The foundation of capitalism is private ownership, and when the capitalists master the means of production, they gain the initiative and dominance of survival and development.
1, the capitalist production process is the exploitation process.
The production process of capitalism is the process of obtaining surplus storage value. Capitalists call the surplus value generated by extending the working day absolute surplus value. The production of absolute surplus value constitutes the general foundation of capitalist system and the starting point of relative surplus value production. On the contrary, the surplus value produced by shortening the necessary labor time and changing the proportion of the two components of the working day is called relative surplus value. The premise of this production process is to take the means of production owned by capitalists as capital and realize it through the periodic operation of this capital. Capitalists have mastered the means of production, not only the right to exist, but also the right to develop.
At the same time, capitalists can get more surplus value by shortening the cycle of capital operation and accelerating capital flow. All the surplus value created is occupied by capitalists, which not only expands the living space of capitalists, but also obtains the development space. Therefore, surplus value reveals the essence of capitalist system exploitation and also reflects the essence of capitalist system development.
Capitalism develops productivity in order to extract more fruits of labor.
The development of productive forces determines the development of human society. Different classes and social systems must develop productive forces in order to obtain their own survival and development. Therefore, the productive forces have no class. If capitalism wants to develop, it must develop productive forces, and large-scale machine production is the characteristic of capitalist mode of production. Machines have changed the original mode of social production and replaced the original tools. "Tools are simple machines, and machines are complex tools. Large-scale industries will integrate huge natural forces and natural sciences into the production process, which will inevitably greatly improve labor productivity. The machine does not create value, but it transfers its own value to the products it produces. As long as the machine has value, so as to transfer the value to the product, it is an integral part of the product value. Machines do not make products cheaper, but use the value of machines to make products more expensive. " (Chapter 13 of Das Kapital: Machines and Big Industries) Changes in the mode of production in one industrial sector will inevitably lead to changes in the mode of production in other sectors.
"Capitalist production has developed technology and combination in the process of social production only because it has destroyed the source of all wealth-land and workers. Any progress in capitalist agriculture is not only the technological progress of plundering laborers, but also the technological progress of plundering land. Any progress that improves land fertility in a certain period of time is also progress that destroys the lasting source of land fertility. " (Das Kapital, Chapter 13, Machines and Big Industries)
3. The process of capital speculation is the process of wealth plunder.
As a special commodity among universal equivalents, money acts as the circulation function of society, and it completes a social material transformation in the exchange process. The price of goods should reflect the value of goods, but in the process of using money as capital, "firstly, the price of goods changes inversely with the value of money, and then the number of circulation means changes directly with the price of goods". Money itself does not create wealth in the process of circulation, but under the capitalist system, the result of the initial conversion of money into capital is that the products of labor belong to capitalists, not workers. Therefore, monetary capital has gained surplus value space for capitalists in the process of speculation.
There are three types of social wealth: A, B and C. The value of each wealth is W, the price of wealth is expressed by money Q, and the value of each wealth is 100Q, so the total social wealth is: A+B+C = 3W = 300Q. Assume that capitalists have mastered 80% of the total social wealth, while workers only have 20% of the wealth, namely:
The social wealth owned by laborers is: 300Q× 20% = 60Q.
The social wealth owned by capitalists is: 300Q× 80% = 240Q.
The wealth difference between capitalists and workers is: 240Q-60Q = 180Q.
Now, capital holders should speculate on social wealth, assuming that each speculation will double the price of a wealth, and speculate on wealth A, B and C respectively to complete a cycle:
After speculation, the wealth difference between capitalists and workers is:
1400 q×80%- 1400 q×20% = 840 q
After a round of speculation, it is not simply the multiple expansion of the price and currency difference, but because the original labor products belong to ... >; & gt
Question 2: What is the essence of capitalism? The essence of capitalism is capital, and the vitality of capital is profit (making money). Profit is realized under the banner of democracy, fairness, freedom, equality and mutual exchange of goods, and goods are all in capitalist society-almost everything is goods, and almost everything can be exchanged as long as they are willing to each other. In the commodity exchange market, the exchange of equal value is fair, the exchange between you and me is equal, and it is your freedom to "not" force and love to change or not.
Question 3: What is the essence of capitalist credit? legal terminology
Question 4: What is the essence of capitalist society? The essence of capitalism is to extract the surplus value of workers. This is what a horse said. But I think this is a lie! I pay to build a factory, I pay to buy the means of production, and I pay to hire people. Later, I earned some money and squeezed the surplus value of the workers … I felt that there was something wrong with Ma's worldview …
Question 5: What is the essential difference between socialism and capitalism? The ownership of the means of production is the most essential difference. Socialism is public ownership, that is, most of the means of production are owned by the people of the whole country. Capitalism is private ownership, that is, the means of production are owned by individuals
Question 6: What is the capitalist democratic system and its essence? The capitalist democratic system developed with the capitalist mode of production. With the development of the capitalist mode of production, in the struggle against feudal absolutism, the bourgeoisie put forward political ideas that are in line with its own interests and requirements, such as "* * * for the people", "natural human rights", "separation of powers and checks and balances", "social contract theory" and "freedom, equality and fraternity", and established a capitalist democratic country under the guidance of these ideas. Capitalist democratic countries grant people certain rights and freedoms, such as election, speech, publication, * * *, association, * * * *, and free migration, without endangering the security of capitalist countries and the fundamental interests of the bourgeoisie.
In essence, the capitalist political system is the means and way for the bourgeoisie to carry out political rule and social management, and it serves the bourgeois dictatorship, so it inevitably has its historical limitations and class limitations. First, capitalist democracy is a democracy manipulated by money, in fact, it is a democracy ruled by bourgeois elites. Democracy is concrete and relative, not abstract and absolute. The essence, content and form of any kind of democracy are determined by a specific social system and develop with the development of economy and culture. Capitalist democratic system is based on capitalist private ownership, which is essentially a means and way for the bourgeoisie to carry out political rule and social management, and serves the bourgeois dictatorship. It inevitably has class and historical limitations. Election is an important form of capitalist political system, but it is often influenced and manipulated by money, media, black forces and consortia. In the actual election process, in order to gain the understanding and support of voters, candidates often have to pay huge campaign funds, which ordinary citizens simply can't afford, and only big consortia can afford it. In fact, the election in the capitalist political system is a game for the rich and a process in which capital plays with public opinion. Secondly, the legal equality in name conceals the inequality in fact. The bourgeoisie nominally flaunts that "everyone is equal before the law". However, because capitalist society is based on private ownership and capital privilege, there are serious inequalities between capitalists and workers, and between the rich and the poor. The essence of bourgeois law is to legalize the inequality of economic interests between capitalists and laborers and between the rich and the poor. Third, the political party system in capitalist countries is a political system to safeguard bourgeois rule. On the surface, the capitalist two-party system or multi-party system allows the working class and its political parties to participate in the political life of the country. Even in countries where Marxist political parties are relatively strong, Marxist political parties and bourgeois political parties will jointly govern. However, the participation of Marxist political parties in politics is bound to be restricted by the capitalist nature of state power, and it is impossible for state power to truly safeguard the interests of the working class because of the participation of Marxist political parties. Therefore, the multi-party system in capitalist countries is essentially still a political mechanism for the bourgeoisie to choose its own national managers and realize the balance of internal interests.
We should adhere to the attitude and method of dialectical criticism of the capitalist political system. Due to the long-term struggle of the people and the accumulated experience of the bourgeoisie in long-term political rule, there will be some contents in its political system that conform to the general laws of political rule and social management, which can be used for reference. However, because the capitalist political system essentially serves the interests of the bourgeoisie and is a political tool subordinate to the needs of bourgeois rule and oppression, there is a profound bourgeois class brand and class prejudice in the theory, viewpoint, position and method of the construction and implementation of the political system. We should analyze and criticize this and deeply understand its class essence as a tool of bourgeois political rule.