C.F. F.Gauss, a famous German mathematician, physicist, astronomer and geodetic scientist, 1777 was born in a craftsman's family in Brunswick. When he was young, his family was poor, but his intelligence was abnormal. Before he entered the school for education, he was sponsored by a noble. 1795 ~ 1798 studied at the university of g? ttingen, 1798 transferred to the university of Helmstadter, and 1799 obtained his doctorate for proving the basic theorem of algebra. Professor of University of G? ttingen from 1807, director of G? ttingen Observatory from 1855 until his death in G? ttingen.

Gauss portrait

Gauss/Kloc-entered Brunswick College at the age of 0/5 and began to study advanced mathematics. He independently discovered the general form of binomial theorem, quadratic reciprocity law, prime number distribution theorem and arithmetic geometric average and other mathematical laws. 1795 Gauss entered the University of G? ttingen. 1796, 19-year-old gauss got a very important achievement in the history of mathematics, that is, the theory and method of drawing a regular heptagon ruler. Five years later, 180 1 year, Gauss proved "Fermat prime number" and so on. Since then, Gauss's research on mathematics has never stopped until 1855, when he died in his sleep in the early morning of February.

Gauss's achievements in mathematical research are all over the fields of mathematics, and he has made pioneering contributions in number theory, non-Euclidean geometry, fractal geometry, hypergeometric series, complex variable function theory, elliptic function theory and so on. Contrary to Pythagoras' mathematical research, he attached great importance to the application of mathematics and liked to use mathematics to study astronomy, geodesy and magnetism.

When Gauss was young, his father was the foreman of a tile factory, so he always paid the workers every Saturday. Once gauss's father paid him a salary, little gauss stood up and said, "dad, you are mistaken." Then he said a number different from that calculated by his father. Although little Gauss has been lying on the floor as if nothing had happened, in fact, he has been secretly following his father to calculate who's account. As a result, they recalculated again and proved that little Gauss was right, which made the adults dumbfounded, because little Gauss was only three years old at that time. Gauss also often said that he had learned to calculate before he learned to speak. He also often said that he learned to read by himself after he asked adults about the pronunciation of letters.

Gauss entered primary school at the age of seven. Later, the teacher had a difficult problem in arithmetic class: write down the integers from 1 to 100 and add them up! Seeing that the children are just beginning to learn to do problems, the teacher thinks it's time to have a rest. Unexpectedly, Gauss handed the answer to the lecture table in less than a few seconds. Other students added up the numbers one by one, sweating on their foreheads, but Gauss sat quietly, ignoring the contemptuous and suspicious eyes cast by the teacher. After the exam, the teacher checked the answers one by one. Most of them are wrong, and students who make mistakes will be whipped. Finally, Gauss's answer was turned out, and the teacher was surprised to find that there was only one number 5050 on it, which was of course the correct answer. Gauss explained his answer as follows:1+100 =10/,2+99 =10/kloc, 3+98 =10/kloc. Gauss discovered the symmetry of arithmetic progression at such a young age, which shows his talent in mathematics.

The prime number distribution theorem and the least square method were discovered by Gauss at the age of 18. Gaussian then focused on the calculation of surfaces and curves, and successfully obtained Gaussian bell curve, that is, normal distribution curve, whose function was named standard normal distribution or Gaussian distribution, and was widely used in the calculation of probability.

Gauss summed up the application of complex numbers when calculating the trajectory of Ceres, and the concept of triangle congruence theorem and the proof of quadratic reciprocity law were discussed in his first masterpiece, Number Theory. With the help of his survey adjustment theory based on least square method, Gauss calculated the trajectory of celestial bodies. So we found the trajectory of ceres. Ceres was discovered by Italian astronomer Piazi in 180 1 year, but he delayed his observation due to illness and lost the trajectory of this asteroid. Piazi named Ceres after the "Goddess of Harvest" in Greek mythology, and announced the previously observed position, hoping that astronomers all over the world would look for it together. Gauss calculated the trajectory of Ceres through the previous three observation data. An Austrian astronomer successfully located Ceres according to the orbit calculated by Gauss. Gauss is famous in the world. In the book "The Theory of Celestial Motion", he wrote down his own method of speculating the trajectory of Ceres.

In order to know the date of Easter in any year, Gauss also deduced the calculation formula of Easter date. Gauss also led the geodetic work of Hanover Principality, and through various mathematical measurement methods he invented, the accuracy of measurement was significantly improved. Out of interest in practical application, he invented the solar reflector, which can reflect the light beam to a place about 450 kilometers away. Gauss later improved the original design more than once, and his successful mirror sextant was widely used in the measurement of the earth.

At that time, Gauss began to study the theory of surface and projection, because the conformal projection theory of ellipse on the sphere could solve many problems in geodesy at that time. He also independently proposed that the parallel formula of Euclidean geometry could not be proved to be' physical' inevitability. But his non-Euclidean geometry theory has not been published. Later, the relativity of physics proved the correctness of Gaussian theory.

Gauss tried to verify the correctness of non-Euclidean geometry by measuring the sum of the internal angles of the triangle formed by three hills in geodesy, but failed. Then Janos, the son of Gauss's friend Bao Ye, proved the existence of non-Euclidean geometry, and Gauss was very happy about it. 1840, Lobachevsky, a Russian, wrote the article "Geometrical Research on the Theory of Parallel Lines" in German. After this paper was published, it attracted the attention of Gauss. He attached great importance to this argument and actively suggested that G? ttingen University hire Lobachevsky as an academician of communication. In order to read his own works directly, 63-year-old Gauss resumed learning Russian and successfully mastered the language. Gauss's achievements in mathematics made him one of the fathers of Huifen geometry.