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The cultural differences between China and the West lead to the six-dimensional theory of China's personality definition.
Chinese, social psychology, cultural characteristics, culture, humanistic phenomena, cultural differences.
Sohu.com reprinted an article in Beijing Science and Technology News on September 2, 2004: Six-dimensional theory of personality definition of China people caused by cultural differences between China and the West.
"Who am I?"
This is an unresolved philosophical question. On this issue, psychologists try to reveal the individual differences between people with the "data" of empirical research.
At the end of last century, western psychologists discovered the "five-dimensional model theory" of personality in the process of gradually distinguishing individual personality differences. It assumes that human behavior and personality can finally be explained by five basic personality factors. However, cross-cultural research shows that this theoretical model does not seem to cover the behavior of people living in other cultural conditions, including China people.
So, "What is the personality structure of China people?" Recently, Zhang Jianxin, a researcher at the Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, suggested that when defining the personality of China people, the "six-dimensional model" seems to be more suitable for the actual situation of China people than the "five-dimensional model".
How to distinguish between people's personalities? The "Big Five" theory exposed the gap.
Researcher Zhang Jianxin introduced that the "five-dimensional theory" is also known as the "Big Five Personality Factor Model".
American psychologists, the initiator of the "five-dimensional theory", believe that personality is an abstract structure composed of five dimensions, namely extroversion, emotional stability, responsibility, agreeableness and openness. Everyone occupies a relatively fixed point in this "five-dimensional space", and its personality measurement value is the coordinate value obtained by projecting this point into five dimensions. No two people are completely coincident in this structural space, so individual differences in personality can be distinguished by the size of measured values (or coordinate values).
For a long time, western psychologists have tried to use the "five-dimensional theory" to study personality and apply it to lively life. It can be said that in the western context, they have achieved great success. Because the five-dimensional personality characteristics they summarized can basically define the personality of westerners.
But when trying to define the personality of China people with it, it exposes a gap. This "gap" is a culture-specific problem that international psychologists are paying more and more attention to.
Although the "five-dimensional theory" is popular all over the world, it is difficult to "say" the people of China.
Are you extroverted or introverted? Can you maintain a stable state of mind and mood? How much responsibility do you have for what is outside? ..... This series of questions with the style of "Big Five" are several aspects that western psychological testers often have to consider. However, when it is the turn to use this theory to measure the character of China people, there may be dislocation. "The psychological test scale based on this theory cannot reveal the unique personality characteristics of China people," Professor Zhang Jianxin pointed out.
What's the problem? Psychologists in China discuss the similarities and differences between Chinese and Western personalities.
For more than ten years, the researcher and Professor Zhang, head of the Department of Psychology of the Chinese University of Hong Kong, co-chaired the compilation of the China Personality Scale. This extremely detailed psychological test scale reflects those personality characteristics that conform to China culture and real life, such as "human feelings", "face" and "harmony". These personality characteristics are difficult to obtain in western personality tests.
When exploring the structure of China Personality Scale, they first got four factors: leadership, reliability, personality and interpersonal relationship. In particular, the factor of "interpersonal relationship" integrates many localized personality concepts mentioned above. With the expanding influence of "Big Five Personality Theory" in the West, they made a systematic comparative study of "four-dimensional" and "five-dimensional" personality structures and found a "six-factor" model to describe the personality of China people. Combining the "four-dimensional theory" with the "five-dimensional theory", we can get the "six-dimensional theory" to measure the personality of China people.
"By combining the four-dimensional theory with the five-dimensional theory, we can get the six-dimensional theory to measure the character of China people." Researcher Zhang Jianxin said, "That is, a one-dimensional' interpersonal relationship' is added on the basis of the five-dimensional theory."
According to researcher Zhang Jianxin, the "six-dimensional theory" not only has strong theoretical persuasiveness, but also has been repeatedly verified in the follow-up research in recent five or six years, which proves that the model has high repeatability and reliability.
In contrast, westerners emphasize "openness" and China people emphasize "interpersonal relationship".
The personality structure of "six-dimensional theory" completely covers the content of "five-dimensional theory", and the new sixth dimension highlights the unique personality characteristics of China people-"interpersonal relationship".
The "five-dimensional theory" of agreeableness also involves the relationship between people, but it is more passive, that is, judging the quality of interpersonal relationship by judging whether an individual has the characteristics of "sincerity, enthusiasm, friendliness and altruism". But in the eyes of China people, a person with a high score of agreeableness is just an upright, honest and noble person and a good person. However, there is still a saying in China that "honest people suffer". China people always take the initiative in interpersonal relationships, which depends on whether a person can become a "person", whether he knows how to establish relationships and whether he can handle different interpersonal relationships flexibly. Therefore, the sixth personality dimension just reflects the unique cultural characteristics that China people pay special attention to interpersonal relationships.
It's not that the West doesn't pay attention to how to "be a man" and how to engage in interpersonal relationships, but in their culture and system, "be a man" is not emphasized as deliberately as China, and even "engage in relationships" has become the way for many people to survive. Those who are "honest" and "honest" in western society will rely more on the protection of laws and regulations than on the protection of "contacts" when obtaining their own interests.
Another valuable discovery in the "six-dimensional theory" is that "openness" is very prominent in the personality structure of westerners, who emphasize innovation, aesthetic pursuit and rational thinking. This personality characteristic is emphasized by westerners, but ignored by China's value system, although it is hidden in the hearts of China people to some extent.
No matter whether it is an oriental or a westerner, there is a * * * on personality.
Zhang, Zhang, Zhang and other researchers believe that although there are differences in personality characteristics between orientals and westerners, * * * should be more important relatively. After all, we all live on the same earth, we share the same genes, and the cultural, economic and social systems are not as fundamentally different as people think. So what is the reason to speculate that China people and westerners will have "completely" different personalities? The theory of six dimensions of personality is such a scientific proof, which not only contains the personality traits such as extroversion, emotional stability, responsibility and agreeableness in the five dimensions theory, but also highlights the personality traits with China cultural characteristics.
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This Sunday, Professor Chen's wonderful lecture will open the door of the "Management Lecture Hall of Peninsula University" and present readers with a beautiful appetizer!
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Let's see what he's going to cook-
What is wisdom? Wisdom = knowledge+day after day is the accumulation of knowledge day after day.
According to Professor Chen's theory of "one divides into three", there are three kinds of knowledge, and active knowledge is wisdom.
So, how to gather wisdom? What is the core content of Chinese and western leadership wisdom?
Professor Chen's leadership theory, which integrates Chinese and western cultures, connects ancient and modern times, and turns the stone into gold for modern managers from a comprehensive perspective and historical height.
The concept of modern managers
Professor Chen's words are amazing: today's rich are not made, they are made up! How did Rockefeller get rich overnight?
What is the "human nature hypothesis" that constitutes the core content of modern management?
How do economic people, social people and complex people find their own living space?
Moreover: there is food in the mouth; Harmony: Let everyone speak. So how to seek the "harmony" of human nature?
The quality of modern managers
IQ-the quality of mastering skills, because knowledge creates wealth.
Emotional intelligence-the ability to control one's own emotions and the ability to control others' emotions.
Adversity quotient-confidence in difficulties determines the height of life.
So how can we have the "stable quality" necessary for leaders?
What is crisis leadership? What's the difference between being able to do it and being brave?
The art of leaders
What is the principle of leadership art? Who is the wrong person? How to avoid the high consumption of talents? What does the story of cooking fish in the same phase inspire us? Which do you accept, the "barrel theory" or the "nail rake theory"? What did the fiery training market mislead us?
How to understand the art of selecting and employing people from the stories of Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang?
What is the art of usufruct?
How to interpret the leadership thought in Zhouyi —— "Yuan Henry's chastity", "combining rigidity with softness, being dense and big" and "being born in time"?
One class may exceed your years of accumulation. Professor Chen tells you: this is not exaggeration!
What is a good lecture? "Simple explanation, unique viewpoint, profound insight and humorous language". Is this question simple?
Li reporter Li Huinan
Chen's main resume
● 1975.5 ~ 1978.2 Secretary of the Youth League Committee of Huanren County, Liaoning Province
●1978.3 ~1981.12 studied as secretary of the party branch at Dongbei University of Finance and Economics and obtained a bachelor's degree in economics.
●1982.1~1992.3 Assistant Professor, Lecturer, Associate Professor, Master of Laws, Doctor of Economics, School of Economics and Management, Jilin University.
●1992.4 ~1995.10, deputy head of the people's government of Benxi county, Liaoning province
●1995.1~1998.1director of Benxi Economic System Reform Committee.
● 1998.2 ~ 200 1.2 Director and Party Secretary of Benxi Foreign Trade and Economic Committee.
● 200 1.3 ~ Up to now, director, professor and doctoral supervisor of human resource management department, School of Management, Dalian University of Technology.
Lecture preview
Peninsula Morning News and Dalian University of Technology School of Management jointly sponsored.
Theme: Leadership Wisdom in Chinese and Western Cultures
Speaker: Chen (Head of the Department of Human Resource Management, School of Management, Dalian University of Technology, doctoral supervisor, professor)
Time: 9 am on Sunday, August 27th, 2006.
Venue: International Academic Lecture Hall, 2nd floor, Block B, Dagong Science Park
Lecturer: Senior managers of government and enterprises.
Reservation hotline: 84706566
84706567 84706058
Special note: As the "Management Lecture Hall of Peninsula University" is open for free, seats need to be reserved. Readers and related personnel who are interested in attending this lecture hall should make an appointment as soon as possible.
Simple-Complex-Simple —— Impression of Chen
In people's usual way of thinking, professors and scholars are pedantic, and they want to investigate the roots of trivial things around them. Food, clothing, housing and transportation also need the proof of the ancient sages, which is really "decadent"! For example, in the classic old film Break, Ge Cunzhuang plays the classic line of the old professor: Let's talk about it next-the role of the horse's tail. ...
The interview arrangement of Zhang Xu, director of the EMBA Center of Dagong University, was somewhat unexpected. He only said: Professor Chen came back from England yesterday and will go to America with the dean tomorrow. You can talk to him this morning ... Professor Chen will be invited to give the first lecture of "Dagong Peninsula Management Lecture Hall".
Later, I learned that Zhang Xu was deliberately suspenseful. The moment I met Professor Chen, I was no longer nervous, because he was really out of touch with the imaginary old professor. I said I didn't do my homework, and I knew almost nothing about you and your research topic. He smiled kindly and even said it didn't matter, as if it was his fault, but I should be relieved! This is the virtue of being a teacher and being willing to teach, right?
In less than two hours, Professor Chen said to briefly talk about his resume first, and then briefly talk about his organizational management and leadership theory. Professor Chen said that western traditional culture is instrumental thinking, focusing on "tools"; China's traditional culture is rational thinking and pays more attention to "Tao". In fact, the two are the unity of opposites, that is, the unity of science and operability. If Tao is not transformed into a device, it will have no application value, and it will lose the purpose and significance of learning; If "Qi" does not rise to "Tao", it will be impossible to grasp the internal relations and essential laws of things, let alone draw inferences from one another. EMBA teaching, so many bosses are sitting here, without convincing people to get wisdom and convincing evidence, "class is over" is inevitable.
I'm not even a layman in management, but after listening carefully, I feel refreshed. I have an impulse to communicate with you, tell you what I have heard, and confirm to people with practical management experience that Chen's course is still the same, behind closed doors.
One of the main courses taught by Professor Chen in the EMBA class of University of Technology is "Organization Management and Leadership Art", and the most distinctive features of his course are the combination of Chinese and Western, the integration of "Tao" and "device" and the integration of ancient and modern times. With a good knowledge of classical Chinese, academic background of western economics, nearly ten years of government management experience and personal experience of visiting more than 50 countries around the world, Chen confidently formed his own management thought and grasped and supported this subject from a historical height.
When talking about his teaching, he made an analogy: if you shine a little spark in management practice, I will help you chain it into a torch; If there is a torch in your management thought, I will light it for you. Don't tell me how much you "learned" from my lecture. I'd rather hear how much I "learned". This may be the realm of "self-learning without a teacher" pursued by many people.
Professor Chen received systematic case teaching training at Harvard Business School, but he didn't copy it. He absorbed the methods and skills of Harvard case teaching, paid attention to localized cases, organically integrated case teaching with situational teaching, interactive teaching and experiential teaching, and formed his own teaching characteristics. In his class, there are usually four roles: the icebreaker (the first speaker), the challenger (questioning the point of view), the walk-on (occasionally offering a thought-provoking point of view or example) and the packer (summary). Professor Chen said that he was a director, and he activated these four roles by "setting doubts", "starting doubts" and "dispelling doubts". But he has one more goal than the director, and that is to finally realize the role transformation-let everyone become the last packer!
Let Professor Chen briefly summarize his teaching style. He smiled, but didn't answer. He said that a good teacher will explain things in simple terms and simplify complex problems, but this process is by no means that simple! From simple to complex, it is a research process, and from complex to simple, it is an energy release process.
"Thinking" is the field in the heart, and "thinking" is the phase in the heart. When abstract nouns are combined with the ancient wisdom of word creation, everything will be suddenly enlightened. This is the simplicity of regression.
Take Mr. Chen's car out of Dagong Campus. When the car passed under Lingshui Bridge, there was a left turn, and the road conditions were complicated. Professor Chen said to Mrs. Chen, who is driving for the first time: Follow the car in front and you will pass smoothly. Hehe, sometimes, simplicity is a shortcut.