Several standardized art forms of ancient European stone beam-column structures are the basis of western classical architecture. Including the thickness and height of the column body, the upper eaves of the column and the artistic form of the base under the column. Mature columns, such as those in Greek architecture, have a general regulation on the proportion of each part, and their characteristics are very distinctive. Different columns determine the artistic style of architecture to a certain extent.
Doric column is one of the two basic columns in ancient Greek architecture. It reached maturity in the middle of the 5th century BC. Its main feature is that there is no column base, the column is directly placed on the abutment, the height of the column is 4-6 times the diameter of the column, the column body is engraved with vertical parallel grooves (generally 16-20), and the stigma is composed of squares and disks without any decoration. Its shape is strong and powerful, giving people a deep and resolute feeling, close to the beauty of men's bodies.
Ionian order is also translated as "Ionian order" One of the two most basic pillars in ancient Greek architecture, which is roughly the same as the Doric pillar in the mature period. Its main feature is that it has a column foundation, and there are a pair of scrolls before and after the stigma. The ratio of column height to column diameter increases, and the groove of column body also increases, giving people a soft feeling, which is close to the beauty of female body.
Corinthian order The third order of ancient Greek architecture was developed on the basis of Ionian order. Its stigma is carved with buttercup leaves, which is very gorgeous, and the other parts are the same as Ionian columns. This pillar was produced in the second half of the 5th century BC.