1. Huangzhou, Hubei: "A misty rain lasts a lifetime."
In A.D. 1079, the talents and achievements of Huzhou and Su Dongpo were envied by the villains in the imperial court. On the surface, Shen Kuo, who wrote Meng Xi Tan, was catching up with Su Shi, but in fact he was undercover. He took Su Shi's poems away and commented them one by one, and then wrote a letter accusing Su Shi of "fooling the court and being conceited". In this way, Su Shi was detained, which was accompanied by this. This is the famous Wutai Poetry Case in history. After spending 130 days in Wutai prison in Shenjing, many people came forward to make it clear for Su Shi, but he was eventually demoted to Huangzhou, where he served as an assistant ambassador for Yong ying (similar to the commander of the civil self-defense forces). That year, he was 43.
Huangzhou is my hometown, where there is the famous Huanggang Middle School. I studied in high school there for three years. I really like the open and free atmosphere of high school like a university. I also like famous teachers who are conscientious and have their own strengths, and I prefer diligent and versatile students. Our school is about ten minutes away from Dongpo Chibi, where Su Shi wrote Looking Back at Chibi. At that time, our literary society organized Chibi to look back. After coming back, everyone wrote essays and collected them into a book, which I have kept to this day.
When Su Shi arrived in Huangzhou, he had nowhere to stay, so he had to live in Dinghui Garden in the city for a while. Looking up, there are flowers all over the mountain, and there is a begonia. Begonia is a precious flower in Su Shi's hometown. No one knows how rare it is in such a remote place as Huangzhou. This unique lush and lonely prosperity made him see himself in an instant and sang "The land in Jiangcheng is rich in vegetation, and only famous flowers are bitter and lonely." I also know that creation has profound significance, so I sent a beautiful woman to an empty valley.
Flowers bloom and fall, and the wind and moon are boundless, which can soothe the brain, but not the stomach. Su Shi's salary is pitifully low. Su Shi found an abandoned land in the east of the city, calling himself "Dongpo", hence the name "Dongpo Jushi". He began to fan the flames, wanted to be a farmer, bought cows, hoes, buckets and sickles, and cultivated the book of nature in front of him day after day. In this particular hardship, "the face is covered with dust and the temples are like frost"; He became a catcher in the wheat field under the scorching sun. When the awn was over and the wheat was ripe, Su Dongpo squeezed the essence of nature with his diligent and honest labor, thus gaining the freedom of his mind. At this time, Su Dongpo, who is famous in the history of China literature and art, officially took the stage.
After relegating Huangzhou, he reached the peak of his own ci quality. He abandoned gorgeous rhetoric and beautiful sentences, but those seemingly simple and calm words contained strong vitality, and he really improved the quality of the Song people's spirit. His poetry, prose and calligraphy are all thousands of years old and speak for Song. The humor, transcendence and heroism in his poems are beyond others' learning. Who wants to learn, you have to go to Wutai to go to jail first, and then go to Huangzhou to farm.
As a result, the meaning of Huangzhou, a small town with distant mountains and rivers, has changed strangely. For Su Dongpo, it is no longer a difficult exile. For Huangzhou, Su Dongpo is no longer just an insignificant passer-by. They accept each other and fulfill each other, becoming an indispensable part of each other's history and life. When a rich life meets a vast land, it will inevitably deduce the most perfect historical legend.
Second, Hangzhou, Zhejiang: "To compare the West Lake to the West Lake, light makeup is always appropriate."
1089, because of fighting corruption, he resigned and went to Hangzhou to be a satrap, which is equivalent to the mayor of Hangzhou today. Compared with Bianjing, this is just a beautiful and quiet town. Su Dongpo, who lives in Fenghuang Mountain, opens the window every morning and looks south. It is a river and looks north, which is a pool of the West Lake. In this city surrounded by mountains and rivers, Su Dongpo is like a dream. Once, my friends and I were drinking by the West Lake. At first, it was sunny, but soon it began to rain. So I wrote the famous sentence "The water is bright and sunny, and the mountains are cloudy and rainy." If you want to compare the West Lake to the West Lake, light makeup is always appropriate. "Su Dongpo wrote many poems for Hangzhou in his life. These poems constitute the "urban literature" of that era. Hangzhou in his poems has both prosperous grace and the temperature of civilians.
Su Dongpo's most famous achievement in Hangzhou is the Su Causeway on the West Lake. Scholar Kang Zhen said: "Saving the West Lake means saving people's livelihood and literature." Su Dongpo raised funds through various channels, mobilized residents to dredge the West Lake, accumulated silt and lake grass on the west side of the lake, built a long embankment, crossed the north and south of the West Lake, divided the West Lake into lakes outside the lake, and shortened the traffic distance between the south bank and the north bank of the West Lake. This is the famous "Bai Causeway". Peach blossoms and willow trees were planted on the bridge, forming a beautiful landscape of peach blossoms and willow trees. "Su Causeway Xiao Chun" in the Ten Scenes of West Lake says that Hangzhou is as beautiful as spring. But few people know that this is the product of the combination of practicality and aesthetics. Jiang Xun lamented in Su Dongpo's works: "Can our administrative officer today expect that he knows beauty besides loving the people like a son?" .
No sooner had the flood been treated than the plague hit Hangzhou, and hundreds of people died shivering in the epidemic. At this time, Su Dongpo realized that a prescription is more useful than a thousand poems. In the face of violent death, Su Dongpo did not hesitate to contribute the secret recipe that he swore never to tell anyone, and bought medicinal materials at his own expense and suffered decoction. "Don't ask, young and old, take a big glass each." We have been unable to count how many Hangzhou people were reborn because of this prescription. Su Dongpo, on the other hand, is a person who recreates life for ordinary people.
Dongpo meat is not Dongpo's meat, but Dongpo invented it. In the recipes of Song Dynasty, mutton was the most valued meat, followed by beef. Su Dongpo, who is cash-strapped, is hard to find. Fortunately, he found that pork was very cheap. "The rich refuse to eat, and the poor can't understand." Su Dongpo began to buy pork and painstakingly studied cooking methods. Su Dongpo contributed his painstakingly developed stew method to the local people for free, so that the people were not only full, but also delicious. If today, Su Dongpo's invention will undoubtedly gain great commercial value, and maybe even rank among the Forbes rich list. But Su Dongpo is used to living Lei Feng. Others may look down on him, but he enjoys it. This is a kind of saving the world.
Because of my love for Hangzhou, I traveled to Hangzhou with my friends after graduation. Next to Yingbo Bridge at the southern tip of Bai Causeway, we visited the Su Dongpo Memorial Hall, where Su Dongpo's life and achievements in misty rain were described, and many precious calligraphy, paintings and poems were collected. After visiting the memorial hall, we walked through the long Bai Causeway and ordered Dongpo pork in the building outside the West Lake. What kind of satisfaction I feel in my heart reminds me of the precious wealth left by the mayor of 1 1 century.
3. Huizhou, Guangdong: "300 lychees a day, I am a Lingnan person, without hesitation."
In A.D. 1094, Su Dongpo, 58, was exiled to Huizhou, Guangdong again. Such a long road, there is no plane and high-speed rail, so we have to walk, and there are countless mountains and rivers in the middle. It is not easy for a 60-year-old man to walk alive. But along the way, Su Dongpo not only came over, but also had a good time.
After Meiguan, a large area of plum blossoms bloomed like clouds, and Su Dongpo no longer felt lonely when he entered Huangzhou to see Haitang. At this time, his heart became vigorous, just like the plum blossom in front of him, not afraid of the invasion of the night and the cold.
He brewed plum wine by himself, loved litchi, and wrote the most famous poem, "In the four seasons of spring in Luofu Mountain, Lu Ju and Yang Mei are new here. Three hundred lychees a day, I will grow up to be a Lingnan person. " Su Dongpo has created more than 580 works in Huizhou, which have high historical and cultural value. After Su Dongpo left Huizhou, a magnificent tide of poems about Su was formed in history. As Jiang, a poet in Qing Dynasty, said, Su Dongpo's historical and cultural self-confidence in Huizhou was fully revealed.
When Su Dongpo was in Huizhou, he brought the advanced productive forces of the Central Plains, and advocated dredging the West Lake and connecting the dredged riverbank with the West New Bridge, which was later called Su Causeway to solve the problem of people's difficulty in walking. Popularize transplanting machinery "seedling horse" and water hammer mill to improve agricultural production technology; Introduce Boluo Spring into Guangzhou, plant herbs and distribute them to the poor. It is suggested that the relevant departments prohibit soldiers and civilians from disturbing the people and reduce the burden on farmers. Now, Dongxinqiao, Xixinqiao, Chaoyun Tomb and Su Causeway in Huizhou have become permanent cultural attractions and popular projects.
After graduation, I came to work in Shenzhen and went to Huizhou several times. Huizhou West Lake often makes me want to go back and forth. I have also been to Chaoyun Tomb. Su Dongpo was romantic all his life, but not lewd. He was accompanied by three women all his life. Among them, his wife Wang Fu left early. Ten years after Yuan Pei's death, he also wrote a famous sentence, "Ten years of life and death, never thinking, never forgetting." A lonely grave is thousands of miles away, and there is nowhere to talk about it. "Such a person who values feelings and righteousness, such a clean and beautiful text, no matter from which aspect, is an example for us to learn.
4. Danzhou, Hainan: "I am from Hainan and live in Xishu Prefecture."
In A.D. 1097, Su Dongpo's carefree life in Huizhou made his political opponents unhappy, so he was banished to the more desolate Hainan Island. Su Dongpo knew that he would never return to the Central Plains in his life. He confessed his good deeds and said goodbye to his family. Only his youngest son, Su Guo, accompanied him. Su Guo, a young man, understands his father's spirit of peace and happiness, and has achieved great success in calligraphy and painting. At that time, the father and son sang poems and songs together, and they shared the same feelings and interests.
At that time, Hainan didn't even have pork. Soon, he discovered the beauty of oysters, that is, the current practice of charcoal burning oysters.
Su Dongpo likes to write brush strokes, but he has no ink. He spontaneously created ink, burned it to ashes with branches, and mixed it with Niu Pijiao to become ink.
At that time, there were almost more than 20 ethnic minorities in Hainan Island, such as Miao, Li and Han. In the case of lack of materials, Su Dongpo led everyone to cultivate together, and the client brought all kinds of food seeds from the Central Plains. He also rebuilt the rice transplanter invented by Huangzhou for everyone to use. This is the first rice transplanter in Hainan Island.
Su Dongpo saw that local people often got sick after drinking river water for a long time, so he led everyone to dig the first local well. Later generations named it "Dongpo Well" in memory of Su Dongpo. Until now, this "Dongpo Well" has been growing with the local people.
Su Dongpo became a doctor himself and opened the first hospital in Hainan.
Su Dongpo found that the local culture was relatively backward, so he volunteered to be a teacher and raised a thatched cottage named Jiuzhaitang, which was also the first school in Hainan history. At that time, not only Danzhou natives, but also many people from other parts of Hainan came here to listen to Su Dongpo's lecture. Later, the "wine hall" has been rebuilt and expanded through the ages, and now it has become the "Dongpo Academy". The first person in Hainan history and the first scholar are the students of Su Dongpo, a great writer who came out from here.
Although Su Dongpo has only been in Hainan for three years, he has turned Danzhou into a cultural center that is widely read and admired by everyone. In Hainan, "the first piece of ink, the first rice transplanter, the first well, the first hospital, the first school and the first scholar" all started from Su Dongpo, which recorded Su Dongpo's deep friendship and feelings with the local people. Su Dongpo recorded Hainan's climate, products and customs in Three Hundred Poems of Hainan, which left great reference value for future generations. Now that I think about it, it is no wonder that Su Dongpo said, "I am from Hainan and live in Xishu Prefecture." While making contributions to Hainan, he devoted a lot of feelings.
Now everyone likes to travel to Sanya with their children. If you happen to be in Sanya, you might as well take a high-speed train around the island and go to Danzhou, the Millennium ancient town where Dongpo Academy is located. It tells that being demoted to Hainan is the last glory of Su Dongpo's life. He wrote hundreds of poems in Hainan, as well as articles in papers, letters, miscellaneous notes and other genres. For Hainan, Su Dongpo is the pioneer of material civilization and spiritual civilization. For Su Dongpo, Hainan is the last twilight life, and it is also the hometown of human feelings.
Through his own life trajectory, he started from his hometown Huangzhou, traveled to Hangzhou after graduation, worked in Shenzhen after graduation, and later traveled to Sanya with his children to describe Su Dongpo's life trajectory. In Lin Yutang's view, Su Dongpo is not only a great scholar, a great writer and a versatile person, but also an optimist whose nature cannot be changed. A China person will arouse cordial admiration and smile when he mentions it. His open-minded spirit has always inspired me. He gave more to that era than he got from that era. This is what I want to learn from him. With this knowledge, I believe we can do better.