First, clear the purpose and task of health education
The Guiding Outline of Kindergarten Education clearly requires that "kindergartens must put the protection of children's lives and the promotion of children's health in the first place, establish a correct concept of health, and attach great importance to children's mental health while attaching importance to their physical health." It can be seen that "health education" in kindergartens must aim at realizing children's physical and mental health, improve children's mastery of health knowledge, help children gradually form healthy behaviors and living habits, improve children's awareness and ability of self-care and self-protection, help children gradually learn a healthy lifestyle and promote their harmonious and healthy development of body and mind.
Second, create suitable material conditions and cultivate children's healthy living and study habits.
Suitable tables and chairs are the material conditions for the formation of good posture. Kindergartens and families should provide children with desks and chairs with appropriate heights, so that children can sit comfortably and stand tall and straight. Suitable tables and chairs are generally for children. After sitting, the thighs and calves are basically at right angles. After the elbow is bent, the forearm naturally rests on the desktop and the upper body remains upright. Appropriate desks and chairs are the material basis for cultivating children's healthy posture.
In daily life, when children are found hunched over, hunched over or leaning on the table to read, draw, play table games or watch TV, they should be reminded in time, and correct demonstrations and explanations should be made when necessary. The correct sitting posture is: feet flat, shoulders not shrugged, head not crooked, body straight. When reading and writing, punch your chest away from the table. The correct standing posture is: when standing, your feet are apart, your body's center of gravity is between your feet, your head is straight and your shoulders are flat, and you hold your chest and abdomen. The correct walking posture is: when walking, keep your upper body upright, keep your eyes straight ahead, relax your shoulders, swing your arms back and forth naturally, touch the ground gently and softly, keep your toes forward and keep your balance. All kinds of correct postures should be cultivated from an early age and gradually reach what the ancients said: "Sit like a bell, stand like a pine, walk like the wind, sleep like a bow."
Reasonable nutrition is an important basis to ensure the healthy development of children. It is very beneficial for children to get a variety of minerals, vitamins and proper amount of protein and fat for the development and growth of bones and muscles. Educating children to actively participate in physical exercise, running, jumping, games, gymnastics, dancing and other sports are positive factors to promote the formation of healthy posture. In physical exercise, children should be allowed to do sports or whole-body activities with their bilateral limbs as much as possible. In a word, paying attention to science can cultivate children's healthy posture.
Three, health education should adopt appropriate educational methods.
(A) Pay attention to perception and experience practice
Because of children's age characteristics, letting them feel and experience by themselves in health education can better stimulate their desire for exploration. For example, when children drink milk, we let them perceive and tell where the food passes through the body, and know the organs through discussion. When helping children understand the changes of food in various organs, they can chew hard biscuits and experience the process of biscuits softening and breaking in their mouths. Children can gain natural and vivid knowledge and experience through various sensory perception and experience exercises.
(B) focus on action and behavior practice
The cultivation of children's good living habits and hygiene habits needs to be achieved through imitation exercises in groups. Therefore, children should practice some life skills and healthy behaviors repeatedly in teaching activities, so as to deepen their understanding and form stable actions and behavior habits.
Fourth, give play to the role of the environment, so that children are willing to study in a warm and safe atmosphere and enrich their health knowledge.
This requires teachers to fully consider the difficulties faced by children when cultivating their living ability. In the process of children's health education, teachers should teach children how to keep fit, improve children's attitude to promote health, cultivate children's healthy behavior, and make children develop good living habits, hygiene habits and physical exercise habits. Promote health knowledge and basic knowledge of preventing infectious diseases through wall decoration and educational columns, and feel and experience knowledge in activities.
Fifth, the forms and methods of health education are diversified.
Infiltrate health education into children's daily life organically. Children themselves are an organic whole, and all aspects of their development are interrelated and influential. Children's health education is life education. It is necessary to infiltrate the concept of health education and implement health education strategies in all aspects of children's daily life, such as washing, eating, cleaning, sleeping and playing. This requires teachers to provide opportunities for children's learning, so that children can learn and practice in interaction with the surrounding environment, people and things, and improve their self-care ability. When cultivating self-care ability, we should pay more attention to let children accumulate experience in repeated practice, so as to improve. Therefore, on the basis of understanding children's development level, we should build a learning platform for children and help them establish self-confidence of "I can do it".
Children living in a specific environment should pay attention to creating a healthy material living environment, make full use of the educational function of the environment, make objects and spaces more conducive to children's health, and improve the effect and efficiency of health education. Through outdoor sports equipment to carry out rich sports activities, create an external environment for children to actively participate in physical exercise, stimulate children's interest in physical exercise, cultivate children's good habits of physical exercise, and cultivate children's psychological quality of being brave in struggle and not afraid of difficulties through physical activities. Integrate health education into education in all fields.
Sixth, stimulate the sense of ownership, let children accumulate experience in practice and take the initiative to learn.
With the enhancement of self-care ability, children's self-confidence is stronger and their enthusiasm for doing things is higher. They want to do everything by themselves, experience it by themselves, and have more and more new ideas. The "Outline" requires that "we should not only attach great importance to and meet children's needs for protection and care, but also respect and meet their growing independent needs, avoid excessive protection and arranged substitution, and encourage and guide children to take care of themselves and try independently."
Children like the educational method of "entertaining", so we should choose diversified, interesting and targeted educational methods and ways according to the physical and mental characteristics of children and the content of health education, such as discussing with children and finding solutions to problems; Make new rules to help children gain new life experiences; Help children experience the importance of rules by personal experience; Guide and learn from peer experience to help children learn a better life.
In the process of cultivating children's healthy behavior, collective education and individual education should be combined. First, educate the group, change the behavior and health habits of the whole group, and influence the formation of individual behavior. Teachers give targeted individual guidance to children's health behavior while giving collective health behavior guidance. Strengthen children's physical activities, enhance children's physique, and at the same time let children have a healthy psychology; Give children a space for free choice, discussion and cooperation, and let them exercise their body and will in pleasant game activities.
VII. Family education
The content of children's health education is closely related to the content of family education. There are personal and public health problems, food problems and safety problems in kindergartens, and these problems also exist in families. Therefore, through colorful activities, parents can change their health concepts, constantly improve their health awareness, clarify the concept of health education and the goals of children's health education, advocate a healthy lifestyle, create a good family education environment, and implement effective education for children. Children's health education must acquire parents' knowledge and let parents participate in kindergarten education activities, so that the effect of health education can be faster, better and more consolidated.
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