/kloc-there are two main schools of poetry in the early 0/7th century, one is the "metaphysical school". Their poems are mysterious and obscure, highlighting personal feelings and thoughts, describing seclusion in the mountains or personal love, expressing illusory religious consciousness, divorced from the reality of life, revealing inner mysteries with absurd images, and expressing complex feelings full of doubts and yearning. Metaphysics reflects the disappointment of some intellectuals to humanism and shows the impact of science on traditional culture. The representative of the metaphysical school is john donne (1572~ 163 1), who served as a royal priest for many years and served as the dean of St. Paul's Cathedral College in London 162 1 year until his death. He wrote love poems, satirical poems, religious poems and 160 sermons, criticizing secular passions and advocating religious enthusiasm and mysticism.
The other school is called "Chivalrous School". Most of them were young aristocrats of Wang Jun and Wang Party who had participated in the Civil War. This school is politically conservative, but its poetry creation is different from the spirit of the metaphysical school. Instead, he inherited the humanism of the Renaissance and wrote many love poems and works of carpe diem, which showed the sentiment of eschatology and served as a bridge between the Renaissance and17th century poetry. The representative figure of rustic style is herrick (159 1~ 1674), who is also a priest. He left more than 1200 poems, which were included in Song of Songs and Western Elysium. The difference between him and other chivalrous poets is that he also wrote healthy lyrics.
/kloc-a famous British playwright in the 7th century, following Ben Jonson and meston (1575~ 1634), John Webster (1580~ 1625) and his tragedy The White Devil (65438). Philip Massinger (1583~ 1640) was the best British playwright in the early 7th century. His satirical comedy "A New Way to Pay Old Debts" (1633) depicts an image of a greedy bad jazz, showing the serious thought of punishing evil and promoting good.
The contradiction between the ruling class and the masses of the people led to the British bourgeois revolution in the 1940s. The British bourgeois revolution was carried out in the form of Puritanism and Anti-unification struggle. From 1642, when the civil war broke out between the king and Congress, to the success of the 1649 revolution and the guillotine of Charles I, the people's movement also rose. Cromwell, the leader of Congress, and the British people borrowed words, passions and fantasies from the Old Testament. The most powerful articles in the revolutionary period are sharp and fluent political essays by left-wing leaders Lierbon (16 18~ 1657) and winstanley (1628~ 1698). These leaflets and pamphlets fight for the interests of the broad masses. Then there are the heroic and beautiful articles written by Milton, a revolutionary poet, in English and Latin at the height of the revolution about freedom of divorce, freedom of the press and execution of the king.
1660, the Stuart dynasty was restored and English ended. During the restoration period, political reaction, the court was arrogant and extravagant, and satirical poems that laughed at Puritans were popular in literature, reflecting the comedy of aristocratic enjoyment life. Influenced by French literature, English classicism rose. Its founder and representative figure is john dryden (163 1~ 1700). Dryden, a conservative poet laureate during the restoration of the monarchy, was appointed as a court historian. His poems praise King charles ii and Catholicism, and satirize the bourgeoisie and bad social customs. He wrote 27 plays in different styles. His classical drama beautified the kingship and became the pioneer of English classical drama in18th century. Dryden is the founder of English literary criticism. In "On Drama Poetry" and other articles, he affirmed English literature since Chaucer, emphasized rationality and law, advocated the "three unifications" of tragic creation, and discussed the perfection of artistic forms. In addition to Dryden, there are other restoration dramas, such as William (1640~ 17 16), Conliffe (1670~ 1729) and Van Bulu (16). Their plays not only reflect the corrupt life of the nobles, but also cater to their vulgar pleasure.
Milton's three representative works Paradise Lost, paradise regained and Samson reflect the revolutionary spirit of the British bourgeoisie and are the greatest works during the restoration of monarchy. In addition, there are works by Bunyan, a famous novelist in the second half of the17th century.
John bunyan (1623~ 1688) is a typical Puritan writer. He was born in a rural working people's family. His father was a tinker and had no formal education. Bunyan took an active part in the bourgeois revolutionary movement. After the restoration of the monarchy, he was arrested and imprisoned twice. The first time was 12 years. Bunyan was a priest, and his wife was also the daughter of Puritans. Their family is very poor, and he has close ties with the lower classes. His creation opposed the luxury fashion and the bad habit of pursuing fame and profit at that time, which had certain social significance. His criticism of society was welcomed by readers.
Bunyan's works include his autobiography Gratitude of Sinners (1666) and Pilgrim's Progress (1678). There are also realistic dialogue novels The Life and Death of Mr. Peterman (1680), religious fable novels Jihad (1682) and Pilgrim's Progress Part II (1684). His masterpiece Pilgrim's Progress is an allegorical novel with dreamy form. Its author met a man with a heavy burden in his dream, named Christian, who was going to the city of heaven, so the Christian went through hardships and reached a perfect utopia.
When writing the hero's experience, the novel shows the evil social scene in Britain, and describes in detail the Vanity Fair and all kinds of vivid characters on country roads. The novel criticizes widespread fornication and corruption, and points out that titles and countries can be betrayed, theft, adultery and murder are rampant, and nobles are arrogant, extravagant and greedy. Although the satirical "ignorance", "Mr. Asshole" and "Mr. Love Money" in the novel are anthropomorphic concepts; But the personality is distinct and abnormal. It is the pioneer of English realistic novels. The novel adopts legendary form and people's language, which is quite popular with readers.
1688, Britain deposed James II and welcomed Prince William of the Netherlands as the king of England, which was known as the "glorious revolution" in history. Since then, the bourgeois constitutional monarchy has been established, and British history and literature have entered a new era.
Milton (1608~ 1674) is a great poet after Shakespeare in the history of English literature.
He is rich in artistic imagination and can write simple character stories into ten thousand long poems. His description of hell and the world is magnificent, and Satan and other characters in his works have unique personalities and fantastic images.
His long poems not only inherited the tradition of ancient tragic epics, but also combined the form of Christian literature, and at the same time were his great creation divorced from reality.