1. Different morphological and structural characteristics.
In terms of plants, the simplest plants have only one cell (such as Chlorella and Chlamydomonas), from single cell to multicellular, from multicellular filamentous body to leaflike body, and finally become green flowering plants with roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds. Structurally speaking, plants have four levels: cells, tissues, organs and plants. According to the difference of plant morphology and structure, plant groups are usually divided into algae, bryophytes, ferns, gymnosperms and angiosperms. In terms of animals, the simplest animals are also composed of one cell (such as paramecium and amoeba). With the evolution process, from unicellular protozoa to multicellular coelenterates, to the division and division of animal bodies, and then to the division of bodies into higher animals such as head, neck, trunk, limbs and tail. On the structural level, the animal body is divided into five levels: cells, tissues, organs, systems and animal bodies. Animals can be divided into invertebrates and vertebrates. Invertebrates are usually divided into protozoa, coelenterates, flatworms, linear animals, annelids, mollusks, arthropods and echinoderms. Vertebrates are usually divided into fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals.
2. Different breeding methods.
The propagation modes of plants include vegetative propagation, spore propagation and seed propagation; Animal reproductive modes include division, oviparous, ovoviviparous and viviparous lactation.
3. The composition of cell structure is different.
Plant cells have cell walls in their structures, while animal cells have no cell walls. Most plant cells have vacuoles, while most animal cells do not. There are chloroplasts in plant cells, which contain chlorophyll and can carry out photosynthesis; There are no chloroplasts in animal cells, but there are centrosomes in animal cells, which are related to the mitosis of animal cells. Only lower plants have centrosomes.
4. Different types of metabolism
There are chloroplasts in the cells of plants, which can use light energy for photosynthesis, and use inorganic substances such as water and carbon dioxide in the external environment to transform them into organic substances and release oxygen to store energy. This metabolic type belongs to autotrophic type; Photosynthesis is the most basic material metabolism and energy metabolism in biology, which is of great significance in the whole biology and even the whole nature. Animals generally don't have chloroplasts, so they can't carry out photosynthesis and can't directly use inorganic substances to make organic matter. They can only absorb ready-made organic substances and nutrients from the outside world, turn them into their own components and store energy. This metabolic type belongs to heterotrophic type.
5. Different positions in the nutritional structure of the ecosystem.
In the ecosystem, plants are producers, and the total energy flowing through the ecosystem is all the solar energy fixed by the producers. People compare the green plants on the earth to a huge "green factory". Human and animal food comes directly or indirectly from organic matter produced by photosynthesis. Animals are consumers in the ecosystem, directly or indirectly feeding on plants. In the ecosystem, if there is no photosynthesis of plants, the creatures inside can't survive.
6. The role of maintaining the balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is different.
Plants carry out photosynthesis, absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen; The contents of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are basically stable, so green plants can become "automatic air purifiers". On the other hand, animals inhale oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide.
7. Waste is discharged in different ways.
Animals and people excrete wastes from their bodies in various ways, such as sweating, exhaling gas, urinating, etc., and can excrete metabolic end products from their bodies, which is called excretion. In addition, animals can excrete undigested food residues through anus and anus, which is called excretion. Plants also produce waste, and dead branches and leaves can take away part of the waste in the body.
8. Different sensitivity to pressure.
Animals are sensitive to external stimuli. Single-celled animals are realized by the cells themselves or special structures in cells, such as paramecium and euglena. Coelenterates accomplish this through neural network, which is the most primitive nervous system. Most animals respond to external stimuli through nervous system, including ladder nervous system and chain nervous system. The nervous system of higher vertebrates consists of three parts. Namely central nervous system, peripheral nervous system and sensory organs. It can be seen that the response of animals to external stimuli is completed by a very perfect structure. Therefore, the stress of animals is very sensitive, and they can perceive cold and hot pain, taste all kinds of ups and downs, and behave in various forms in action, such as swimming, running, climbing, jumping, running and flying. Plants react slowly to external stimuli, only a few of them are like mimosa. The reaction mechanism is different from that of animals, and the reaction mechanism is more complicated. Unlike animals, which are completed by special structures, some of them are still under discussion.