Zola (Amir; ; 1840 ~ 1902) French writer. The leader of the naturalistic literary school. 1840 was born in Paris in April of 12, and 1902 died in the same place on September 28th. His father, an Italian engineer, moved to France and died when Zola was 7 years old. His mother is Greek. 1859, Zola failed to take the high school graduation exam. In the next two years, she tasted the bitterness of unemployment, thus experiencing the life of working people and preparing conditions for future literary creation. 1862, joined Ashter Publishing House. 1864, his first collection of short stories was published, and the following year he wrote an autobiographical novel "Confessions of Claude", which attracted the attention of the police because of its obscene content and was forced to resign the following year. With the appearance of the industrial revolution, the social changes in the19th century prompted realist writers to describe all aspects of social life. Zola promoted this realism to a new stage. He emphasized data research and objective description, comprehensively explained life from the perspective of philosophy of science, and looked at the behavior and performance of others from the perspective of pure matter. 1867, Zola put his scientific theory into practice for the first time, and published a creepy novel, Delis Lagan. The following year, Zola wrote another scientific empirical novel, Madeleine Phila. 187 1 year, the first novel "The Fate of the Lugong-Markard Family" was published, and the novel "Lugong-Markard Family-Natural History and Social History of a Family in the Second Empire" was serialized. Subsequently, one book was published every year. 1877, the seventh book "Small Hotel", which studies the consequences of alcoholism, came out, and Zola became famous and embarked on the road to success. Then, it took him 16 years to write the remaining 13 books, among which Nana, Germination, Money, Crash, and Dr. Pascal are all very important. In a sense, from Charles Louis Napolé on Bonaparte's coming to power to the Franco-Prussian War in 1870, France lost in Sedan, and the Lugon-Markard family is a portrayal of all aspects of French life. After The Lugongmaca Family, Zola wrote two short stories, Three Cities and Four Gospels. Zola believes in science and is a scientific determinist. He believes that naturalism is an inherent factor in French life. He claimed that his method originated from Introduction to Experimental Medical Research written by Bernard, a physiologist in the19th century. Zola said in his paper on experimental novels that writers can prove new conclusions drawn in the laboratory on fictional characters. He believes that human nature is completely determined by heredity, and shortcomings and disgust are the result of a family member's illness in the palace, which has been passed down from generation to generation. Once the reason is clear, it can be overcome through the combination of medical treatment and education, thus improving human nature. This is the main idea that runs through the Lugong-Mccard family. Zola put forward the naturalistic creation theory from the mid-Kloc-0/860s, advocating literary creation through scientific experiments, describing people according to biological laws, and indifferently recording all aspects of real life. He emphasized the in-depth observation of society and mastered a lot of life materials, and basically followed the realistic creative method. In the sensational case that Dreyfus, a Jewish French officer, was falsely accused of selling military secrets to Germany, Zola stepped forward in June 1898 and published an open letter in Sinian. The first sentence is "I accuse". He exposed the plot of the French General Staff to frame Dreyfus, and was sentenced to prison for libel, so he had to flee to England and return to France in June of the following year. During his exile, he began to write four gospels: reproduction (1899), labor (190 1), truth tune (1903) and justice (unfinished). In art, Zola's works are famous for their magnificent scenes, great spirit, rough and bold style, exaggerated descriptions and a lot of detailed descriptions. Germination (1885) is Zola's masterpiece. This novel describes the miserable life of miners with the strike of coal miners as the background. Zola died of gas poisoning in Paris. After death, a public sacrifice was held and the body was moved to the Pantheon. Zola was a controversial figure before his death. His works were regarded as obscene books by the conservative public, especially his work Land was criticized by public opinion when it was published in 1887. Throughout his life, he failed to enter the French Academy. References:

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