In argumentative writing, we often adopt a step-by-step approach. The so-called gradual deepening means that the problems discussed are from shallow to deep, from phenomenon to essence, from "what" to "why" and then to "how to do it", that is, we often say "asking questions", "analyzing problems" and "solving problems". The process of argumentation is also the development process of people's thinking about things. Around the central argument or discussion of the article, expand the level, elaborate one by one, and finally draw a conclusion. Generally, under the commander-in-chief of the central argument, a number of sub-arguments subordinate to the central argument and serving to explain the central argument are established by using the hierarchical argument method, and the central argument is profoundly and powerfully proved by expounding them one by one.

Hierarchical expansion can be divided into two types: progressive and parallel according to the relationship between each layer (or argument).

The characteristics of progressive layered argument are the progressive relationship between sub-arguments, the deepening of argument, revealing the connotation of the topic layer by layer, and making the central argument deeply expounded. Its function is thorough analysis and profound reasoning.

The parallel layered argument is characterized by the horizontal expansion of the level of argument and the juxtaposition of the relationship between sub-arguments, that is, the central argument or the central issue discussed is demonstrated from different angles and sides. The various sub-arguments in coordinate form seem to be independent, but in fact they are closely related and inseparable whole.

Whether it is progressive layered argument or parallel layered argument, there is a problem of what to write first and then what to write. If the order of each layer is reasonable, the article will be clear and logical, otherwise it will be disorganized and chaotic.

There are many specific ways to arrange the hierarchical order, which should be based on the writing purpose of each article, generally in line with the process or habit of people's understanding of the problem.

1. Hierarchical extension

Essays using hierarchical expansion method often have multiple levels of argumentation, and each level often contains a sub-argument and arguments to prove this sub-argument. There are relations between different levels, from shallow to deep, from phenomenon to essence, and step by step, all of which serve the central argument. In this way, aiming at the central argument, we will analyze it layer by layer, further demonstrate it step by step, and finally discuss this argument thoroughly.

Spread side by side

Parallel expansion is an important method to open and expand ideas, and it is also a means to make the argument as full and perfect as possible. After an argument is established, think about what aspects can be used to demonstrate, and associate and arrange the aspects that can be used to demonstrate one by one. In this way, the train of thought is opened. Put all the necessary aspects out, so that the argument will naturally be full, thorough or perfect. In the process of parallel development, we can also discuss at different levels in the form of comparison, and consciously compare two things, meanings, attitudes or behaviors to highlight the correctness of one of them, so as to achieve the purpose of argumentation.

In the process of conducting hierarchical discussions, we should pay attention to the following:

First, what kind of argument structure should be adopted for hierarchical discussion should be based on the needs of writing content and the characteristics and specific circumstances of the topic or material itself. Whether it is gradual expansion, parallel expansion or comparative expansion, each has its own characteristics and advantages. Therefore, when establishing a discussion method of hierarchical discussion, we should pay attention to finding the best combination point between the method and the specific writing situation, and we should not rush into it.

Second, don't have too many layers. Due to the limitation of space and time, there should not be too many levels of argumentation, otherwise it will tend to be scattered and chaotic, but it will distract forces and weaken the effect of argumentation. Generally speaking, it is better to divide it into three or four layers.