200 1 The former State Planning Commission, the former State Economic and Trade Commission and the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine issued the Interim Measures for the Management of Equipment Supervision, which clarified the position of equipment supervision in the management of investment projects from the perspective of laws and regulations. Subsequently, a series of related management measures were promulgated, and china plant engineering Consultancy Association was established. By 2005, the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine and the National Development and Reform Commission jointly promoted the nationwide implementation of the equipment supervision system. At this point, China's equipment supervision system is basically formed, which is of great significance for improving the management level of equipment engineering projects in China, connecting with international practices as soon as possible, ensuring the quality and investment benefits of key equipment projects and reducing the risks of equipment engineering projects. After years of development, China's equipment supervision system has basically taken shape, and a series of relevant laws and regulations have been formulated. Many achievements have been made in the implementation, but there are also many problems, which are embodied in the following aspects.
1. The equipment supervision market has not yet fully formed.
Since the implementation of equipment supervision system, its function and significance have gradually attracted people's attention. At present, not only state-owned enterprises have realized that equipment supervision should be carried out in investment projects, but also through the efforts of local regulatory authorities, more and more foreign-funded and even private enterprises, after understanding its importance, take the initiative to ask supervision intermediaries to provide services. However, because the equipment supervision is still in its infancy, some management departments and owners still have a weak understanding of equipment supervision, investors, especially state-owned investors, are not in place, and the micro-management system of engineering construction is not perfect. As long as there is no serious accident, they will muddle along and engage in construction.
The unit thinks that after formally performing the procedures of bidding and supervision, it can rest easy. Or stay in the construction supervision, equipment supervision is the concept of equipment installation supervision, and a few management departments even think it is repeated supervision and repeated charges. From a national perspective, the equipment supervision market has not been fully established. In view of China's national conditions, the government and relevant departments should supervise and guide the equipment supervision market according to law, so as to standardize and institutionalize the equipment supervision market and promote the sound development of equipment supervision.
2. The responsibility, right and benefit of the supervision unit are unbalanced.
From the legal point of view, the owner and the supervisor should be equal legal subjects, and in engineering, it is the contractual relationship between entrustment and entrusted. Although the responsibilities, rights and interests of supervision have been clearly stipulated in national laws and regulations and expressed in the terms of supervision contract, there are few projects that have been implemented in full accordance with the contract provisions in terms of supervision responsibilities, rights and interests for more than ten years, and owners have intervened more in supervision work. The supervision unit must exercise its functions and powers within the time, content and scope entrusted by the owner. In addition, due to the increasingly fierce competition in the supervision market, as a supervision company, in order to survive, even if the owner violates the requirements of the supervision contract, he is not willing to offend the owner. this is
As a result, the site supervision is insufficient, and once there is an engineering quality accident, the owner pushes it away. Therefore, in our country, the responsibility of supervision is greater, and the corresponding rights and interests are not guaranteed, resulting in the reality that the responsibilities and rights of supervision units are unbalanced.
3. High-quality equipment supervision talents are insufficient.
Judging from the composition of supervisors, there are two main sources of supervisors in China at present: first, retired senior engineers, engineers and skilled workers from design, manufacturing, construction and testing units. These people have rich practical experience in supervision, but their ability to accept new knowledge is relatively weak. Second, graduates from universities and technical secondary schools in recent years are young and eager to learn, but they lack practical work ability and on-site coordination ability. At present, the supervision team lacks young and middle-aged supervision talents with rich practical experience and strong management coordination ability.
Judging from the stability of the supervision team, in order to reduce the supervision cost, most social supervision institutions often adopt the project appointment system and implement local recruitment for foreign projects. After the completion of the project, if there are no follow-up projects, they may not be able to continue to engage in supervision work, which will lead to the instability of the supervision team and is not conducive to the accumulation of supervision experience.
From the aspect of supervision business training, although most supervisors have participated in pre-job training at present, they lack post-job re-education, including school education, association training and practical training. Therefore, strengthening the management of supervision talents and bringing up a group of compound talents with skills, management skills, economy and law as soon as possible can continuously promote the improvement of supervision business level.
4. The supervision content focuses on the quality supervision in the manufacturing and hoisting stages.
Regarding the content of equipment supervision, the equipment supervision contract mainly consists of three aspects, namely, equipment quality, equipment investment and equipment progress supervision. However, in actual work, most of the equipment supervision only involves the quality supervision in the manufacturing or installation stage, and the supervision of equipment investment and progress is greatly influenced by the owner's understanding and the contractor's quality. In addition to institutional reasons, there are indeed a few cases where the professional level and sense of responsibility of supervision are poor, which causes the owners to distrust the supervision. On the other hand, we should also see that some of our supervision units have not got rid of the shackles of traditional concepts and can't keep up with the pace of the times.
The understanding of enterprise development orientation, supervision orientation, supervision responsibility, safety supervision and supervision unit reform lags behind practice, and practice can't keep up with the needs of market development.
In short, due to the late start, low positioning, low management level, lack of international supervision experience, lack of sound and effective system and advanced management technology. Therefore, according to China's actual situation, we should analyze the differences with international supervision and take measures to make up for the deficiencies.