2。 In the third paragraph, the author uses the methods of comparison and metaphor to make readers have a clear understanding of the layout characteristics of Suzhou gardens.
1。 At the beginning of the article, it is used as a method of comparison. Compared with other local gardens, Suzhou Garden is a specimen of other local gardens.
2。 In the third paragraph, the author uses the methods of comparison and metaphor to make readers have a clear understanding of the layout characteristics of Suzhou gardens. Comparison:
Most of the buildings in China, from ancient palaces to modern ordinary houses, are symmetrical, no matter what the left side is, so is the right side. Suzhou gardens are by no means symmetrical.
Unlike Beijing, Suzhou gardens rarely use paintings.
Citation: Using the methods of comparison, analogy, examples, representation, etc., it shows that Suzhou gardens are beautiful and emphasize the interest of nature. ... express things in a measured way, leaving room, such as ponds, swamps and gardens in Suzhou. ......
When tourists come to the garden, no one doesn't think of saying "picturesque person" verbally. Digital column
contrast
For example.
take for example
Imitate appearance
means of interpretation
Common interpretation methods
There are 10 common interpretation methods, such as citing examples, classifying, enumerating data, comparing, drawing charts, defining, explaining, analogizing, imitating appearances, quoting data, etc. When writing an explanatory article, we should choose the best method according to the characteristics of the explanatory object and the purpose of writing. The following are explained separately.
(1) example. Cite practical examples to explain things, make the things to be explained specific and make readers understand. This interpretation method is called example method. For example:
Most people always think that when they are old, their memory ability must be poor. Actually, it's not. Please look at the experimental results: The International Linguistic Society made a comparison between young people aged 9 to 18 and adults over 35 when learning Esperanto, and found that the former was not as good as the latter in memory. This is because adults have rich knowledge and experience, and it is easy to establish extensive contacts on the basis of existing knowledge. This connection is called "association" in psychology. People's memory is based on association. The more knowledge and experience, the easier it is to establish associations, and the memory will be improved accordingly. Marx began to learn Russian in his fifties. After half a year, he has been able to read the original works of famous poets and writers Pushkin, Nikolai Gogol and Schederin with relish. This is due to rich language knowledge and ability to understand many modern and ancient languages.
The point of this article is that memory is not necessarily bad when you are old. To illustrate this point, the author first provides the experimental results and analyzes the reasons. So far, it's all right, but it's not specific enough and convincing, so let's take another example: when Marx was in his fifties, it took only six months to master Russian. This way, the content is specific and the persuasion is enhanced.
Illustration in expository writing and illustration in argumentative writing can make the content concrete and enhance persuasiveness. But there are differences between them. Examples in argumentative essays are used to prove points, while examples in expository essays are used to introduce knowledge.
To illustrate things or things through examples, we should pay attention to the representativeness and appropriateness of examples.
(2) classification. According to certain standards, the described objects are divided into different categories and explained one by one. This method of explanation is called classification.
Classification is an important way to clarify complex things.
When using classification methods, we should pay attention to the classification standards, and only one standard can be used at a time to avoid overlapping. For example, "the collection of books in the library includes China, classics, foreign countries, science and technology, literature, modern times and political economy." There is more than one standard used here, so it is not clear. The correct statement should be:
The collection of books in the library is divided into Chinese and foreign countries by country; According to the times, there are classical and modern; By nature, there are science and technology, literature and political economy.
In this way, only one standard is used for each classification, which is clear at a glance.
The characteristics and essence of some things need to be divided into several points or aspects, which also belongs to classification.
Please note that by using the classification method, there should be no omissions in the listed categories.
(3) List data. In order to make the things to be explained specific, you can also use the method of enumerating information to make readers understand. It should be noted that the quoted figures must be accurate, and inaccurate figures must never be used. Even the estimated figures should have reliable basis and try to be approximate.
(4) Make a comparison. Explain that some abstract or unfamiliar things can be compared with concrete or familiar things, so that readers can get a concrete and vivid impression through comparison. The characteristics of things often appear in comparison.
When comparing, you can compare things in the same category, things in different categories, things can be compared horizontally or vertically.
(5) draw a chart. In order to explain complex things clearly, we can also use charts to make up for the lack of simple words and explain some things more directly and concretely.
(6) definition. Defining the essential characteristics of a concept in concise language is called definition. Definition can accurately reveal the essence of things and is a common method in scientific and technological discussion.
When defining, we can consider it from different angles according to the purpose of description. Some emphasize characteristics, such as the definition of "person"; Some emphasize functions, such as the definition of "fertilizer"; Some explain both characteristics and functions, such as the definition of "master planning method" and "applied science".
Man is an advanced animal who can make tools and use them to work.
Fertilizer is a substance that can provide nutrients to make plants grow.
③ Overall planning method is a mathematical method for arranging work procedures.
Engineering technology, called applied science, is the knowledge of applying the basic theories of natural science to solve problems in production practice.
No matter from what angle, no matter in what way, as long as a definition is made, it is necessary to reveal the essence of things, and only such a definition is scientific. For example, someone said, "Man is an upright animal with two feet." This definition is unscientific because it does not reveal the essence of things. "Man is an advanced animal who can make tools and use them for labor." This is the definition of science, because it reveals the essence of human beings.
(7) interpretation. Explain some characteristics of things from one side. This method is called hermeneutics.
Definition and explanation often adopt the language form of "what is so-and-so". The form is the same, how to distinguish it? Generally speaking, the words on both sides of the word "yes" are interchangeable, which is the definition; If it is not interchangeable, it is interpretation.
For example, the phrase "man is a higher-level animal that can make tools and work with them" is changed to "the higher-level animal that can make tools and work with tools is man", and the meaning remains unchanged. The sentence "Snow is the solid precipitation formed in the cloud" cannot be changed to "The solid precipitation formed in the cloud is snow". It can be seen that the former sentence is a definition and the latter sentence is an explanation.
(8) For example. Using the similarity between two different things to compare, highlight the characteristics of things and enhance the vividness and vividness of explanation is called analogy.
The interpretation method of metaphor in explanatory text is consistent with that in rhetoric. The difference is that there are similes, metaphors and metaphors in figurative rhetoric, while similes and metaphors are mostly used for description, while metaphors are inappropriate.
(9) imitation. In order to make the explained object more vivid and concrete, we can imitate the appearance, which is called imitation.
(10) reference. In order to make the content of the explanation more substantial and specific, you can quote materials to explain. The quoted materials range from classic works, famous sayings, formulas and rules, allusions and proverbs.
One explanation method is rarely used in an explanatory text, and many explanations are often used comprehensively. On the one hand, it obeys the needs of the content, on the other hand, the author has the freedom of choice. Whether to adopt one interpretation method or multiple interpretation methods, one interpretation method is another interpretation method, which can be flexible and not static. For example:
(1) There are stone arch bridges almost everywhere in China ... The most famous ones are Zhao Zhouqiao in Zhao County, Hebei Province and Lugou Bridge in Fengtai District, Beijing.
(2) There are many innovations in building technology, and there are more unexpected methods for hoisting. Such as the Jiangdong Bridge in Zhangzhou, Fujian. ...
First introduce a phenomenon or explain a truth, and then use specific examples to illustrate it. This is a bit comprehensive, which not only increases the credibility of the article, but also makes the article flesh and blood.
For comparison:
(1) Most buildings in China, from ancient palaces to modern houses, are symmetrical, no matter what happens on the left, so is the right. Suzhou gardens are by no means symmetrical.
(2) Unlike Beijing gardens, Suzhou gardens rarely use paintings.
By comparison, it is easy to highlight the characteristics of the explained object.
For example:
(1) The bridge opening of the stone arch bridge is curved, just like a rainbow.
(2) bridge opening is not an ordinary semicircle, but like a bow.
Metaphor can make the image of the explained object tangible.
Column number:
(1) Zhao Zhouqiao is very magnificent, with a total length of 50.82 meters and a width of 9.6 meters at both ends, slightly narrower in the middle and 9 meters wide.
(2) (Lugou Bridge) The bridge is 265 meters long and consists of 1 1 semicircle stone arches, and the length of each semicircle stone arch varies from 16 meters to 2 1.6 meters.
Using the method of enumerating numbers, readers can accurately understand the description object through the determined numbers. The accuracy of numbers is an important aspect of the accuracy of explanatory language.
Quote:
(1) In the Tang Dynasty, Zhang said that looking at this bridge from a distance, such as "the moon rises at the beginning of the cloud, and Changhong drinks a stream".
(2) at that time, an Italian Kyle Poirot came to China. In his travels, he spoke highly of the bridge, saying it was "unique in the world" ...
Quoting other people's words or related materials can enhance the persuasiveness of the article. Description method
Common interpretation methods
There are 10 common interpretation methods, such as citing examples, classifying, enumerating data, comparing, drawing charts, defining, explaining, analogizing, imitating appearances, quoting data, etc. When writing an explanatory article, we should choose the best method according to the characteristics of the explanatory object and the purpose of writing. The following are explained separately.
(1) example. Cite practical examples to explain things, make the things to be explained specific and make readers understand. This interpretation method is called example method. For example:
Most people always think that when they are old, their memory ability must be poor. Actually, it's not. Please look at the experimental results: The International Linguistic Society made a comparison between young people aged 9 to 18 and adults over 35 when learning Esperanto, and found that the former was not as good as the latter in memory. This is because adults have rich knowledge and experience, and it is easy to establish extensive contacts on the basis of existing knowledge. This connection is called "association" in psychology. People's memory is based on association. The more knowledge and experience, the easier it is to establish associations, and the memory will be improved accordingly. Marx began to learn Russian in his fifties. After half a year, he has been able to read the original works of famous poets and writers Pushkin, Nikolai Gogol and Schederin with relish. This is due to rich language knowledge and ability to understand many modern and ancient languages.
The point of this article is that memory is not necessarily bad when you are old. To illustrate this point, the author first provides the experimental results and analyzes the reasons. So far, it's all right, but it's not specific enough and convincing, so let's take another example: when Marx was in his fifties, it took only six months to master Russian. This way, the content is specific and the persuasion is enhanced.
Illustration in expository writing and illustration in argumentative writing can make the content concrete and enhance persuasiveness. But there are differences between them. Examples in argumentative essays are used to prove points, while examples in expository essays are used to introduce knowledge.
To illustrate things or things through examples, we should pay attention to the representativeness and appropriateness of examples.
(2) classification. According to certain standards, the described objects are divided into different categories and explained one by one. This method of explanation is called classification.
Classification is an important way to clarify complex things.
When using classification methods, we should pay attention to the classification standards, and only one standard can be used at a time to avoid overlapping. For example, "the collection of books in the library includes China, classics, foreign countries, science and technology, literature, modern times and political economy." There is more than one standard used here, so it is not clear. The correct statement should be:
The collection of books in the library is divided into Chinese and foreign countries by country; According to the times, there are classical and modern; By nature, there are science and technology, literature and political economy.
In this way, only one standard is used for each classification, which is clear at a glance.
The characteristics and essence of some things need to be divided into several points or aspects, which also belongs to classification.
Please note that by using the classification method, there should be no omissions in the listed categories.
(3) List data. In order to make the things to be explained specific, you can also use the method of enumerating information to make readers understand. It should be noted that the quoted figures must be accurate, and inaccurate figures must never be used. Even the estimated figures should have reliable basis and try to be approximate.
(4) Make a comparison. Explain that some abstract or unfamiliar things can be compared with concrete or familiar things, so that readers can get a concrete and vivid impression through comparison. The characteristics of things often appear in comparison.
When comparing, you can compare things in the same category, things in different categories, things can be compared horizontally or vertically.
(5) draw a chart. In order to explain complex things clearly, we can also use charts to make up for the lack of simple words and explain some things more directly and concretely.
(6) definition. Defining the essential characteristics of a concept in concise language is called definition. Definition can accurately reveal the essence of things and is a common method in scientific and technological discussion.
When defining, we can consider it from different angles according to the purpose of description. Some emphasize characteristics, such as the definition of "person"; Some emphasize functions, such as the definition of "fertilizer"; Some explain both characteristics and functions, such as the definition of "master planning method" and "applied science".
Man is an advanced animal who can make tools and use them to work.
Fertilizer is a substance that can provide nutrients to make plants grow.
③ Overall planning method is a mathematical method for arranging work procedures.
Engineering technology, called applied science, is the knowledge of applying the basic theories of natural science to solve problems in production practice.
No matter from what angle, no matter in what way, as long as a definition is made, it is necessary to reveal the essence of things, and only such a definition is scientific. For example, someone said, "Man is an upright animal with two feet." This definition is unscientific because it does not reveal the essence of things. "Man is an advanced animal who can make tools and use them for labor." This is the definition of science, because it reveals the essence of human beings.
(7) interpretation. Explain some characteristics of things from one side. This method is called hermeneutics.
Definition and explanation often adopt the language form of "what is so-and-so". The form is the same, how to distinguish it? Generally speaking, the words on both sides of the word "yes" are interchangeable, which is the definition; If it is not interchangeable, it is interpretation.
For example, the phrase "man is a higher-level animal that can make tools and work with them" is changed to "the higher-level animal that can make tools and work with tools is man", and the meaning remains unchanged. The sentence "Snow is the solid precipitation formed in the cloud" cannot be changed to "The solid precipitation formed in the cloud is snow". It can be seen that the former sentence is a definition and the latter sentence is an explanation.
(8) For example. Using the similarity between two different things to compare, highlight the characteristics of things and enhance the vividness and vividness of explanation is called analogy.
The interpretation method of metaphor in explanatory text is consistent with that in rhetoric. The difference is that there are similes, metaphors and metaphors in figurative rhetoric, while similes and metaphors are mostly used for description, while metaphors are inappropriate.
(9) imitation. In order to make the explained object more vivid and concrete, we can imitate the appearance, which is called imitation.
(10) reference. In order to make the content of the explanation more substantial and specific, you can quote materials to explain. The quoted materials range from classic works, famous sayings, formulas and rules, allusions and proverbs.
One explanation method is rarely used in an explanatory text, and many explanations are often used comprehensively. On the one hand, it obeys the needs of the content, on the other hand, the author has the freedom of choice. Whether to adopt one interpretation method or multiple interpretation methods, one interpretation method is another interpretation method, which can be flexible and not static.
The explanation methods of Suzhou gardens include comparison, contrast, examples, rubbing, etc., which shows that Suzhou gardens are picture-in-picture and emphasize the interest of nature. ... express things in a measured way, leaving room, such as ponds, swamps and gardens in Suzhou. ......
Sentences that compare and explain Suzhou garden methods.
For example, the buildings in our country, from ancient palaces to modern ordinary houses, are mostly symmetrical, no matter what the left side is, so is the right side. Suzhou gardens can never pay attention to symmetry, as if deliberately avoiding it.
The expressive function highlights the pursuit of natural beauty in Suzhou gardens, giving people the feeling of wandering in paintings.
classify
For example, they pay attention to the layout of pavilions, the coordination of rockery ponds, the foil of flowers and trees, and the level of close-range vision.
Performance function highly summarizes the general design principles of Suzhou gardens, and also reflects the picturesque beauty of Suzhou gardens to a great extent.
take for example
For example, there are mountains, or there are several mountains with bamboo, flowers and trees.
The expression shows the level of rockery, just like a painting.
For reference.
For example, the sight of "fish playing between lotus leaves" seen by tourists is a painting of another scene.
The expression embodies the scene of the pond and the effect of painting, and highlights the beauty of Suzhou gardens.
For example.
There are no neatly trimmed pines and cypresses like pagodas, and there are no roadside trees like military parades.
The expressive function vividly describes the trees in Suzhou gardens and deepens people's understanding of the characteristics of Suzhou gardens.
Digital column
For example. Four, eight, twelve,
The graphics that express functions specifically illustrate the beauty of door and window patterns.
Is this ok?
This paper analyzes the explanation methods of paragraphs 2~9 in Suzhou gardens: 2 examples, classifications and quotations. 3 Metaphor and comparison. For example, as an introduction. 5 Metaphor, example and comparison. 6 Causality statement 7 examples. Eight columns of numbers. Like 9.
Interpretation methods of Suzhou gardens, plus the original sentence (comprehensive) comparison;
① When introducing the layout, compare the layout of pavilions and pavilions in Suzhou gardens with palaces and houses; It highlights the characteristics of Suzhou gardens that do not pay attention to symmetry.
(2) When introducing flowers and trees, he said: "There are no neatly trimmed pines and cypresses like pagodas, and there are no roadside trees like military parades." Highlight the pruning of trees in Suzhou gardens from the perspective of painting.
When introducing the colors of buildings, comparing with the gardens in Beijing, unlike the gardens in Beijing, painting is rarely used. Highlight the color beauty of Suzhou gardens.
for instance
For example, in the second paragraph, when tourists come to the garden, there is not an example (quotation) that says "as in a painting" without thinking, which truly and powerfully illustrates the characteristics of Suzhou garden as a perfect picture.
For example, the fifth paragraph, taking Gu Teng in several gardens as an example, vividly illustrates that painting is the most important thing in planting trees and pruning.
Goldfish or carp of various colors are kept in the pond, and lotus flowers or water lilies are in full bloom in summer and autumn. Visitors can see "fish playing between lotus leaves", which is another painting scene. For example, it truly and powerfully shows that the pond pursues natural beauty.
Step 3 imitate appearance
There are no neatly trimmed pines and cypresses like pagodas, and there are no roadside trees like military parades.
Tall trees and short trees are pitching. Deciduous trees and evergreen trees appear alternately,
Different kinds of flowers and trees alternate with each other, and they don't feel lonely all year round.
(Description) Function: Vividly explain Suzhou gardens.
Planting trees focuses on painting.
Step 4 classify
There are two kinds of ponds: one is carefree and the other is river-shaped.
How's it going?
This paper compares the interpretation methods used in Suzhou gardens:
When introducing the layout, compare the layout of pavilions and pavilions in Suzhou gardens with palaces and houses; It highlights the characteristics of Suzhou gardens that do not pay attention to symmetry.
take for example
For example, in the second paragraph, all tourists come to visit the park, and there is not an example (quotation) that says "as in a painting" without thinking, which truly and powerfully illustrates the characteristics of Suzhou garden as a perfect picture scroll. For example, the fifth paragraph, taking Gu Teng in several gardens as an example, vividly illustrates that painting is the most important thing in planting trees and pruning. Goldfish or carp of various colors are kept in the pond, and lotus flowers or water lilies are in full bloom in summer and autumn. Visitors can see "fish playing between lotus leaves", which is another painting scene. For example, it truly and powerfully shows that the pond pursues natural beauty.
Imitate appearance
There are no neatly trimmed pines and cypresses like pagodas, and there are no military parade roadside trees. Deciduous trees and evergreen trees alternate with each other, and different kinds of flower trees alternate with each other when they bloom, so that you don't feel lonely all year round. (Description) Function: Illustrate vividly that painting is the key to planting trees in Suzhou gardens.
classify
There are two kinds of ponds: one is carefree and the other is river-shaped.
In the third paragraph of Suzhou Garden, the methods are compared: "Chinese architecture ... deliberately avoids something."
By comparing "most buildings in China are symmetrical" and "most gardens in Suzhou are symmetrical", it is emphasized that Suzhou gardens are asymmetrical in layout.
For example, "I don't think it's symmetrical to use pictures as examples."
It vividly shows that Suzhou gardens do not pay attention to symmetry in layout, and that Suzhou gardens do not pay attention to symmetry in layout, but pay attention to natural taste in layout.
These are two in the third paragraph.
13 what are the three paragraphs of the explanation method of Suzhou gardens? Suzhou gardens can never pay attention to' symmetry' for comparison;
The last sentence of the fourth quarter,' Fish frolicking among lotus leaves', is quoted and personified;
Section 5 "Tall trees and low trees pitch and pose"; Imitate appearance;
In the second sentence of section 7, a series of books with grass are planted next to the steps. . . For example, "rosewood"
Suzhou Garden Interpretation and Examples
Text discussion
First, the overall grasp
This paper first summarizes the characteristics of Suzhou gardens as a whole, and then expounds them from various aspects. Although the article didn't mention the names of any gardens or describe the specific scenery, the knowledge about Suzhou gardens gained by readers was comprehensive and clear. At the same time, readers have gained some ways to appreciate China gardens.
The characteristics of Suzhou gardens are: to ensure that no matter where tourists stand, there is always a perfect picture in front of them. In other words, "everything must exist to form a perfect picture, and it can't hurt the failure of beauty." There are many famous gardens in Suzhou, such as Humble Administrator's Garden, Master of Nets Garden, Lingering Garden, Canglang Pavilion and Lion Forest. , which are the most prominent. In other words, as far as these gardens are concerned, their buildings, landscapes, flowers and trees are different and have their own characteristics. These famous gardens all have their own styles and vitality. It is not easy to generalize the similarities from these gardens with different faces and styles. The author skillfully focuses on the impression of Suzhou gardens from the perspective of tourists. "Difficult" is to find the same from the differences. China's garden art is interlinked with the art of poetry and painting, and China's gardens have always been regarded as picturesque. Therefore, the author's feelings as a tourist are accurate and appropriate, which also shows the author's profound artistic accomplishment. In addition, for the "map", we should also study it deeply to better understand the characteristics of Suzhou gardens. Generally speaking, the scenery depicted in the picture comes from nature and is higher than nature. The painter extracts, refines and concentrates the natural scenery, and then creates a more aesthetic picture without violating the natural principles. Based on this, we can understand that the beauty of Suzhou gardens is carefully arranged without destroying nature. "No matter where tourists stand, there is always a perfect picture in front of them" and "always in front of them" emphasize that Suzhou garden is a perfect artistic whole.
The overall characteristics of Suzhou gardens are mainly reflected in the following four aspects:
(1) Pay attention to the layout of pavilions. The layout of pavilions "never pays attention to symmetry". The author compares the layout of Suzhou gardens with traditional buildings in China, and compares pattern painting with artistic painting, which shows that Suzhou gardens have the beauty of natural layout.
(2) Pay attention to the cooperation between rockery and pond. The piling of rockeries has a natural interest, which makes people forget that they are rockeries. Ponds and swamps "refer to running water" because running water is interesting. "Some gardens and ponds are spacious ... and bridges are often arranged", which is adapted to local conditions and confirms the previous statement that "designers and craftsmen are creative according to local conditions". More than two bridges are never the same. In fact, they are all about avoiding symmetry and paying attention to the interest of nature. Don't let go of details, such as the stone embankment "always bends up and down" and several stones or plants are arranged. These arrangements make the rockeries and ponds in Suzhou gardens look like nature, although they are artificial, which is exactly what the landscape in the garden pursues.
(3) Pay attention to the foil of flowers and trees. The foil of flowers and trees is also "focusing on painting". The author first introduces the good intentions of planting flowers and trees: we should pay attention to scattered trees and take care of seasonal changes. Then introduce the pruning skills of flowers and trees: take it naturally. Taking "Gu Teng" as an example, the comparison between "pine and cypress are like towers" and "roadside trees are like parades" shows that the planting and pruning of flowers and trees conform to the aesthetics of Chinese painting.
(4) Pay attention to the level of close-range perspective. The ingenious use of flower walls and corridors makes Suzhou gardens appear multi-level and depth of field. The scenery is not displayed in front of tourists in an unobstructed view, but one after another. Visitors can enjoy the fun of changing scenery and get deeper aesthetic enjoyment.
Finally, starting with the details of the garden, the author introduces the picturesque beauty of Suzhou gardens, that is, paying attention to the composition beauty of every corner of the garden, the pattern carving beauty of doors and windows, and the color beauty of buildings. This is a re-emphasis on the characteristics of Suzhou gardens.