Ion exchange resin is mainly composed of polymer skeleton and active groups. Polymer skeleton is an inert network structure skeleton, which is a polymer substance insoluble in acid or alkali. The commonly used ion exchange resin is the resin skeleton obtained by polymerization of styrene and divinylbenzene.

It consists of functional group ions which can't move freely and exchangeable ions which can move freely. Exchangeable ions can determine the ions adsorbed by the resin. For example, if the exchangeable ions are H-type cation exchange resins, then the ions that can be adsorbed by the resins are H-type cations, and the functional group ions can determine the "acid-base" properties and exchange capacity of the resins. For example, the functional ion is a strong acid ion, so the resin is a strong acid ion exchange resin.

Internal structure of ion exchange resin:

1. Gel resin is formed by polycondensation or polymerization of pure monomer mixture, and its structure is microporous. The synthesis process is relatively simple, and the pore size is about 1-2nm. Gel resin has strong operation ability, high water yield, good physical strength and high regeneration efficiency, and is widely used in food and beverage processing, ultra-pure water preparation, drinking water filtration, hard water softening, sugar industry and so on.

2. The pore size of macroporous resin is generally around 10nm, which is relatively large in resin, so it is called macroporous resin, and the pore size will not change with the surrounding environment, which can make up for the shortcoming that gel resin can not be used in non-aqueous system. It has strong adsorption capacity, is not easy to break, has good oxidation resistance and high operating capacity, and can be used in the medical field to remove heavy metal pollution, purify drugs, and remove carbonic acid hardness in water treatment.

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