1, clarify the purpose and stimulate interest.
Chinese Pinyin is really a strange thing for first-grade children. They don't understand why they want to learn these things, and what help they have learned. As an enlightenment teacher, if you don't explain these problems clearly to your children at the beginning, your children will be at a loss in their studies, and may even be tired of learning, thus planting bad seeds of passive learning. Therefore, from the very beginning, students should be clear about their purpose, stimulate their interest in learning and arouse their enthusiasm for learning.
2, create a situation, entertaining.
In the teaching of Chinese Pinyin, we must strive to enhance the interest according to the requirements of curriculum standards, make the boring teaching of Chinese Pinyin lively and interesting, let students enjoy it and achieve high teaching efficiency. Use textbooks, pictures, stories or language, actions and other means to bring students into the situation, so that students can actively participate in learning in a happy and relaxed situation.
(1) Use illustrations to create situations, guide students to carefully observe illustrations in textbooks, and form specific situations in front of children. For example, when teaching "b p m f", I entered such a situation through observation: "When I was on holiday, my parents took me to Leshan and saw a giant Buddha on the hillside." In this case, the syllable word "father, mother, hillside, giant Buddha" is introduced, and then the letter "b p m f" is introduced. Another example is to teach g k h and guide students to observe the illustrations in textbooks. The shape of grass in pigeon's mouth, the shape of chair, the shape of tadpoles and aquatic plants in water can enhance students' impression of the shape of G, K and H, and students will not feel bored and boring when studying.
(2) Using stories to create situations, pupils' psychological characteristics are most likely to accept some vivid, concrete and interesting knowledge. In teaching, teachers can tell some interesting stories closely related to the content of the text, create a pleasant atmosphere, help students remember pinyin knowledge and cultivate students' imagination and creativity. For example, when teaching the whole syllable "One My Language", we can tell a story like this: "One day, three children who rhyme i u u are going to play in the park, but they are too young to know the way. What shall we do? They let the initials Y and W lead the way. The initial y left with a small I and became a syllable yi; The initial w takes u away and becomes the syllable wu. No one cried with the vowel u, and two tears fell out. The first letter Y saw the vowel U crying sadly, so she came to comfort the vowel U and said,' Ok, I'll take you to play, but you should wipe your tears and don't cry.' The vowel u dried the tears and became the syllable yu. She went to the park happily. "This knowledge has become a vivid and interesting story. Students accept the syllable-recognizing one thing and one language as a whole quickly, understand it deeply, remember it firmly, and attract attention when vowel Y is followed by vowel U.
(3) Using language and actions to create situations Teachers can use language and actions to create situations that students are willing to learn according to the characteristics of students who are good at imitation. For example, when teaching U four tones, the teacher can lead students to imitate the action of holding the steering wheel and make U four tones while driving. Then sum up the law: "All the way is flat without slope, two roads are uphill, three roads are downhill, and four roads are steep downhill." In this way, students' brain, eyes, hands, mouth and other organs coordinate their activities, making it difficult to make it easy, and learning will be relaxed and happy.
3. Leave the pronunciation method to students to learn independently.
Pronunciation essentials are particularly important in pinyin teaching. I remember when I first started spelling b-a-ba, I spent a lot of time teaching, and the effect was not good at all. After President Chen proposed it to me, I paid special attention to this point and cooperated with the action demonstration. Practice has proved that it is particularly important for students to master pronunciation methods. The pronunciation of the two pinyin stanzas is "the first sound is light and the second sound is heavy, and the two spellings collide badly." The key point of the pronunciation of the three-syllable section is "the sound is light and the vowel is fast, and the three-syllable continuous reading is very smooth."
For some confusing things, you can grasp the sound and shape and compare the pronunciation.
(1) Compare pronunciations and distinguish them. Some letters are difficult to distinguish in pronunciation. Such as flat tongue, nasal sounds before and after, etc. In view of this situation, I encourage students to say their confusing sounds in class, and then list them for comparison and correction. The following groups are common: z-zhc-CHS-shan-an ɡ en-en ɡ in-in-in ɡ. How to strengthen these groups of sounds? I use pictures and life expressions to help me remember. For example, when distinguishing Z-ZH, I asked students to remember the pronunciation of these two initials by saying words. Z- salary, attitude, oneself ZH- one, know, straight. So that students will not be confused.
(2) Compare glyphs and distinguish pronunciations. First-year students have poor observation and seriousness, often mispronounce and write some letters with similar glyphs. To this end, I specially summarized the wrong letters in their homework, listed several groups of similar initials, wrote them and posted them on the wall newspaper to remind them, and made up some jingles and nursery rhymes to help them remember (see point 4 for details). The following groups are listed: b-d p-q b-p f-t n-u ei-ie ui-iu.
4. Strengthen memory with children's songs.
Learning pinyin with children's songs is a major feature of this set of textbooks. In teaching, teachers should make good use of this popular form for children, enhance the interest in teaching Chinese Pinyin and improve the teaching efficiency.
(1) Learn letters with nursery rhymes. For example, teaching the lesson "a o e", through the children's song "Open your mouth A A A A A A, cock sings o o o, white goose e e e in the water, I learn pinyin, I am happy." Not only can students accurately grasp the sound shape, sound shape and main points of the three letters of a o e, but they can also gain the happiness of acquiring knowledge and cultivate children's interest in learning pinyin.
(2) Use nursery rhymes to distinguish letters with similar shapes. For example, the children's song "The umbrella handle goes down t t t, and the umbrella handle goes up f f f". Scissors up, d b won't forget. Scissors up, q p that's right. "
(3) Using nursery rhymes to memorize spelling rules. For example, the children's song "Vowel U meets j q x, dry your tears and smile". You can also write your own children's song "j q x three brothers, never play games with U, rhyme U politely, take off your hat when you see JQ X"
5, classified summary, find the law.
To learn pinyin, you should review it frequently. When reviewing, we should use classified summary and find regular methods, which will not only help students remember, but also make them remember firmly. How to classify and summarize? Can be considered from the following two aspects.
(1) In terms of pronunciation methods.
After learning the seventh and eighth lessons, we can sum up some rules of flat tongue pronunciation. For example, when pronouncing flat tongue sounds Z, C and S, the tip of the tongue should be extended forward, close to or close to the upper incisors, and the tongue should be flat when pronouncing; When the tongue is pronounced with zh, ch and sh, the tip of the tongue is inclined, close to or close to the front of the hard palate, and the tip of the tongue is inclined when pronounced. After learning lessons 13 and 14, we can summarize the pronunciation methods before and after nasal sounds. By classifying and summarizing, students can quickly infer others by remembering the pronunciation method of one letter in each category. This not only avoids the trouble of students practicing each sound repeatedly, but also systematizes the pinyin they have learned.
(2) From the aspect of matching rules.
Some sounds and vowels can't be put together, but there is no summary in the textbook. If students don't understand some spelling rules, they will often read and write many nonexistent syllables, which will disturb students' thinking and affect the teaching of Chinese Pinyin. So I often organize them to play the game of "finding friends", and find some sounds and vowels that can't be put together in the game, so that they can write them down in time and make a classified summary. For example, J, Q, X can't spell with U, only with U, P can't spell with U, E, D, T can't spell with in, only with inɡ.
6. Cooperate and exchange, teach and learn from each other.
At present, a considerable number of first-grade primary school students have mastered the knowledge and spelling ability of Chinese Pinyin to varying degrees in the pre-school education stage, which makes these students start learning again like students who have no foundation in Chinese Pinyin, and they are prone to be tired of learning. To this end, students should be given more opportunities for cooperative learning, so that they can learn from each other, communicate with each other and help each other. Encourage students to study together with the mentality of "I can read", "I teach you", "You teach me" and "I help you", and create an unrestrained learning environment for students, forming a situation in which each student is both a teacher and a student, constantly changing roles and teaching and learning from each other. Students who have basically mastered Chinese Pinyin are often invited to the podium as primary teachers to give full play to their initiative and enthusiasm in learning and experience the joy of success. Teachers timely guide, guide and promote students in the process of teaching and learning.
7, fun practice, consolidate and improve.
According to the psychological characteristics that children's thinking activities are the beginning of activities, games are introduced into the classroom to guide students to think and learn happily while playing, so that the cognitive process and emotional edification can be integrated, so that students can learn happily and kiss their memories. For example, in the game of "finding friends", students say "I am B" with cards, and students with cards with the letter A say "I am A" to form the syllable Bababa, and then they spell b-a-ba together. This game not only reviews and consolidates old knowledge, but also practices and consolidates new knowledge. Teachers can also ask each student to prepare an alphabet card. After class, students, teachers and students, children and parents can play the game of "finding friends" to practice spelling substitution. In this way, let children learn knowledge in a harmonious and pleasant atmosphere and realize the fun of learning. Learn from fun. In addition, there are games such as "driving a train", "clapping hands" and "guessing boxing". The above methods can be used alone or in combination. In short, teachers should make flexible use of students' learning difficulties.
In order to make children master Chinese Pinyin skillfully, read and write, we should pay attention to the combination of the following three aspects in the teaching process:
1, a combination of chorus and partials. Students should not only be able to quickly connect initials and finals into a syllable, but also be able to analyze a syllable into initials and finals. You can continue reading after the analysis. If you learn M-A as ma, after you can read this syllable, ask the students: How did ma come from? The student said: M is in front and A is behind. Teachers should often do oral pronunciation exercises in and out of class, and the basic methods of Chinese Pinyin teaching help students write syllables. .
2. Combination of reading and dictation.
This is a harmonious but different application. When students learn to analyze syllables, they can write syllables according to the analysis results. For example, the syllable dang is divided into two parts and ang. D can write, ang can write. Why can't dang write? So when a syllable meets, it is divided, and when it is divided, it is written. Don't put writing after a large number of syllables, but have a combination of class, point and writing.
3. Reading syllables is combined with reading pinyin essays.
The long-term boring Pinyin Festival is the easiest for students to get bored. After learning the new syllables, we should read the pinyin words, sentences and essays in the textbooks as soon as possible, so that students can consolidate and master the new syllables. Students can also write one or two pinyin words or sentences to arouse their interest in learning pinyin. Pinyin teaching must attach importance to writing teaching. People often say, "It's better to pass by once than once a thousand times." Practice writing every day, but each time should not be too long. Teaching writing should first guide students to sit and write, and writing should be correct, neat, beautiful and fast, first correct and then fast. Teachers should pay attention to demonstration and patrol guidance. The requirements should be strict, the guidance should be meticulous, and the size, length and stroke order should conform to the specifications and be meticulous. Write in a notebook with four lines and three squares. With the content of the textbook, the writing content begins to write vowels, initials and syllables, which can be written temporarily, dictation and dictation, gradually increasing the tone, filling in the blanks, combining words and writing words.