Keywords: engineering quality; Quality management; quality monitoring
First, the main causes of engineering quality problems
Quality is the eternal theme. Enterprises should establish and improve the quality assurance system, implement the quality responsibility system at all levels, strengthen self-control ability and improve quality awareness and management level. Vigorously promote ISO9000 series quality management and quality assurance standards, and implement scientific management.
1, quality consciousness of engineering construction and management personnel.
At present, in the field of construction engineering, construction and management personnel are highly mobile, and their educational level and professional and technical level are low. Many construction units lack necessary pre-job training for their employees. On the contrary, the professional requirements of building engineering construction are getting higher and higher, the construction technology is becoming more and more complicated, and many building projects are mainly manual operation. Therefore, the quality of construction projects depends to a great extent on the mutual cooperation between various types of work, on the quality and sense of responsibility of operators, on whether the project quality management system is sound, whether various technical specifications and procedures are seriously implemented, and whether strict acceptance is carried out according to the responsibilities, procedures and methods stipulated in the construction quality acceptance specifications of construction projects. It can be said that the influence of human factors on the quality of construction projects is fundamental.
2. Reasons for engineering geological investigation.
Failing to conduct geological survey seriously and providing incorrect geological data and data; In geological exploration, the distance between drilling holes is too large to fully reflect the actual situation of foundation. For example, when the ground of bedrock fluctuates greatly, the thickness of soft soil layer changes greatly. The drilling depth of geological exploration is not enough, and the stratum structure such as underground soft soil layer, landslide, grave and hole is not found out; Incomplete and inaccurate geological survey report will lead to wrong foundation scheme, uneven settlement and instability of foundation, cracking, destruction and collapse of superstructure and wall.
3. The project legal person behavior needs to be standardized.
At present, the construction market order and project legal person behavior are not standardized. As far as project legal person is concerned:
1) administrative intervention, violation of construction procedures, arbitrary compression of reasonable construction period, affecting the quality of the project.
2) Weak quality awareness, lax management and insufficient implementation of the project legal person responsibility system.
3) The funds are not in place, there are problems in the operation of funds, the price is lowered, and the contractor is required to pay in advance, which leads to blind compression of quality cost and quality input.
4) Irregular bidding work, illegal operation, false bidding or direct contracting of projects lead to the participation of low-qualified and unqualified design, construction and supervision teams in project construction.
4. The foundation is not reinforced.
Uneven foundations such as soft soil, flushing fill, miscellaneous fill, collapsible loess, expansive fill, exposed rock stratum, karst cave, etc. are all causes of major quality problems. According to the engineering characteristics of different foundations and the principle that foundation treatment should be combined with superstructure to make them work together, comprehensive treatment should be considered from the aspects of foundation treatment, design measures, structural measures, waterproof measures and construction measures.
5, the use of building structure.
Improper use of buildings can also cause quality problems. Adding stories to the original building without inspection and verification; The service load exceeds the allowable load of the original design; Slotting, punching, weakening the cross section of load-bearing structure, etc.
Second, strengthen the quality control in the construction process
Quality control in the process of engineering construction is an important difference between site supervision and quality supervision departments. People who don't know much about project supervision often think that the supervision engineer just goes to the site to have a look and check whether the project is constructed according to the drawings, specifications and standards during acceptance. This often leads to some quality problems and even rework. Quality control should change static inspection into dynamic control, mainly focusing on the following aspects.
1, strengthen management and supervise around the clock. Every on-site supervision engineer is required to be "diligent": that is, he should always go to the site to understand the construction situation, read more construction drawings, and be familiar with which important parts are designed; Diligent, always remember when finding problems, and keep records when dealing with problems; Hard-working, often go to the scene around; Carefully remind the construction team of the quality hidden dangers that are easy to check at any time, and make disclosure to the construction team at any time; Diligent, familiar with drawings, trying to ensure the quality of the project. In terms of working methods and depth, it is required to be "strict" (strictly in accordance with the requirements of construction specifications, strictly controlled), "accurate" (decisive and accurate in dealing with problems, based on data), "meticulous" (conscientious in work, meticulous in self-care) and "practical" (do one thing in person, check it in person, and deal with quality problems substantively. In the construction of important parts or parts with special process requirements, the supervision engineer should be on duty 24 hours a day, and handle the problems in time when found.
2. Grasp the "first", "key" and "key" projects in the project. According to the scale, engineering characteristics and technical requirements of the project, the project to be managed by the supervisor is determined from the actual needs. When pouring the first frame column, binding the first beam reinforcement, laying the first wall, painting the first wall, binding the first column, beam reinforcement and erecting the first formwork at the construction site, the supervision engineer will go to the site to check the axis and elevation, measure the dimensions of components and structures, and weigh supporting materials. For key parts of the project, such as beam-column joints of the frame, cantilever structure, staggered elevation of the structure, off-axis and other parts, the construction team is required to implement the "three-inspection system" and carry out the handover inspection of the working procedure to avoid bringing quality problems and hidden dangers into the next working procedure when different working procedures and different types of work are handed over.
3, on-site inspection, measurement inspection, data to speak. The supervision engineer inspects and judges the engineering quality through the results and data of on-site inspection and on-site measurement, and evaluates the quality grade with the measured data. Such as axis, elevation error, axis deviation, standard height or superelevation; How many steel bars are missing, how many specifications are tied wrong, how many beehives and holes are there after concrete pouring, how big the beehives are, how deep the holes are, where they are, and so on. Notify the construction unit in writing in advance, and attach the measured data, so that the construction unit can't cover up the quality problems and deal with them hastily to avoid similar quality problems in the future.
Third, enhance quality awareness and improve the quality of personnel.
Engineering quality supervision is a comprehensive work integrating law, technology, economy and administration, which belongs to the category of administrative technical supervision and law enforcement. Therefore, the quality of the supervision team and the ability to enforce the law are the basis for doing a good job in engineering quality supervision.
At present, the engineering quality in our country is constantly improving, but there are still many worrying problems, such as collapse accidents and engineering problems. The occurrence of these engineering quality problems has a lot to do with our weak quality consciousness. At present, due to the huge design market, construction market and building materials market, as well as irregular business practices, the market is chaotic. Therefore, the phenomenon of only seeking profits and lacking quality awareness is becoming increasingly obvious. If our supervision system does not attach importance to quality and has no strong sense of quality, improving project quality will become an empty talk.
To revitalize the construction industry, we must improve the quality consciousness of the supervision team. Supervision organization is a specialized department of engineering quality certification, which is related to people's life and property safety. Under the new situation, cultivating and improving the quality of supervisors, establishing the internal assessment mechanism of supervision institutions and giving full play to the position and role of supervision stations are the keys to improve the quality awareness of the whole construction industry and solve quality problems.
Four. conclusion
The quality of the project is related to the long-term interests of the country, the development of the national economy and the realization of the four modernizations. Good quality projects can increase the durability of fixed assets, reduce the use and maintenance costs of fixed assets, and provide good conditions for people's production and life. However, poor quality projects not only need to be reworked, which will cause great waste of manpower and material resources, but also delay the construction speed, affect the rapid development of investment benefits, cause long-term unreasonable production, or affect the normal production of products, and even cause serious losses to people's lives and property. Therefore, we must have high standards and strict requirements, do a good job in project quality, and provide first-class construction projects for the country and users.