Differences: First, the characteristics of the essay (that is, analyzing and suggesting the composition)
Argumentative writing is an article that directly explains things, expounds opinions and declares opinions. Its center lies in "facts", "opinions" and "viewpoints", and its expression is mainly discussion, which is different from narration.
"Explaining things", "expounding opinions" and "declaring opinions" are all for "answering questions", that is, for answering and solving problems. Broadly speaking, the essay answers all kinds of questions, from the universe to the world and from social life. As small as one thing, one thing, every word and deed, any problem can be "talked about" and "said". But if we sum up many problems, we can roughly divide them into three categories:
What is this? -problems in category and nature;
Why? -Problems in cause and purpose;
What do we do?-Problems in methods and approaches
. But when it comes to an article, what questions to answer are specific and targeted, so the discussion must have a certain topic range. For example, on the topic of "friendship", we can talk about the "category and nature" of friendship and answer the question "what is it"; You can also talk about it from the aspect of "reason and purpose" and answer the question of "why" friendship is needed; You can also talk about "ways and means" and answer the question of "how to do it" to get friendship. Although these three problems will exist in the whole history and the whole world, it is hard to see such a person in real life: he doesn't understand what true friendship is, why people need friendship, and he doesn't understand the ways and means to get friendship. And we want to write a short article, it is impossible to face "all mankind" and only a limited audience. Therefore, if you want to write an article about friendship, there is no need to answer three questions one by one. If the person you are targeting mistook "friendship between wine and meat" and "friendship between brothers" for friendship, you can answer "what is true friendship"; If the person you are targeting is withdrawn, introverted and likes to be alone, talk about the value of friendship; If your target is so eager for friendship that you are distressed by it, you can answer a question "How to get friendship". In fact, most compositions (especially thousands of words) only answer (or mainly answer) one or two questions.
When discussing and answering questions, we should make people understand, believe and even follow suit, so we must pay attention to science and reason. If you don't know how to pretend to understand, you can't talk nonsense; It is even worse to argue irrationally and spread fallacies. However, if you master scientific knowledge and have the truth in your hand, you may not be able to "make people understand, believe and walk". Here, you need to learn the methods and skills of argumentation. The basic method of argument is "putting facts and making sense", which is almost known to all, but it is not easy to "put facts" and "make sense" with strength. Just say "put the facts". What kind of facts are "released"? This is a "qualitative" problem. It depends on how many facts you have to choose, and whether you can choose the most telling fact. How many facts are "released"? This is a question of quantity. Of course, the more the better, but the less the better. The most suitable "quantity" is to be able to "cover" your topic. Also, how to put the facts? This is a question of "law", and the point here is to make the facts consistent with your own views. The same fact, what to say and what not to say; What to say first and then what to say depends on the needs of the point of view. Otherwise, even if the facts are true, they are not convincing. Let's talk about "reasoning" first, which is the weakest link in middle school students' argument. The so-called reason, in the final analysis, is to analyze the relationship between things (or factors within a thing), such as matter and spirit, phenomenon and essence, part and whole, accident and necessity, cause (condition) and result, theory and practice, history and reality and so on. From the needs of the article, any kind of relationship should be analyzed. As long as this analysis is scientific, it will be accepted by most people.
In addition to "putting facts and reasoning", there are methods such as analogy, comparison and quotation. In addition to the methods and skills of argumentation, there are also problems of composition and structure. A variety of argumentation methods and structures are important conditions to ensure that science and truth are "understood, believed and acted upon", which is also a feature that cannot be ignored in argumentation.
In written language, it is also to publicize science and truth, and to "make people understand, believe and walk". Therefore, every concept, every judgment and every reasoning must be accurate and logical. Accurate, can be "vivid" and "vivid".