The first is the topic selection. Choosing a topic is the first step in writing a thesis, which is actually to determine the question of "what to write", that is, to determine the research direction. If "what to write" is not clear, "how to write" is impossible. Therefore, the topic selection is the key to the success or failure of paper writing, and the topic selection of the paper is very important, so it must be carefully selected.
The second is the research topic. The general procedure of research topic is: 1. Collect information (refer to the library and reference room, obtain information through the network and other channels, conduct on-the-spot investigation, analysis and observation, and collect specific and detailed information); 2. Research materials (comprehensively browse the collected materials and use different reading methods to obtain available information, and use the arguments, arguments, argumentation methods and research methods in books or papers to trigger your own thinking); 3. Clear arguments and materials selection (on the basis of investigation data, put forward your own views and opinions, and establish basic arguments and sub-arguments according to the topic. Put forward your own ideas and highlight new ideas. Innovation is the soul, and you can't just repeat your predecessors or echo others.
Finally, write and modify the final draft. After writing, revision is a very important process, during which you have to consult your tutor countless times. Formally speaking, revision is the last process of writing and the perfect stage of the article, but generally speaking, revision runs through the whole writing process. Writing can generally be divided into four stages, and each stage should be revised: 1. Revision of brewing concept; 2. Revise after writing; 3. Revision after completion of the first draft; 4. Review under the guidance of the instructor.
After these steps, the framework of a paper is basically formed, but it has not yet been finalized. It must be further improved and polished according to the writing norms of various majors. The writing format of each part will be explained below.
The paper includes preface, text, appendix and accessories. According to the characteristics of Japanese major, some links have their own specific requirements, such as: the front part includes cover, title page, Chinese abstract, Japanese abstract, keywords, catalogue, and if necessary, illustration index and schedule index; The body part includes introduction or introduction (はじめに), body, conclusion, thanks and references. There are also specific requirements in language and style: graduation thesis generally uses written language, and the words should be accurate and concise to avoid flashy language. Terms and names used should be consistent, and should be defined or explained if necessary. Generally speaking, the simplified style of the article (でぁる) is used.
I. Theme
The title of the paper is called the title, also known as the title or title. The title is to logically combine the most important specific content in the short passage with the most appropriate and concise words. Through the topic, we can get a general understanding of the content, professional characteristics and subject categories of the paper.
There are generally four requirements for the title of a thesis: 1. Accurate and decent (the title of the paper requires accurate expression of the content of the paper and appropriate reflection of the scope and depth of the research); 2. Short and pithy (try to use concise words for the title, and generally the title of the paper should not exceed 20 words. If the short title is not enough to show the content of the paper or reflect the nature of a series of research, it can be solved by positive and subtitle methods); 3. Generality (the topic should be closely related to the content of the paper, or the content of the paper should match and be closely related, that is, the topic should be deducted and the article should be deducted. This is the basic principle of writing a thesis); 4. Eye-catching (although the title of the paper is in the first place to attract readers' attention, there is still the question of whether the title attracts attention, because the words used in the title and the content expressed are very different, and the effect is far from the same).
Second, summary
The contents, methods, achievements and conclusions of graduation thesis should be generally reflected. It is a brief statement of the content of the paper, without comments or annotations. Other uses are to obtain necessary information without reading the full text of the paper. Formulas and charts should not be used, reference numbers should not be marked, examples should not be cited, research process should not be discussed, and self-evaluation should not be made. Although the abstract of the paper should reflect the above contents, the text must be very concise and the content should be fully summarized. The Chinese abstract should be about 300 words, and the Japanese abstract should be consistent with the Chinese abstract, a little more than the Chinese abstract.
The following contents shall be included: 1. The purpose and importance of this study; 2. The main content of the study, indicating what work has been completed; 3. The basic conclusions and research results highlight the novelty of the paper; 4. Importance of conclusions or results.
Third, key words
Keyword is a subject word that marks the key theme content of literature, but it has not been standardized. It is a word or term selected from a paper for document indexing to express the main contents and information items of the full text. A paper can choose 3 ~ 8 words as keywords.
Four. content
The catalogue is compiled by chapter, section and article titles, and the title level is clear. The title in the table of contents should be consistent with the title in the text. The content should include introduction, main body of the paper, conclusion, thanks, references and appendix.
Introduction of verbs (abbreviation of verb)
Introduction, as the first chapter, is the beginning of the main body of graduation thesis, which belongs to the introduction part of the whole thesis. The introduction should include: the background and purpose of graduation thesis; Research status at home and abroad and achievements in related fields; Design and research methods; In the design process and research content, the introduction is generally not less than 1500 words. The introduction can use the words "preface" or "はじめに". "
Intransitive verb text
The subject, also called this theory, is the core part of the graduation thesis, occupying the largest length of the thesis, and the creative achievements or new research achievements embodied in the thesis will be fully reflected in this part. Therefore, this part requires substantial content, sufficient and reliable arguments, strong arguments and clear themes. In order to meet this series of requirements, and to achieve a clear hierarchy and clear context, it can be divided into several chapters, sections and articles as needed, and each chapter should adopt a title that can reflect this chapter, and the word "this theory" cannot be used. Streets should be reasonable, clear-cut, focused, concise and smooth, and there should be no obvious expression errors. Due to the great differences in the nature of topics and contents of academic papers, there is no rigid and uniform regulation on their segmentation and writing, but they must be realistic, objective, direct, accurate and complete, logical, clear and concise.
Generally speaking, the theme of Japanese academic papers should include the following three aspects: 1. Facts (examples or phenomena of language, culture, literature, education, society, thoughts, etc. obtained through my actual investigation). The factual basis put forward shall be objective and true, and the source shall be indicated when necessary; 2. Relevant statements of predecessors (including the investigation methods, investigation processes and conclusions of predecessors). In theoretical analysis, we should clearly distinguish other people's views from my own. Whether directly or indirectly citing the achievements of others, the source should be indicated; 3. My analysis, discussion and conclusion, etc. Combine the factual basis, predecessors' achievements and my own analysis organically, and pay attention to the logical relationship between them.