This involves the division of people's age stages and the division of educational objects. Life can be divided into several stages according to age, such as infancy (0 ~ 3 years old), infancy (3 ~ 6 years old), childhood (6 ~ 1 1, 12 years old) and adolescence (1 1,/kloc). Therefore, to suit people of different ages, education must be carried out in stages. Preschool education mainly refers to the education of children aged 3 ~ 6. Pre-school education is the second half of pre-school education or early education, which is connected with the previous O ~ 3-year-old infant education and the subsequent primary education. This is an important and special stage of one's education and development. "Importance" means that it is the foundation period of a person's development, and many important abilities and personality qualities form basic characteristics during this period; "Special" means that this stage is the transition period of children's physical and mental development from the initial amorphous to the basic stereotypes, and then they can start learning and developing according to social needs. Babies do not begin meaningful oral communication until about 1 year after birth. Before that, the baby relied on nonverbal communication to express his feelings and thoughts. In addition to crying as a direct communication, body language such as facial expressions, arm and foot movements are all. During this period, the more you know their body language, the closer the emotional connection between you and your baby, and the more you can encourage him to use nonverbal ways as an effective way of communication.
Second, the role of early childhood education
Childhood is the best period of intellectual development.
According to the research of American psychologist Jammings, before the age of 5, intelligence develops fastest, and a child of 18 can realize normal intelligence education.
Generally speaking, 50% was acquired before the age of 4, 30% before the age of 4-8, and 20% before the age of 8- 18. Studies by American physiologists also show that babies are the fastest period of brain physiological development. The weight of an adult's brain is about1400g, about1000g at the age of 4, and about1300g at the age of 8. Japanese scholar Mu Shu Kuiyi pointed out that children's potential ability follows a decreasing law, that is, a child with a potential ability of 100 at birth can become a person with a potential ability of 100 if he is educated at birth, and a person with a potential ability of 80 if he is educated at the age of five. This shows that the child's brain develops rapidly. In the period of rapid development of children's intelligence, the role of early education is also particularly great, because intelligence is closely related to education and social environment. If children are properly educated in the right way during this period, the effect can be imagined.
Childhood is a critical period for a sound personality.
Early childhood education plays an important role in the formation of human personality. In early childhood, children's personality characteristics began to sprout and gradually formed. At this time, children have strong plasticity, and self-evaluation has not yet been established. They often rely on the evaluation of parents and teachers to evaluate themselves. Parents and teachers say "good" is "good" and parents and teachers say "bad" is "bad". If children are properly educated and guided during this period to form good personality and quality, it will have an important impact on their life. On the contrary, if some bad personality characteristics or behavior habits are formed during this period, it will be difficult to correct them in the future.
Childhood is a critical period of sex education.
Children around 3 years old are in a special stage of sexual psychological development, which is called "sexual budding period" in psychology. If a boy thinks of himself as a girl and imitates her in dress, behavior and expression, he becomes a feminine boy. If a girl thinks of herself as a boy and imitates him in dress, behavior and expression, she becomes a masculine girl. This is called gender role deformity. In short, children are a critical period for intellectual development, sound personality and sex education. In early childhood education, it is mainly to guide children to think correctly and cultivate a good learning mentality to cope with the difficulties and setbacks encountered in future study and work. Therefore, early childhood education is a lifelong event that determines the fate and happiness of life.
Third, the origin of the topic
(1) My experience
Choosing the topic of graduation thesis in the field of "teacher research" is first related to my personal growth experience. Because my mother is a primary school teacher, I have lived in a campus environment since I was a child. Teachers are all my mother's colleagues, and I often have close contact with them, which makes me grow up without the "awe" and "awe" of ordinary students, only with a natural kindness and love. My mother is a math teacher in the graduating class of primary school. She devoted herself to education for decades and sent off a batch of students. For my mother, the success of students, the respect of parents and the achievements in teaching have made her very satisfied. As a good teacher, my mother had a great influence on me, and let me know what responsibility is and what pursuit is. Most of the teachers I met in primary and middle schools helped me a lot in my study and growth, which made me gradually fall in love with the ordinary and great profession of teachers, which became one of the reasons why I graduated from high school and applied for normal colleges.
(2) Realistic contact
Modern society attaches importance to early childhood education, and the status and role of preschool teachers are becoming more and more important. For kindergarten teachers, there may be a beautiful picture in people's minds: in a sunny kindergarten like a fairy tale world, smiling, playing games and singing with a group of innocent and lively children ... they should be fresh, gentle, happy, healthy and patient, and can handle all aspects of each child's study and life well; Kindergarten has no pressure to enter a higher school, and children learn only superficial knowledge. In people's eyes, the work of kindergarten teachers should be relaxed, pleasant and simple.
A.i am the husband of a kindergarten teacher. My wife gets up at 6 o'clock every morning to go to work. She said she got off work at 5: 30, but often came back at 6 or 7. It is common for kindergartens to spend more than ten hours a day. I have to hand in many papers and teaching plans a month, go home to write this and that, make teaching AIDS, and work overtime for dinner on weekends. No one is in charge at home now, and no one is in charge of the children. There are many quarrels at home. In the final analysis, it is because the kindergarten work is too stressful. Now I'm looking for information to help her write a lesson plan. Alas! Being a husband of a kindergarten teacher is very tired.
B. As a kindergarten teacher, I really deeply appreciate the busyness and hard work of your kindergarten teacher's wife. The work in kindergarten is really complicated. If it is only for children, I think it is worthwhile, because children are so innocent, and I think my heart will always be young with them. But what are we busy with now? It may be that there is a lot of paperwork, and it is necessary to cope with the inspection of superior leaders. How helpful are these formal and heavy jobs to children? Why not lighten our pressure and spend more time with our children?
C. I am the director of a kindergarten. I came from the role of teacher. I have suffered, been tired and annoyed. However, I think the low social status of kindergarten teachers is also related to the low professional and technical content. Didn't TV report the news that laid-off women workers run kindergartens? How much technology can a laid-off woman worker do? Therefore, I think we should strengthen our study, delve into our business, improve our teaching skills and level by doing topics and writing papers, and turn writing papers into our internal needs instead of completing tasks. So you don't feel tired, but have a sense of accomplishment and fun. In a good mood, the quality of family life has also improved.
D. I want to ask the director above, what do you mean by technical content? Strong theoretical ability and strong writing ability mean high technical content? But I think, to do this job well, first of all, you need much more professionalism and sense of responsibility than other industries. Secondly, with the new situation of education reform, you should constantly practice, constantly reflect and constantly update your educational concept. Nowadays, many teachers spend a lot of energy just dealing with written homework, and many have to say that they are superficial articles, which are for people "above". But what is the value and significance of our work? Do you see that our literary talent is getting better and better? Or for our children to really develop and live a happy life? Is it really possible for a laid-off woman worker to do this casually? Sometimes we are complacent: no matter whether we are kindergarten teachers who can't sing, dance, draw or play, anything old and useless can be turned into toys in our hands. Can these be done casually by laid-off women workers? I'm sure you don't think we just take care of children like some people in society, do you? A word from the kindergarten teacher's husband can cause so many curses, which shows that our troubles are not a phenomenon worthy of the attention of the whole society. After all, we are facing the future of our motherland and need a good positive attitude.
J. I am a kindergarten teacher who has been teaching for 10 years. I have never been tired of my career, because I can't think of any career that will be more handy, rewarding and secure than now. I have no reason to be tired of it until I find the answer. Although I also have the pressure of work, I am very happy. Peace of mind is the premise of happiness.
There are grumbles and complaints, pride and rational thinking in the voices of the above-mentioned teachers, which let us see some aspects of the professional life of preschool teachers. On the other hand, my college classmates (Department of Preschool Education), 8 of 23 people have done preschool education, some of them have worked steadily in kindergartens in coastal cities from the beginning, and some have gradually moved to the coastal areas because of treatment and environmental problems. They are very busy at ordinary times and seldom relax on weekends. However, some of them rehearse programs overtime for the task of performing arts, some do tutoring in art, piano playing and mental arithmetic to supplement their income, and some rack their brains to complete the task of scientific research papers assigned by the director. When I have the opportunity to talk about their work on the phone, the two most frequently heard words are "annoying" and "tired", and one of them is hoarse every time he speaks. These situations have caused me some thoughts:
First, there are several kinds of teachers in reality, and their professional lives are different: some teachers only work for a living, only feel the bitterness, tiredness and annoyance of their work, and they can't feel the happiness and happiness of their work at all; Although some teachers are very bitter and tired, they still struggle in their posts for the sake of lovely children and professional conscience. The only achievement comes from the progress and growth of children. There are also some teachers who regard their work as a kind of management and devote themselves wholeheartedly, which not only creates the educational and social value of their profession, but also realizes their life value and achieves a "win-win".
Secondly, the society lacks correct knowledge and understanding of the profession of preschool teachers: on the one hand, society and parents often put forward some unrealistic demands, emphasizing teachers' dedication, while sanctifying and instrumentalizing teachers, ignoring teachers' needs as ordinary people and themselves, and some tasks that do not consider teachers' workload become alienated labor, which increases teachers' physical and mental pressure; On the one hand, some people think that the work of kindergarten teachers is just simple labor, similar to that of nannies, and it is "the work that laid-off women workers can do." These understandings are reflected in preschool teachers, which seriously affects their recognition and satisfaction with their profession. They expressed their heartfelt wishes of "long live understanding" and "calling themselves".
Third, the quality of professional life is related to people's professional self-awareness and value pursuit. These words of the teacher show that they are also rethinking and questioning their professional value: "What are we busy with now?" "What is the value and significance of our work?" "We are very busy every day. How valuable is it? " "In today's competitive era, who has no pressure? The key is how to understand these problems. We must turn pressure into motivation and realize our own life value. " Teachers' profession not only has the external value of serving the society and promoting children's development, but also has the internal value of enabling teachers to enjoy certain rights, treatment, status, self-development and self-realization. The key to education is teachers. Whether teachers can experience and enjoy the value of their profession is related to whether they can work with peace of mind, to the development of teachers themselves, and to the attractiveness of this profession to other members of society.
Second, the research value and concept definition
Research value
1. From the historical and practical point of view, the understanding of teachers' professional value has always stayed in the teacher's role, that is, the external instrumental value level, and little attention has been paid to and understanding the value of the profession to teachers themselves. Focusing the research perspective on the special group of preschool teachers, their work objects, work contents and methods, and work tasks have their own particularities. The purpose of this study is to pay attention to their living conditions and inner world, arouse people's attention to the quality of preschool teachers' professional life, so as to enhance teachers' life value and ultimately improve the quality of preschool education. Happy education, successful education and happy education not only mean that children are happy to study and get success and happiness, but also mean that teachers are happy to teach, confirm their value in professional activities, experience the meaning of life and get creative satisfaction.
2. Richard wrote: "No one listens to the teacher because they don't talk. They don't talk because they are part of the culture. In this culture, a series of repression mechanisms such as overwork, underground social status and an externally defined performance standard keep them silent. "
3. This study can enrich the theory of preschool teachers, promote the basic theory of preschool education and the construction of related disciplines, and provide a breakthrough for studying the construction of preschool teachers. It can also provide theoretical basis and guidance for the education authorities to formulate teacher management policies, teacher training in normal universities and kindergarten teacher management.
(b) Concept definition
1, occupation It refers to "a social status that individuals gain after entering the material production or non-material production process of society. Through this social status, individuals join the production and distribution system of social resources and establish corresponding social relations". [3] Career accounts for one-third of a person's life. Occupation is an indispensable part of human existence and life, and to some extent, it is the decisive factor of individual survival significance. Individuals may have different needs for every small link of professional content, which leads to different value judgments. From the manifestation of professional characteristics, some are explicit and some are implicit. For this reason, American occupational psychologist mercy divides occupations into internal occupations and external occupations.
2. Value. From a philosophical point of view, it includes knowledge value, moral value and aesthetic value, and has many forms such as truth, goodness and beauty. Philosophical value refers to the positive or negative significance of the object to the subject, that is, positive value and negative value. Value is not an entity, but a relative relationship, "that is, the object satisfies the needs of the subject with its own attributes, and the needs of the subject are satisfied by the object." Value always involves two aspects, on the one hand, the needs, desires and interests of the subject, on the other hand, some structures and attributes of the object, both of which are indispensable. " [4]
3. Professional value. It means "the degree to which occupation can meet the needs of people and society, that is, occupation is of positive significance to people's development, survival and life and social progress". [5] In short, it is the meaning of occupation to the subject, which reflects the relationship between the attributes and functions of occupation and the satisfaction of the needs of the subject. It has the characteristics of rich coverage, distinct expression and different individual experiences.
4. Teachers' professional value. It refers to the meaning of the object of teachers' profession to the subject, including society, groups and individuals (including teachers' groups and individuals). "The professional value of teachers includes not only the external value level of the profession, but also the internal value level. The former refers to the social responsibility, obligation, mission and actual social contribution undertaken by teachers as educators, which is the fundamental basis for the existence of teachers' profession and the fundamental way to realize their own subjective value; The latter refers to the value and significance of teachers' profession to teachers' subject, and is the degree of self-development and spiritual freedom that teachers enjoy in the social system and professional system. It has a hierarchical system, including the practical value of maintaining a livelihood, the spiritual value of meeting social needs, the inherent dignity and the value of a happy life obtained by independent creation. " [6]
5. Kindergarten teachers. Mainly refers to the kindergarten personnel engaged in early childhood education practice, including teachers, nurses and directors.
6. Teachers' professional values. Teachers treat occupation, professional behavior and work results according to their own and social needs, which is a stable, universal and dynamic belief system: it is the embodiment of individual universal values in professional life; It not only determines people's tendency to choose a job, but also determines people's working attitude; It is the crystallization of the professional experience and feelings gained by individuals in the long-term socialization process; Belongs to the category of personality tendency.