First, the steps of writing an outline:

(1) Determine the abstract of the paper, and then supplement the materials to form a summary of the full text.

Abstract is the prototype of content outline. General books and teaching reference books have abstracts reflecting the contents of the whole book, so that readers can know the general contents of the book as soon as they turn over the abstracts. When writing a paper, we also need to write an abstract first. List the title, headline and subtitle of the paper before writing, and then delete the selected materials to form a summary of the content of the paper.

(2) The distribution of pages of the original paper

After writing the abstract of graduation thesis, we should consider the length of the thesis and the number of words to be written in each part of the article according to the content of the thesis. If you plan to write an original paper of 20 pages (300 words per page), you can consider using 1 page for the preface, 17 page for the paper and 1-2 page for the conclusion. Part of this theory will be reissued. If this theory has four items, the first item can be 3-4 pages, the second item can be 4-5 pages, the third item can be 3-4 pages, and the fourth item can be 6-7 pages. With this allocation, it is convenient to equip and organize materials, and writing can be more planned. The length of graduation thesis is generally 5000-6000 words, because it is too short, it is difficult to tell the problem thoroughly, and it should not be too long as a graduation thesis, which is determined by the theoretical basis and practical experience of ordinary college and undergraduate students.

(3) Write an outline

Thesis outline can be divided into simple outline and detailed outline. A simple outline is highly generalized, which only shows the main points of the paper, and how to develop it is not involved. Although this outline is simple, it can be written fluently because of its thoughtfulness. Without this preparation, it is difficult to write fluently while thinking.

Second, the drafting of graduation thesis outline

How to draw up the outline of graduation thesis? First of all, we should grasp the principle of writing the outline of graduation thesis, and therefore we should master the following four aspects:

(A) to have a global concept, starting from the whole to check the status and role of each part in the paper. See whether the proportion distribution of each part is appropriate, whether the length of each part is appropriate, and whether each part can serve the central argument. For example, there is a paper on the dialectical unity of deepening reform and stability in enterprises. Taking an enterprise in * * City, Zhejiang Province as an example, the author said that as long as cadres set an example in the reform and share joys and sorrows with employees, they can gain the understanding of most employees. From the overall concept, we can find that we only talk about how to reform the enterprise to be stable, but we have not discussed how to deepen the reform, change the operating mechanism of the enterprise, improve the economic benefits of the enterprise, increase the income of employees, and finally achieve social stability.

What is the idea of the paper?

I. Thesis and Logic

A graduation thesis, like other articles, should be the unity of content and form. Content refers to theme and material, while form refers to logical structure and language expression. The content of the paper certainly plays a decisive role, but the form of the paper is not passive, in fact, it plays an important role. Scientists know that if people want to think, they must use concepts, judgments, reasoning and other forms of thinking. These thinking forms are not only the means used by human beings to reflect objective reality, but also the basic materials for constructing papers. Only by mastering these thinking forms and their related logical requirements can we write a graduation thesis with logical color. Therefore, in the process of writing graduation thesis, students should abide by the basic laws of logic and consciously put these basic laws into every link of writing and the whole thesis. Specifically, we should pay attention to the following issues:

First, the content of the paper conforms to the objective reality and can be convincing.

Second, the concept is clear, the judgment is appropriate and the reasoning is coherent.

Third, the content of the paper is closely related, and the whole paper forms a unified whole.

I suggest you refer to China higher education paper net gjlw/news_view? newsid= 190

How to write the research idea of the paper?

There are ten requirements for writing a thesis. Specifically:

(1) Thesis-Topic A scientific paper has a topic and cannot be "untitled". The topic of the thesis is generally about 20 words. The size of the topic should be consistent with the content, with no subtitle, 1 report and secondary report as far as possible. Thesis topics are all in a direct narrative tone, without exclamation marks and question marks, and scientific and technological paper topics cannot be written as advertisements or news reports.

(2) Papers-scientific papers signed should be signed with real names and real work units. Mainly reflects the responsibility and achievement attribution, which is convenient for future generations to follow up. Strictly speaking, the author of the paper refers to the person who is responsible for the whole process of the paper, such as topic selection, argumentation, literature review, scheme design, compilation method, experimental operation, data arrangement, induction and summary, writing, etc., and should be the person who can answer the relevant questions of the paper. Nowadays, people who take part in the work are often listed, so they should be arranged according to the contribution. The signature of the paper should be recognized by myself. According to the actual situation, academic tutors can be listed as paper authors or general thanks. Administrative leaders generally do not sign their names.

(3) Paper-Introduction is a fascinating statement of the paper, which is very important and should be written well. A good paper introduction can often let readers know the development of your work and its position in this research direction. The basis, foundation, background and research purpose of the thesis. It is necessary to review the necessary literature and state the development of the problem. Use concise words.

(4) Paper-Materials and Methods Experimental objects, equipment, animals and reagents and their specifications, experimental methods, indicators, judgment standards, experimental design, grouping and statistical methods. These can be done in accordance with the magazine's submission rules.

(5) Paper-The experimental results should be highly summarized, carefully analyzed and presented logically. We should choose the best from the rough, discard the false and retain the true, but we should not make subjective choices because it does not meet our own intentions, let alone resort to deceit. Only the data obtained in the period of unskilled technology or unstable instrument, technical failure or operational error, and data obtained when experimental conditions are not met can be discarded. Moreover, when problems are found, the reasons must be indicated on the original records, and it is not allowed to eliminate them at will due to anomalies during summary processing. When discarding this kind of data, we should discard the experimental data under the same conditions at the same time, not just those that are not what we want.

(VI) Discussion is the key and difficult point of the paper. We should look at the overall situation, grasp the main controversial issues, and discuss from perceptual knowledge to rational knowledge. It is necessary to analyze and reason the experimental results instead of repeating them. We should focus on the achievements and opinions in the relevant literature at home and abroad, and show our own views, especially the opposing views. In the discussion of the paper, you can put forward assumptions and ideas about the development of this topic, but the discretion should be appropriate, and it should not be written as "science fiction" or "imagination".

(7) Thesis-conclusion or conclusion The conclusion of the thesis should be written with clear and reliable results and conclusive conclusions. The text of the paper should be concise and can be written item by item. Don't use such vague words as "summary".

(8) Paper-Reference: This is a very important and problematic part of the paper. The purpose of listing the references of the thesis is to let readers know the ins and outs of the research proposition of the thesis, to facilitate the search, and to respect the work of predecessors and to have an accurate positioning of their own work. So there are both technical problems and scientific moral problems here.

(9) Papers-The directors, technical assistants, providers of special reagents or equipment, funders and people who have made important suggestions on the thank-you papers belong to the thank-you objects. Paper thanks should be sincere and true, not vulgar. Don't thank the professor in general, and don't just thank others. Before writing a paper to thank you, you should get the consent of the person being thanked, and you should not pull the banner into a tiger skin.

(10) Paper-abstract or abstract: Briefly summarize the full text of the paper in about 200 words. Always put the first one. The abstract of the paper needs to be carefully written and attractive. Let the reader read the abstract of the paper just like seeing the miniature of the paper, or want to continue reading the relevant parts of the paper after reading the abstract of the paper. In addition, several key words should be given, and the key words should be written in real key academic vocabulary, not in general terms.

How to write an argumentative point of view?

The test points of argumentation ideas of argumentative essays include: 1, identifying the structural model of argumentative essays; 2. Divide the argumentative paper into paragraphs; 3. Elaborate the thinking of argumentative writing; 4. Summarize the main points of paragraphs and parts; 5. Refer to Tianjin 1 for the methods of appraisal and demonstration. Grasp the linguistic symbols that point out the structural ideas. Candidates should learn to grasp key words (symbols) and paragraphs, and accurately extract and summarize the answer information. Argumentative writing has distinctive stylistic features and standardized language expression, so it shows certain rules in expression. For example, open the question table below, which will be discussed in depth; "Qiao" is inheritance; "Say it again" to promote the table; The "truth" table turns to the opposite argument; "In short" summary; "Same" refers to analogical reasoning and so on. 2. Understand the general structure and thinking of argumentative writing. "Asking questions (putting forward arguments or topics)-analyzing problems (proving arguments)-solving problems (drawing conclusions or strengthening arguments)" is the general structure of argumentative writing. Candidates need to pay attention to how arguments or topics are put forward; How does the author demonstrate the argument from several aspects? The structure of the article is total score (total score, total score), hierarchy, or parallel comparison.