1. Three elements of argumentative writing: argument, argument and argumentation.

2. Demonstration method: directly clarify your own views or opinions. Refutation: establish your own correct viewpoint by refuting the wrong viewpoint.

3. How to find an argument? Argument is a judgment sentence that reflects the author's main points in the text. The methods of refining arguments include: seeing whether the topic is an argument or a topic; Look at the beginning, whether you can control the full text; Look at the end and find the conclusion sentence; Look at the pertinence of the argument; Add some parameters.

4. The method of putting forward the argument: cut to the chase; Originated from phenomena; Originated from the problem; From a famous saying.

5. How to analyze the author's argument? Firstly, the argument is led out through …, then the argument is demonstrated by examples (or famous sayings, or from a certain angle), and finally the conclusion of … is drawn.

6. Analyze the function of the paragraph. Structurally: the beginning leads to the whole body, the middle connects the preceding with the following, and the end summarizes the full text. Content: it demonstrates the author's argument ... and embodies the rigor of the argument.

7. Type of parameter. Factual arguments: examples, historical facts and data. Rationality argument: truth, aphorism, famous sayings, proverbs and axioms.

8. What is the function of quoting famous sayings (or celebrity cases)? Put forward reasonable (or factual) arguments to enhance the persuasiveness of the article and better prove the author's point of view.

9. General structure of argumentative writing: asking questions-analyzing problems-solving problems.

10. Types of demonstration methods and their functions: demonstration with examples: prove that the argument of … is more convincing ... with typical examples. Argument: A more authoritative, convincing and powerful argument … viewpoint. Metaphorical argument: vividly demonstrates the author's viewpoint of … and makes the truth visual, easy to understand and easy to accept. Contrastive argument: the viewpoint of ... is proved from both positive and negative aspects, and the right and wrong are clear, which makes the article more comprehensive, rigorous and impressive.

1 1. What's the role of putting wrong ideas (or phenomena) at the beginning of an argumentative paper? (writing a paper) in order to draw out the author's own point of view. In order to set the target of refutation.

12, combining the author's point of view to supplement the factual arguments. Formula: someone+something+result (pay attention to the authenticity, typicality and key points of the argument)

13, can you delete a paragraph (or a word) from the text? Why? Formula: the meaning of the paragraph (or the function of this paragraph and word)+(if deleted, the argument is not rigorous. )

14. What is the function of quoting stories at the beginning of an argumentative paper? Draw out the author's point of view; As the factual argument of the article, it strongly demonstrates the author's point of view; Enhance the interest of the article and attract readers.