The shift of the economic center of gravity to the south is an important event in the ancient history of China, which reflects the great changes in the economic development in ancient China. The Yellow River Basin is the main birthplace of the Chinese nation and the earliest developed area in China, with a concentrated population and developed economy and culture, becoming the earliest economic center. The sustained and rapid development of southern economy is the main manifestation of the shift of economic center of gravity to the south.

History: (1) The development process of the southern economy.

1. From the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Three Kingdoms period, we focused on developing the south.

2. During the Eastern Jin and Southern Dynasties, the south was developed on a large scale, and it began to catch up with the north at the end of the Southern Dynasties.

3. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the economy in the south developed rapidly, and the gap between the north and the south was not big.

4. During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, the southern economy further developed.

5. From the Southern Song Dynasty to the Yuan Dynasty, the economy of the South developed remarkably, completely surpassing that of the North.

6. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the southern economic center of gravity was consolidated and developed.

(B) the major development period of the economic center of gravity moving south

1. The period from the end of the Western Jin Dynasty to the end of the Southern Dynasty. During this period, due to the war in the north and the inward migration of ethnic minorities since the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the economy in the north declined. The relatively stable environment in the south of the Yangtze River made the northern people move south to avoid the war, which increased a lot of labor force for agricultural production in South China, especially brought advanced production tools and technologies. Together with the Han nationality in the south and the ethnic minorities such as Shanyue, they built water conservancy projects and reclaimed large areas of fertile land. Rice cultivation techniques have been improved, wheat has been popularized, and Niu Geng has been popularized. The economy in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River has developed rapidly, and Fujian, Guangdong and Guangxi have also developed to a certain extent. By the end of the Southern Dynasty, the southern economy began to catch up with the northern one.

2. From the Anshi Rebellion to the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period. During this period, the north once again experienced long-term war and the economy was seriously damaged. It didn't recover and develop until after Zhou Shizong, while the south was relatively stable. In order to preserve and enhance their own strength, rulers of various countries pay more attention to agricultural production. At the same time, many Zhongyuan people moved to Jiangnan, which increased the local labor force. Therefore, the social economy of the South has made great progress.

3. The Southern Song Dynasty took the "Jingkang Change" at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty as the turning point. During this period, the people's struggle against gold prevented Jin Jun from moving south, and the northern working people moved south one after another, which made the southern economy advance by leaps and bounds on the original basis. In Jiangsu and Zhejiang, where farming technology is the most developed, paddy fields have increased, rice planting area has expanded, and the yield has been greatly improved. The proverb "Suzhou Lake is ripe, and the world is full" vividly reflects the important position of Taihu Lake basin production in the country. In addition, the promotion of cotton planting, the improvement of cotton textile technology, the progress of shipbuilding technology, the development of commodity economy and the prosperity of overseas trade are all beyond the reach of the north, which shows that the southern economy has surpassed the north and achieved an unshakable economic center of gravity. As for the opening of water and sea transportation in the Yuan Dynasty, the seeds of capitalism in China first appeared in Jiangnan, further illustrating this unshakable economic center.

(C) the characteristics of the economic center of gravity moving south

The southward shift of the economic center of gravity in ancient China has three obvious characteristics:

(1) A large number of northerners moved south, bringing advanced production technology and experience, which reflected the highest productivity level at that time; (2) The trend of southward migration is often the most prominent in the period of national division or separatist war; ③ The southward movement of the political center has certain influence on the southward movement of the economic center.

(IV) Reasons for the shift of the economic center of gravity to the south ① There are many wars in the north and the south is relatively peaceful and stable; (2) A large number of farmers in the north moved to the south, bringing advanced production technology and supplementing the labor force in the south of the Yangtze River; (3) Jiangnan rulers pay more attention to economic development in order to develop their strength; (4) The working people in the north and south strive to develop Jiangnan; ⑤ The production conditions and natural environment in the south are superior.

(5) The law of economic center of gravity moving south: from north to south, from the Yellow River basin to the Yangtze River basin and south of the Yangtze River; Gradually transferred from the mainland to the coast.

Geography: the reason for the shift of economic center of gravity can also be understood from a geographical perspective: climate impact. Before the Song Dynasty, the grain was mainly dry land crops such as wheat and millet, and the environment suitable for the growth of these crops was the temperate continental climate in the north. Zhancheng rice was introduced in the Northern Song Dynasty and became the main crop in the Southern Song Dynasty. In the Ming dynasty, the output increased and the area expanded. Rice is not suitable for planting in temperate continental climate, but suitable for planting in the subtropical monsoon climate zone in the south of the Yangtze River with good light and heat conditions, simultaneous rain and heat, abundant water resources and developed water conservancy projects.

Jiangnan is dominated by plains and hills, with deep soil layers, which are easy to cultivate and operate. Tea tree, sugarcane and citrus are more suitable for planting in Jiangnan.

Soil erosion is serious in the north, natural resources are destroyed and the environment is deteriorated, which affects agricultural production. This situation is mainly caused by man-made forest burning and land reclamation, resulting in soil erosion and land area reduction.

Traffic and foreign trade have also promoted the development of Jiangnan.

Politics: The shift of the economic center of gravity to the south is the inevitable result of the dialectical relationship between the local natural environment and the whole social productive forces.

The enlightenment of the phenomenon that the economic center of gravity moved south in ancient times: political stability is a necessary condition for economic development; The ruler's emphasis on economic development is an important factor in its economic development; The timely introduction and application of the most advanced science and technology in economic construction is an important guarantee to promote rapid economic development.

Based on the above reasons and understanding of current events, in the process of China's current western development, the development and protection of ecological balance are dialectical unity, and we should take the correct road of sustainable development.

At present, the development of the western region is not a shift of economic focus to the west, but an important measure to narrow the gap between the east and the west and take the road of prosperity, which embodies the basic principle of common prosperity for all ethnic groups.

Second, the test sample

Example 1: Read the following materials.

Material 1: In the Han Dynasty, the Yangtze River valley was still "low temperature in the south of the Yangtze River, ... the land is vast and sparsely populated, and fish are eaten in rice soup or boiled water." After the Han Dynasty, the development process of the Yangtze River basin was accelerated, and by the late Southern Dynasty, it had developed into an important rice producing area along the Ganjiang River. During the hundreds of years from the Eastern Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties to the Sui, Tang and Song Dynasties, there were frequent wars in the north, and a large number of people moved south, which greatly increased the population in the south, and immigrants turned to hilly areas to reclaim land, which promoted the development of mountainous areas in the Yangtze River basin. Li's Historical Enlightenment on Flood and Ecological Environment in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River in Tang Dynasty

Material 2: Shetian development is a typical form in the early development of the Yangtze River basin. Shetian, "the land of slash and burn in the gorge", cut down mountains and trees in early spring. When planting, if it rains, it will be destroyed the night before, and its ash will be used as dung. If it rains tomorrow, plant it at high temperature, which means that the seedlings will be harvested twice. "This farming method is still visible in Sichuan, Yunnan and other Yangtze River valley areas in China.

Data 3: Statistics of historical Jingjiang flood water level and elevation.

The highest flood level will rise with time.

average annual growth rate

0.2m 0.0087cm Neolithic to Han Dynasty in 2300.

Han to Song and Yuan Dynasties 1400 2.3m 0. 164cm

800 years since Song and Yuan Dynasties11.101.39cm.

Material 4: preliminary statistics of major floods in the Yangtze River from Tang Dynasty to the end of Qing Dynasty.

Floods in past dynasties occurred once every few years on average.

Tang dynasty 289 16 18

Song (Jin) 3 17635

Yuan dynasty 9 1 16 5.6

Ming Dynasty 276 66 4. 1

Qingming 268 62 4.2

Materials 2, 3 and 4 are all from "Flood Research in the Yangtze River Basin".

Combine the materials and answer the following questions:

(1) Use historical knowledge to analyze the process and causes of the development of the Yangtze River basin.

(2) Using materials to analyze the problems and reasons in the development of the Yangtze River basin.

(3) Use the relevant knowledge of philosophical values to talk about your understanding of the ancient development of the Yangtze River Basin.

Answer: (1) Process: The development process accelerated after the Western Han Dynasty, and the Yangtze River valley gradually became the economic center of China in the Tang and Song Dynasties.

Reasons: Jiangnan has superior natural conditions and political stability; The war in the north; The working people migrated to the south.

(Note: If the historical facts and reasons of the development of the Yangtze River Basin are answered in detail, equal points will be given. )

(2) Problems: The ecological environment is destroyed, the water level rises, and the flood increases year by year.

Reasons: Backward farming methods (social fields) have led to the destruction of plants and soil erosion.

(3) Understanding: In ancient times, the economic development of the Yangtze River basin only paid attention to the economic value of nature and ignored the ecological value of nature. This one-sided view of values led to excessive squandering of nature and was finally punished by nature. Therefore, in the future economic development, we should attach importance to environmental protection in order to achieve sustainable development.

Example 2: Read the following materials and answer the questions according to what you have learned:

Comparison table of economic development in eastern, central and western regions (1996)

Indicator Eastern, Central and Western Regions

The total social population is 499.62 million, 433.54 million and 279.79 million respectively.

The GDP was 3,972.689 billion yuan, 526.39 billion yuan and 265.26 billion yuan respectively.

Per capita GDP is 79514,426 yuan and 3,456 yuan.

The number of college students per 10,000 population is 30.4,22.1,19.5.

(1) What happened to the economic center of gravity in China from the Qin and Han Dynasties to the Song and Yuan Dynasties? This paper tries to analyze the reasons for the differences in economic development between eastern and central and western China since modern times from the perspective of nature and society.

(2) How to solve the gap between the eastern, central and western regions by using the relevant knowledge learned in political lessons?

(3) What is the significance of solving the gap between the eastern, central and western regions to China's politics and economy?

Answer: (1) During the Qin and Han Dynasties, the economic center of China was in Guanzhong area and the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River basin, including Shaanxi and Henan areas with xi 'an and Luoyang as the core; During the Three Kingdoms, the Jin Dynasty and the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the center of gravity began to move south. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, China's economy developed together in the Yellow River basin and the Yangtze River basin. By the Song and Yuan Dynasties, the economic center of China had shifted to the south of the Yangtze River.

In modern times, the economic development in the eastern coastal areas of China has been faster than that in the central and western regions. The reasons include: after the two Opium Wars, the western capitalist countries opened the coastal gateway of China. First, China's coastal self-sufficient natural economy disintegrated, and capitalist relations of production emerged, which was objectively beneficial to economic development; Western capitalist enterprises, westernization movement enterprises and national capitalist enterprises are mostly concentrated in the eastern coastal areas, which is conducive to economic reform and development; The convenience of information and foreign trade in coastal areas is conducive to the development of commodity economy.

The eastern part of China is dominated by plains and hills, with flat terrain; The western region is dominated by mountainous plateaus, and the terrain fluctuates greatly; The eastern part belongs to the monsoon region, with more precipitation, which is a humid and semi-humid region; The west is a non-monsoon area with less precipitation and a large desert area. Due to the above natural conditions, the agricultural production in the east is mainly planting, and the land productivity is high. The western region is dominated by animal husbandry.

(2) The state should strengthen macro-control, guide the flow of scientific and technological personnel to the central and western regions, strengthen investment in the central and western regions, tilt to the central and western regions financially, speed up the reform and opening up of the central and western regions, actively develop horizontal cooperation with the eastern regions, and actively develop ties with the world economy.

Developed areas in the east should actively help and support the development of backward areas in the central and western regions, encourage the flow of talents and funds to the central and western regions, and the backward areas in the central and western regions should be self-reliant and work hard, make full use of local resources, and turn resource advantages into industrial advantages. The eastern, central and western regions should give full play to their respective advantages, learn from each other's strong points and combine with each other.

(3) It is conducive to the coordinated economic development of the eastern, central and western regions and realizes the strategy of sustainable development; It is conducive to the common prosperity of the people in the eastern, central and western regions, preventing polarization and achieving socialist goals; It is conducive to fully demonstrating the superiority of the socialist system; Conducive to national unity, national unity and social stability; It is conducive to consolidating the socialist system and improving China's comprehensive national strength and international status.