Su Shi (1037—110/), a great writer in the Northern Song Dynasty, was born in Meishan, Sichuan (now meishan county, Sichuan). Born in an educated family, his father Su Xun has a long history, and his mother can teach him to read Hanshu. When I was a teenager, I was very concerned about social customs and political measures of the imperial court. I hope to inherit the career of Fan Zhongyan and Ouyang Xiu and make a difference in politics. He was brilliant in his youth, with extensive historical and cultural knowledge and various artistic talents. In the second year of Song Renzong Jiayou (1057), he was admitted as a scholar. By Ouyang Xiu, Mei and others. At the end of Song Renzong's reign, he made a policy to the imperial court, that is, to ask miscellaneous people about the professional policy of the library, and put forward some ideas, such as strictly prohibiting laws, restraining fluky psychology, absolutely covering up, and teaching to defend the war. It is required to "make every effort to govern, supervise hundreds of officials, and make a decisive decision." Showing statesmanship requires reform. Due to the limitation of Su Shi's life and status, his reform emphasized "employing people" and neglected the reform of "legal system", especially the measures against radicalism. When Wang Anshi implemented a new law to crack down on the merger of powerful countries in the early years of Zongshen, he wrote a letter of opposition. Requesting foreign service, he left Beijing to be a general judge in Hangzhou. Later, it was placed in Mizhou (now Zhucheng County, Shandong Province), Xuzhou (now Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province) and Huzhou (now Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province). In the second year of Yuanfeng (1079), he was arrested and imprisoned for writing poems satirizing the new law. This is the so-called "Wutai Poetry Case". After he was released from prison, he was appointed as the deputy envoy of Huangzhou Yingyong. In order to make a living, he farmed in the east of Laoying, the county seat, calling himself Dongpo lay man. Huangzhou is located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, and the three towns of Wuhan are in the west. Countless heroes in history fought political and military struggles here. Inspired by mountains and heroes. Su Shi wrote famous essays and ci chapters: Red Cliff Fu, Red Cliff Fu, Niannujiao, Red Cliff Nostalgia and so on. Song Zhezong acceded to the throne, the so-called once every emperor was a courtier, the old party Sima Guang was in power, and Su Shi was recalled to Beijing as a bachelor of Hanlin. At this time, Sima Guang and other old parties wanted to abolish the new law. Su Shi weighed the pros and cons, advocated that the new law should "learn from the strengths of the school", and opposed the ruling ministers' willful actions, which attracted the attacks of the Cheng Yi faction of the old party. As a last resort, I was appointed as the magistrate of Hangzhou and other places. Shao Shengyuan (1094), the new party came to power again, and Su Shi was demoted to Huizhou in Lingnan and Qiongzhou in Hainan. Song Huizong acceded to the throne (1 100), and returned to the mainland from the wilderness of the ends of the earth because of amnesty. He died in Changzhou (now Changzhou City, Zhejiang Province) in July of the following year. He wrote more than 100 volumes of Complete Works of Dongpo in his life, leaving more than 2,700 poems, more than 300 words and many beautiful essays.

Su Shi's life-long thought combines Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism. I have admired Jia Yi and Lu Zhi all my life. Politically, I started from Confucianism and rejected the heresies of Taoism, Laozi and Zhuangzi. However, he likes to read articles in Zhuangzi, and Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi's thought of "governing by doing nothing" is consistent with his proposition that "things are easy to succeed because of the law, but people are not surprised when they happen". He also likes to associate with monks and practice Buddhism. In life, if you think you are "swimming outside things", then you are "unhappy at everything". Listen to what it does. Don't argue with it. It shows the free and easy outlook on life of Buddhism and Taoism. However, the real life attitude of Confucianism influenced his active life. Although he was hit and ostracized in his political career and repeatedly relegated, he was never negative and decadent. Do the best you can. In the fields of literature, calligraphy, painting and other arts, he tirelessly pursued progress. Although he is poor, he is not down and out, and he is squeezed and unyielding. Although he is old, he "can't see the spirit of the old man." This open-minded mind is manifested in literary creation, forming a charming and unrestrained style.

Su Shi's prose is as famous as Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan and Ouyang Xiu. It is one of the "Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties". His political theory, tactics, strategies and decisions were based on the political ideals of Confucianism, widely quoted historical facts, demonstrated the fundamental problems of feudal society at that time and put forward his own countermeasures. He believes: "Today's suffering. Those who are awesome outside are in the west and in the north, and those who are awesome inside are the people of the Son of Heaven. Xirong Beihu didn't think that China had something on his mind, and his movement also had the curse of summoning animals. The people inside do have the power of life and death, but they can't be immune to it, and their development will be changed outside. " Based on his understanding of the political situation at that time, he advocated the policy of leniency to connect the upper and lower feelings; Foreign countries advocate "being in an invincible position first and waiting for the enemy to win" in order to gain the initiative in the struggle against the enemy. His historical papers Lun and Lun Hou are another form of expression. On Wang Ping's opposition to moving the capital to avoid bandits, which played a positive role in politics. Due to various limitations, Su Shi's early policy and historical comments are mostly vague, which also shows his political conservative attitude. "Persuade pro-Mu" advocates restoring small clans to persuade people to pro-Mu; On Wu Wang's view of the Tang-Wu Revolution as a non-saint: Shang Yang's theory that Shang Yang's political reform is a technique to break the country and destroy the family is a scholar's opinion, and its ideological content is not very desirable. However, in writing, he is good at random hair growth and surprise somersault, which is quite useful for examiners and has always been a stepping stone for examiners. At that time, the reader's mantra was: "Su Wen is cooked and eats mutton; Su Wensheng, eat vegetable soup. " Due to Su Shi's experience in political struggle, during the years of Yuanhu and Shaosheng, he wrote notes on specific political issues, such as "On the Ghost Catching of Western Qiang Xia People" and "Playing the First Disaster in Western Zhejiang", which appropriately changed the habit of empty talk divorced from reality.

Su Shi's letters, miscellaneous notes, miscellaneous words and essays are mostly mixed with narration and discussion, which not only reveals the writer's mind, but also expresses his views and pursuits on life and art, and his achievements far exceed his political essays. In "The Story of God", the monk only painted a portrait of Ceng Lu, which was not very similar at first. After careful observation, Yumei added three lines, which are very realistic, indicating the importance of real details to convey the expressions of characters. "After Painting in Wu Daozi" said that the painter should "innovate in statutes, and send out fantastic ideas in bold and unconstrained". In other words, we should not only master the laws of art, but also be free from the constraints of laws, create and innovate. In addition to the boldness of pen and ink, it also shows a certain depth of thought, which is the so-called "mystery." Although as far as painting is concerned, other art categories are not, and it is still enlightening. When I was in Huangzhou, I wrote Answering the Book of Qin Taixu and Answering Uncle Li Duan. When I was in Huizhou, I wrote Answering the Reference Book, talking about life, literature and art, and talking about my state of mind in exile. They are all very kind and have good taste. Language and writing are not pretentious. He not only got rid of the style of ci writers since the Han and Wei Dynasties, but also avoided the reserved habits of Han Yu and other ancient writers, and tried his best to express his opinions and exaggerate vulgarity. Su Shi's Story of Writing and Painting Bamboo tells the artistic view that painting bamboo must come before chest, and at the same time reviews the friendship with writing, showing the frank and interesting character between literati. The full text is only 700 words, with poems, poems, letters, narratives and arguments. This article seems rambling and irrelevant. However, the theme of expressing the close friendship between the author and the text and the deep mourning for the old friend runs through the whole article, scattered in form without caring about meaning. His famous poem "Fu on the Red Wall" expresses the beauty of mountains and rivers in poetic language, and deeply regrets the historical heroes of Battle of Red Cliffs. In fact, Zhou Yu defeated Cao Cao's Red Cliff in the northeast of Jiayu County, Hubei Province on the south bank of the Yangtze River. It is not the same place as Su Shi's Red Cliff Collection. Su Shi traveled the Yangtze River, imagined things, and explored the philosophy of cosmic life through the metaphor of subject and object, water and moon: "If we look at its own changes, heaven and earth can't be in an instant; From its constant point of view, things are infinite. " It shows Su Shi's contradiction and depressed mood when he was frustrated politically. However, when he observed the life of the universe with the thought of Buddhism of Laozi and Zhuangzi, he was suddenly enlightened and showed a broad-minded and free-spirited attitude towards life. The subject and object in Fu actually represent two aspects of Su Shi's thought. Although he followed the practice of "restraining guests and praising the Lord" since Han Fu, it is more like a wonderful prose poem in both content and form, getting rid of the rigid syntax and the style of Qi Liang Lian Li. Hou Chi Bi Fu and Chi Bi Fu are both famous works of Su Shi. The last time I went to Chibi was in the early autumn and July of the fifth year of Yuanfeng. The last time I went to Chibi was in early winter, in October of the same year. Last time I went to Chibi, my activities were limited to the boat. Although "Red Cliff Fu" also describes the scenery on the river, its main content is metaphysics and reason. Last time I went to Chibi, my main activity was on the riverbank. Fu on the Back of Chibi was mainly about narration and scenery writing. "The sound of the river, the broken shore of thousands of feet, the high mountains and the small moon, the truth is clear." Natural syntax and good scenery. The dream at the end of the article is unexpected and reasonable, adding a hazy romantic color to the landscape.

Biography of Shi Zhongshan is a famous masterpiece created by Su Shi. Shi Zhongshan is located on the east bank of Poyang Lake in Hukou County, Jiangxi Province. It includes two parts. Part of it is in the south of the county, called "Upper Zhongshan"; Part of it is in the north of the county, called "Xiazhong Mountain". It is about 1 li from the county seat, about 600 feet high, and about 10 li in Fiona Fang. This article by Su Shi mainly researches the origin of the name "Shi Zhongshan". First put forward Li Daoyuan and Li Bo's statement, thinking that there are doubts, and at the same time refute it. Then I wrote about my field trip on a moonlit night, and found that there were many caves in the water near Shi Zhongshan, and there were "inflatable" boulders flowing in it. The waves rushed into the cave and sounded like bells. Su Shi believes that this is the real reason why Shi Zhongshan is famous for its bells. And extended the argument, emphasizing that to judge anything, we must "hear and see" and make an in-depth investigation before we can draw a conclusion. This is correct.

Su Shi's poems have a wide range of themes and diverse styles. He experienced from Renzong to Hui Zong in the Five Dynasties, and his footprints were almost all over the important counties in China at that time, as far away as the northwest and Hainan. Prosperity, adversity, honor, disgrace, misfortune, poverty, gains and losses are all in one. He regards writing poetry as his daily homework and insists on writing whenever and wherever he is until he is old. Caring for the national economy and people's livelihood and sympathizing with the sufferings of the people are important contents of Su Shi's poems. He attached importance to the social function of literature and advocated that "poetry should do something", so he wrote many sad songs for the benefit of the people. "West Lake in Xuzhou" accuses local officials of opening the lake for a spring outing, disregarding successive years of famine and treating the people as greedy and contemptuous. "Send Huang's Zhejiang Fairy": "Alas, the people of Wu and Yue have been swallowed by the rivers and lakes for a long time. The official is not satisfied with Li Yuan. " Criticize the dark reality that the government spends money like water and the people are in poverty. When he was in Fengxiang, he wrote that "He Zi was taught by Wen Zi, just like studying in Xitang of Taiping Palace in the south", exposing the disaster caused by the imperial court apportioning the corvee to the people. When I was in Hangzhou, I wrote a poem entitled "The prisoners in Du Zhi Hall are full at night and can't come back to my house at dusk", which expressed sympathy for the poor people who are trapped in prison by selling salt for a living. When he was demoted to Huangzhou, he wrote "Wuqinxi Ci" and "Fish Man Zi", accusing the cruelty of land rent exploitation through the mouth of farmers and fishermen crossing the river. Litchi Tan was written when he was relegated to Huizhou, accusing Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty and Yang Guifei of their sins, and criticizing the powerful people of the current dynasty for "seeking novelty and buying favor" with the blood and sweat of the people.

Some of Su Shi's political satirical poems criticize the disadvantages of the times and sympathize with the sufferings of the people, often mixed with dissatisfaction with Wang Anshi's new law, thus offending the powerful ministers. The "five wonders of mountain villages" are aimed at salt law and young crops law. , mocking state affairs:

Fog and rain, the sound of chickens and dogs, there is no peace of mind. However, Huang Dui was not respected, and Bu Lao also advised him to plow.

At that time, salt smugglers often carried knives and sticks, so this poem took Gong Sui, a man in the Western Han Dynasty, as an example, selling knives to buy cows and calves, mocking the salt method for being too hasty. Some poems exaggerate the disadvantages of the new law and are biased. However, his poems, such as Carboniferous Period and Dalu Reclamation, involve social issues, showing concern for state affairs and people's feelings, which is also commendable.

Su Shi's landscape poems and philosophical poems derived from them are the most popular and have high artistic value. These poems are also from "The Help of Jiangshan". Wherever he went, the wonders of mountains and rivers, the wonders of the Three Gorges, the magnificence of the Yangtze River, the charm of the West Lake, the frenzy of Qiantang, the begonia in the north, the litchi in Nanling, the Lizhai in Danzhou, the vegetation and human feelings were all written in his poems. It constitutes a unique and novel image and realm. Drinking the rain after Chu Qing on the lake;

The water is bright and sunny, and the mountains are cloudy and rainy. If there are more dead beauties in the West Lake, C+ is so appropriate.

Su Shi wrote about the West Lake, with sunny and rainy days. Using anthropomorphic techniques, comparing the West Lake to a stone has far-reaching artistic conception. Therefore, later generations called the West Lake Xizi Lake. Su Shi worked in Hangzhou twice. Every time I visit the mountains and rivers in the south of the Yangtze River, I must write poems, such as "Visit Jinshan Temple", "Night View of Wanghai Tower" and "Drunk Book of Wanghu Tower". The night in the Yangtze River, the clear rain in the south of the Yangtze River and the scenery of the West Lake all left beautiful and moving images in Su Shi's works. In Mizhou, Pengcheng, Jiaodong and other places, his poems, such as Deng Changshan's Beautiful Pavilion, Hundred Steps of Flood, and Deng Zhouhai's Poems, depict the scenic spots and local scenery north of the Yangtze River, which is unforgettable. When you are far away from Huizhou and Danzhou, you can not only reproduce the Lingnan customs with great interest, but also express your philosophical interest in the scenery. To Liu Jingwen:

Lotus didn't shelter from the rain, and chrysanthemum only had Ao Shuang branches. Good years must be remembered, when it was orange, yellow and green.

The poem uses different images and colors of four kinds of flowers and trees: lotus, chrysanthemum, orange and orange. Summarizing the temporal and spatial changes in autumn and winter implies the preciousness of time and life and warns people to cherish the beautiful years. The song is wonderful, euphemistic, fresh and lovely. The philosophical poem Tixilinbi is rich in images, incisive and natural, and full of rational interest;

The statue of Su Shi in meishan county, Sichuan, looks like a mountain peak on one side of the ridge, with different heights. I can't recognize the true face of Lushan Mountain because I am there.

By writing about the feelings of sightseeing in the mountains, it is explained that there is only detachment from the outside world. See the whole truth. The successful results of the two poems or metaphors of Qin Dynasty, Sizhou Sangha Pagoda and Xi depend on the unity of subject and object, or show that the changes in nature are not dominated by gods. Integrate the profound philosophy of life into the image and win with whimsy. Mianchi Huaizi: "What is life like everywhere? It should be like Hong Fei stepping through the snow. I accidentally left my fingers and claws in the mud, and Hong Fei was counting things. " A poem like this "life is like a swallow's paw mud" has an immediate implication, which is a mixture of reason and reason. The meaning is self-evident, and emotion, scenery and reason are organically unified, with endless implications. Su Shi's creation opened up a new era of philosophical poetry.

Su Shi's poems are based on prose, with extraordinary artistic creativity, rich imagination and novel and appropriate metaphors. Interesting. He is good at everything, especially the seven words. Two rhymes give an old poem;

When spring comes, you will never return to Hong unless you win again. I hope the teacher is really like the moon, and no one will meet him in the urn.

The poet uses the image of spring returning to red and winning the old path of cattle to describe the vagaries of life, which is vivid, profound and popular. I wish the teacher Mingyue shines all over the world, and people meet the teacher in front of the water tank. Here, people, the moon and water transform and reflect each other, and through the cyclic switching process of the spatial positions of people and things, associations are generated and metaphors are formed. Therefore, it is not only unexpected, but also reasonable to pin on the deep friendship with Mr. Fazhi. It's really unique and amazing.

Su Shi not only made great artistic achievements in poetry and prose creation, but also showed superb artistic creativity in ci creation. He broke through the frame of writing the thoughts of love and parting between men and women, expanded the theme of poetry and improved the artistic conception of poetry. Nostalgia, nostalgia, travel, reasoning, scenery, objects and all other themes can be expressed in words. Su Shi's Creative Achievement of "Poetry as Ci". It makes ci get rid of the state of being only the lyrics of music and become an independent new poetic style. "Jiangchengzi Mizhou Hunting" is about his ambition to make great contributions to the country's killing of the enemy, inspired by hunting.

I've been talking about juvenile madness, pulling yellow on the left, holding pale on the right, wearing a gold hat and mink fur, riding a thousand troops to roll flat hills. In order to repay the people of the whole city for following my generous hunting proposal, I will shoot this tiger myself like Sun Quan.

It doesn't matter if the chest is still open and the temple is slightly frosted after drinking wine. When will the emperor send someone down, like Emperor Han sent Feng Tang to the cloud to pardon Shang Wei? I will make my strength as full as the full moon, full as the full moon, heading northwest and shooting at the team in West Xia Jun.

Su Shi was dissatisfied with the flashy and kitsch atmosphere of ci poetry, and set up a new door outside Liu Yong and graceful ci poetry school, becoming an outstanding pioneer of wild ci poetry school in Song Dynasty. The most representative of the uninhibited ci style is Niannujiao Chibi Nostalgia;

The surging river flows eastward, and those heroes of the past are gone forever. To the west of the old camp, people say it's the War of the Three Kingdoms, Battle of Red Cliffs. The steep rock wall, like thunder waves lapping against the river bank, waves like rolling up thousands of snow. The majestic rivers and mountains are picturesque, and many heroes emerge at once. Looking back on Zhou Yu's spring breeze era, young and beautiful Joe just married him, and he was full of heroic spirit. Feather fan nylon scarf, laughing and laughing, strong ashes. I am wandering in the battlefield today. I feel a feeling heart and give birth to white hair prematurely. Life is like a dream, and a bottle returns to the moon.

This word is oriented to the Yangtze River, imagining ancient heroes and lamenting their own frustration. It is grand and bold. The last film is about Red Cliff, that is, the scenery, which is the best. In the next film, I thought of Zhou Yu, because that scene was bold and beautiful, which showed the true colors of heroes. Set off the self and express the sigh of life experience. At the end, "Life is like a dream" seems decadent, but it is really a grievance and an angry word. There is also a masterpiece "When is the Bright Moon" that expresses the bold style of ci:

When did the moon begin to appear? Ask heaven for wine. I don't know about palaces in the sky. What year is tonight? I'm willing to ride the wind to the sky, I'm afraid I can't stand the cold for nine days in a pavilion of fine jade. Dance and enjoy the shadow of the moon, which is in the world.

The moon turned into a scarlet pavilion, hanging low on the carved window, shining on the sleepy self. The moon should not have any resentment against people. Why is it round when people are gone? People are sad and happy, and they are separated and reunited. The moon has yin and yang, and there are gains and losses. Nothing is perfect, even in the past. I hope people will live for a long time and have a good scenery thousands of miles away.

This word, fantasy Qionglou Yuyu's "It's too cold at the top", is unconstrained and unconstrained, absurd, falling from the sky, free and easy, facing reality, understanding life and loving life. Have the ideal color. There is no lack of realistic foundation, and it is worthy of being the eternal swan song of Mid-Autumn Festival Ci.

Su Shi's ci has various styles, and there are also many touching works. Jiang's diary "Dream on the 20th day of the first month";

Ten years of life and death are two boundless, disapproving and unforgettable. A lonely grave thousands of miles away, desolate and nowhere to talk about. Even if we don't know each other, our faces are dusty and our temples are frosty.

At night, I suddenly dreamed of going home, and the window of Xiao Xuan was being decorated. Care for each other without words, only a thousand lines of tears, it is expected that heartbroken every year, on the moonlit night, short pine hills.

This is the first elegy in the Song Dynasty. The word Su Shi was written in memory of his wife Wang Fu. Deep and graceful feelings, touching thoughts. The love between children is between the lines. And "recent love" is elegant and colorful:

Flowers fade, red apricots are small, swallows come and people walk around in the green water. There are few willows blowing on the branches, but there are many herbs in the sea. Swing in the outer wall of the road, laity in the wall, beautiful woman laughing in the wall. Laughter dies in silence, but passion is mercilessly annoyed.

This word is written about beautiful women laughing and slapping, which inadvertently evokes the spring thoughts of the layman on the wall and stops to express them, but annoys the originally ruthless beauty. Charming amorous feelings, unique dignified and honest pen in twists and turns. As He Shang, a man of the dynasty, said, "This style makes seventeen or eighteen girls sing, so it is under the' small wind and the waning moon'!"