Sorry, politics. What is said is: the sage can do it without waiting for the second time, can't waste it without waiting for the need, the evil can be punished without teaching, and the moderate can be transformed without waiting for politics. If you are undecided, there will be Zhao Miao. Although the descendants of princes and scholars are also 6, they cannot belong to etiquette 7. It belongs to Shu Ren. Although Shu Ren's descendants have accumulated literature, they are upright and can return to propriety and righteousness, so they belong to the literati in Qing Dynasty. Therefore, we should wait for those who talk, talk, cheat, cheat and escape to come from the opposite side and teach them with posts. Encourage them, celebrate them, reward them, punish them, ensure their positions, and abandon them if they are uneasy. Five diseases (1 1), harvesting and cultivation, material learning (12), official consumption (13), complete coverage. Only in this way can those who go against the times die without forgiveness. The husband is called the virtue of heaven, and the monarch is also in power (14).

Listen to politics (15), treat kindness with courtesy, and treat ill with punishment. If the two are different, the virtuous are not mixed, and the right and wrong are not chaotic. If the sage is unworthy, the hero will arrive, and if right and wrong are not chaotic, the country will be ruled. If it is, the fame will be heard day by day, and the world will be willing (16), and the king's business will be over.

Those who listen to it with dignity and fierceness, but are not good at faking it (17), are afraid and don't kiss, and the weeks are endless (18); If so, the major events are almost too late (19), and the minor events are almost too late (20). If there is more than this (2 1), then the words are opposite, try (22); If so, listening to the big event (23) is annoying and harmful.

Therefore, the law is not discussed, and those who fail to achieve it will be abolished, those who fail to achieve it will do it (24), and those who fail to achieve it will do it (25). Therefore, to discuss by law, to pass on by post, there is no hidden plan, no evil, no hindrance by everything, and a gentleman can't do it. Therefore, those who are fair should listen to their scales (25); Neutralizing agent, listening rope; Those who have laws follow the law, those who have no laws follow the example (27), and listen to it (28); Partial party without classics (29) and listen to it (30). Therefore, there are good laws and chaotic laws. Got it; There is a gentleman's chaos, and it is unheard of in ancient and modern times. Chuan said, "The rule of life depends on the gentleman, and the chaos depends on the villain." This is also called.

The average score is unbiased (3 1), the potential is uneven (32) and the crowd is uneven. One day, heaven and earth were different, and the Ming king began to establish state ownership (33). Two expensive husbands can't match (34), and two thieves can't match. It's day (35). Potential, such as evil. Things can't fight (36), and fighting will be chaotic, and chaos will be poor. The former king hated the chaos and wanted to divide the etiquette and justice, so there were rich and poor, noble and low. This is enough to bring each other close (37), which is the foundation of raising the world. Book (38) says, "Not Qi (39)." This is also called.

Horse (40), the gentleman is uneasy; The terrible politics in Shu Ren made the gentleman uneasy. If the horse is scary, it will be quiet; Shu Ren's bad politics is just a blessing. Choose talents and appoint people to show respect (4 1), promote filial piety, collect orphans and widows, and help the poor. If so, Shu Ren will be safe. Shu Ren came to power, and then the gentleman came to power. Chuan said: "The monarch, the boat is also; Shu Ren, water also. Water can carry a boat or overturn it. " This is also called. Therefore, if you want peace, you must be honest and love the people; If you want to respect, then Mo Ruolong respects the scholar (43); If you want to make a name for yourself, Shang Xian can do it. This is also a big festival for the monarch and the people. Take three sections, and the rest are improper; The third section is improper, and the rest is useless even if it is (44). Confucius said: "The big festival is also, the small section is also, and you are also; The big festival is also true. As soon as the small section comes out, it will enter (45), and so will Zhong Jun; The big section is wrong, although the small section is right, I don't know the rest. "

Cheng Hou, heir male, king of the product number (46), not taking the people (47); Child production, taking the people, not for politics; Guan Zhong, as a politician, has not practiced etiquette so far. Therefore, the king (48), who practiced rites, was strong for politics, peaceful for the people and died for the people. Therefore, Wang Fumin, the bully Fuji, is the only doctor left in the country, and the country is rich (49). The treasure is solid, the people are poor, and the husband is overflowing. Can't keep it, can't fight, just stand and wait. So, we gather together to die, and the enemy is strong. Those who gather together are also good at calling the enemy, fattening the enemy, subjugating the country and endangering their health, so a wise king will not follow suit.

Note 1 time: official order. (2) stop: "tired", need, need, for a moment. 3 yuan: First. 4 Moderate: Normal. Wu Niansun's "person" is Yan Wen. Politics refers to punishment and reward. ⑤ Miao (Mu,); Pass "mu". Zhao Mu, father is Zhao, son is Mu. This refers to ranking up and down. ⑥ The word "leaf" was removed. ⑦ Genus: attribution, combination. 8 literature: refers to Confucian classics. Pet-name ruby: refers to a legitimate occupation. Attending physician: Wait. (1 1) Five diseases: dumb, deaf, lame, brokeback and dwarf. (12) According to ability. (13) Official gift: * * gift. Yi (Yi), give clothes to wear. Eat (think,) give food. (14) Wang Niansun said "Wang Zhizhi" should be preceded by the word "yes". (15) ellipsis: refers to the main point. (16) I wish: I admire you. (17) False: tolerance. Tao, enlighten me. (18) Circumferential closure: closure. Exhausted, that is, the other party said incisively and vividly. (19) almost: close. Pool, waste. (20) Then: preach "drop" and drop. (2 1) Ning: Ding. (22) before: pass the "bee". (23) Listen: I've listened too much. (24) Position: Set the position. (25) Team: Pass "Down". (26) Listen: the original "post". Balance, scale, standard. (27) Class: Similar. (28) exhaustion: the ultimate. (29) Eccentricity: favoritism. Classical and conventional methods. (30) monarch: preach "the way out". (3 1) points: birthright. Even, equality. Partial, next to (32) one: the highest. (33) local: governance. System, system. (34) thing: serve food. (35) number: method. (36) Mountain (good sound): through "nurturing", abundant. (37) concurrently: obtain "supervision", supervision and monitoring. (38) See Lu Shangshu's punishment. (39) qi: refers to. Uneven, refers to arithmetic. (40) Yu: car. (4 1) Benedict: loyalty. (42) Then: Yes. (43) Dragon: Respect. (44) Qu: Deliberate. (45) Access refers to gains and losses. (46) Cheng Hou and Sigong: both were kings who defended their country and country during the Warring States period. Get together, refers to the cheap change. (47) People-oriented: win the hearts of the people. (48) Wang (): verb, achievement. (49) Reel (qie): box.

How to govern? The answer is: talented people can be appointed regardless of the order of official positions, tired and incompetent people can be dismissed without waiting for a moment, the culprit can kill him without education, and ordinary people can influence him without waiting for punishment. If the age is uncertain, there must be age. Even the descendants of princes and princes are classified as ordinary people if they can't act according to etiquette. Even the descendants of ordinary people can be included in the list of Qing people if they have rich classics, correct behavior and can act according to etiquette and righteousness. Therefore, those who say evil things, do evil things, use evil things skillfully, evade and be willful, give him a proper career, educate him, wait patiently for him, encourage him with rewards, and punish him with punishment; If you can satisfy your duty, then keep him; If you feel uneasy about your duty, abandon him. Your Majesty takes in and provides for the disabled and gives them something according to their abilities. Their food and clothing are provided by * * *, and all of them are taken care of, without omission. If intelligence and behavior run counter to the times, kill him and never forgive him. This is called Tiande, and this is the politics of kings.

The essentials of dealing with political affairs are: if you come with good intentions, treat them with courtesy; Whoever comes with bad intentions will be punished. If the two are clear, saints and unpretentious are not mixed, right and wrong are not mixed, saints and unpretentious are not mixed, and heroes come to join; Regardless of right and wrong, the country will govern the country. If this can be done, the reputation will be more and more remarkable day by day, and everyone in the world will admire it, and the king's career will be completed.

Anyone who deals with political affairs is always dignified and violent, but he doesn't like to forgive and enlighten others. People are afraid to approach them, and they don't want to speak their minds. In this way, big things are close to giving up, and small things are close to falling. If you are gentle and relaxed, like to tolerate and enlighten people, and there is no limit, then evil words will gather together and temptation will rise like bees. If so, what you hear in your ears is too complicated and the affairs are too complicated, which will hinder the handling of political affairs again.

Therefore, if there is a legal system without discussion, there will be problems where the legal system cannot reach. If the setting is not smooth, there will be problems that the position cannot be reached. Therefore, there is a legal system to discuss, a position to be set up, smooth communication, no hidden conspiracy, no forgotten charity, no fault in everything, not that a gentleman can't do it. Therefore, fairness is the measure of dealing with political affairs, and neutralization is the measure of dealing with political affairs. If there are laws to follow, we must act according to law. If there is no law to follow, take something similar for analogy, which is the extreme of dealing with political affairs. Favoring private interests without formal laws is an evil way to deal with political affairs. Therefore, if there is a good legal system and the political situation is chaotic, this will happen; There are gentlemen and political chaos, which have never been heard since ancient times. There is such a record: "Governance is better than a gentleman, and a villain is born in chaos?" That's the truth.

If the birthright is equal, there will be no deviation, if the power is the same, there will be no respect, and if everyone has the same status, no one will obey slavery. There is a difference between heaven and earth. A wise king relied on the rule of law when he first established his country. Both sides are noble and can't serve each other, and both sides are humble and can't serve each other. This is a natural law. Power and status are the same, so will desire and hatred. Insufficient property will inevitably lead to competition, competition will inevitably lead to disorder, and disorder will inevitably lead to embarrassment. The former king hated this kind of chaos, so he made a distinction between etiquette and law, so that people could have equal differences between the rich and the poor and supervise and restrict each other. This is the foundation of defending the world. Shangshu said, "There are similarities and differences." That's the truth.

Driving a horse is frightening, and a gentleman is uneasy in the car; The people are politically frightened, the gentleman's position is unstable, and the horse is frightened. It is better to calm down; If people are scared, it is better to be nice to them. Choose the virtuous and appoint the competent, use loyalty and respect, advocate filial piety and support the orphans, and help the poor. In this way, the people will be satisfied with politics. Only when the common people are content with politics can the gentleman stabilize his position. There is such a record: "a gentleman is a boat, a villain is water;" The knife cuts bread and fingers. "That's the truth. Therefore, people who rule the people are big enough to want law and order, and small enough to make politics fair and care for the people; If you want to gain glory, it is better to advocate etiquette and respect bachelors; If you want to establish fame, it is better to respect Shang Xian and appoint talented people. This is the big joint that rules people. If these three joints are right, then there is nothing wrong with the others; These three joints are not suitable, so other things, even if they are suitable, will not help. Confucius said, "Great joints are good, but small joints are good. This is the superior king; When the big joints are good, the small joints are lost, which is the king of China; The big joints are not good, and the small joints are good, but I don't need to look at anything else. "

Cheng Hou and Sigong are monarchs who exploit people's money and make small calculations, regardless of winning over people's hearts; Zi chan won the hearts of the people and did not consider promoting politics; Guan Zhong, who knows how to engage in politics, ignores self-cultivation and courtesy. Therefore, people who salute righteousness can achieve Wang Ye, those who promote politics can govern the country, those who win the hearts of the people can be at peace, and those who exploit the people will perish. Therefore, people who make Wang Yefu rich, people who make great achievements, people who make scholars rich, people who make countries that barely exist rich, people who make doctors rich, people who make countries in distress rich, and people who make baskets full. The baskets are rich, the warehouses are full, and the people are poor. This is called "top full and bottom leaking". You can't defend yourself inside, you can't fight outside, and the disaster of overturning and peril is coming soon. Therefore, the accumulation of wealth leads to destruction, and the enemy is strong by getting the wealth he has accumulated. The act of plundering common people's property is the road of attracting bandits, strengthening the enemy, destroying the country and harming oneself, so a wise king does not take this road.

Comment on Song Yaokuan: "It is best to dive into such a big discussion, that is, to govern the country from generation to generation."

He Ming Meng Chun: "Look how many words he accepted. It is a real dragon, and this paragraph is indispensable. "

Gu: "There are ups and downs in the text, and there are rules and regulations, but the words are magnificent, and the text is also born."

Huo Mingdao: "The text is as mighty as the Yangtze River, ... and the theory is set with paragraphs and reviewed step by step. For example, Jianghuai and Hehan went to the Song Dynasty respectively ... "(For the above four articles, see Ming Jiao Hong's Comments on Twenty-nine Children).

Chen Mingshen's "Zhuzi Pinxie Xunzi": "The queen's method is humble and easy to observe."

National comment on Xunzi: "Qin served as a criminal law and died the next year. Li Si said that he followed the teacher and had to lead the dog out of Shangcai East Gate. ..... The Italian chapter "University, Flat World" talks about the disaster of getting rich in depth, and the writing is particularly handsome. "

Wang Zhi is a political paper that expresses Xunzi's political thoughts. In this article, Xunzi elaborated on Wang Zhi's administration, Wang Zhi's listening to politics, Wang Zhimin, Wang Zhi's system, Wang Zhi's theory, Wang Zhi's rank, Wang Zhi's use, Wang Zhi's ordering officials and so on. This excerpt is the first part of the article. In this part, Xunzi advocates the use of talents regardless of official position; He believes that the ruler should "love the people with righteousness", "respect the scholars with courtesy" and "make Shang Xian", which is the great festival of the ruler. "Three sections are suitable, and the rest are not."

This article is rich and colorful in words, elegant and plain, which can be described as "gentle". The analysis of the problem is profound and nuanced, and the words are vigorous and powerful. It deserves to be an excellent political essay.