soviet Border Treaty is an unequal treaty imposed on China by Russia when the Chinese and Russian people are in a helpless position, China is still prepared to solve the border issue on the basis of these treaties and sign a new treaty, and does not demand the recovery of China's cut-off territory of more than 6,543.8+0.5 million square kilometers. As for any party occupying the territory of the other party in violation of these treaties, it must be returned to the other party unconditionally in principle. However, the two sides can make necessary adjustments to these areas on the border according to the principle of equal consultation, mutual understanding and mutual accommodation and taking into account the interests of local residents. However, the Soviet side not only does not recognize the inequality of treaties, but also does not agree to solve the border issue only on the basis of treaties. In addition to treaty documents, putting forward "historical formation" and "actual guarding" is also the basis for solving border problems, that is, the so-called "three lines". In fact, this is asking China to recognize that the territory occupied by Russia and the Soviet Union in breach of contract belongs to the Soviet Union. China certainly can't agree. The Soviet side has always avoided calling this negotiation border negotiation, but called it "Sino-Soviet consultation on verifying the direction of the border line of individual lots." During this negotiation, the two sides also exchanged border maps marked with their own opinions, specifically discussed the border issue in the eastern section, and reached an agreement on the direction of the border line in most sections. However, due to the dispute between the two sides on the ownership of Heixiazi Island at the confluence of Heilongjiang and Wusuli rivers, the negotiations ended without results.
4) 1964 10 After Khrushchev stepped down, Chairman Mao sent a party and government delegation led by Premier Zhou to Moscow for talks with the new leaders of the Soviet Union. However, the new leader of the Soviet Union continued to adhere to Khrushchev's China policy. Malinowski, Minister of National Defense, even openly defied at the reception: "The reason why Sino-Soviet relations are not good is that Khrushchev and Mao Zedong are not good. We have got rid of Khrushchev, and you still want to get rid of Mao. " Premier Zhou immediately lodged a solemn protest with Brezhnev. Brezhnev thought Minister Malinowski was drunk. Premier Zhou retorted that this was "telling the truth after drinking". 165438+ 10/4, Premier Zhou returned to Beijing, and Chairman Mao made an exception to meet him at the airport. 1in March, 965, our party refused to participate in the consultation meeting of the production parties and workers' parties of various countries convened by the Soviet Union. 1March, 966, our party wrote back to Su * * *, saying that it would not attend the 23rd Congress of Su * * *. Since then, Sino-Soviet relations between the two parties have been interrupted.
5) In the mid-1960s, the Soviet Union sent more troops to the border areas and sent troops to Mongolia, which directly threatened China's security. From 65438 to 0969, the incidents of Zhenbao Island and Tielekti occurred one after another, and the two sides evolved from ideological cold war to border conflict hot war. In August of the same year, another bloody conflict occurred in Tieleketi, Yumin County, Xinjiang. At that time, the West revealed that Soviet leaders were considering a "surgical" nuclear strike against China. In response, the China government issued a statement, pointing out: "If a handful of war maniacs dare to attack China's strategic location in the world, it is war and that is aggression. The 700 million people in China will rise up and use revolutionary war to destroy the war of aggression. "