Long March 3A H2A carrier rocket
Weight 2.35 tons 3 tons
Number of musical instruments: 6 sets, 24 pieces, 14 kinds.
Working years 1 year
The track height is 200 km 100 km.
Track-type trans-polar track
Date of launch: the second half of 2007 (not launched); September 2007 14.
According to an article written by Ouyang Ziyuan, academician of China Academy of Sciences, chief scientist of China's lunar exploration project, and Yongchun Zheng, assistant researcher of the National Astronomical Observatory of Chinese Academy of Sciences, six sets of 24 scientific detection instruments were selected for the lunar exploration satellite Chang 'e 1 launched in the second half of this year, including CCD stereo camera, laser altimeter, imaging spectrometer, γ/X-ray spectrometer, microwave detector, solar high-energy particle detector and low-energy ion detector, etc., which are all used for the first time in China, and some of them are used for the first time.
According to Academician Ouyang Ziyuan's vision, Chang 'e 1 satellite will go to the moon to complete four scientific tasks.
Stereo camera CCD for shooting three-dimensional images of the moon
The original CCD stereo camera is equipped with a laser instrument to shoot three-dimensional images of the lunar topographic map.
The first task of lunar exploration is to draw a three-dimensional map of the moon. There are many versions of plane moon maps abroad, but only two of them are three-dimensional and incomplete. Chang 'e 1 satellite will adopt a different idea from other countries. It will be equipped with 1 CCD stereo camera and 1 laser altimeter, which will be combined to draw a complete and detailed three-dimensional map of the moon. The CCD stereo camera (see the picture below) takes pictures of the front, bottom and rear of the satellite flight at the same time, forming a three-dimensional image. Laser altimeter consists of laser, telescope and receiving circuit. After the satellite enters the orbit around the moon, the laser altimeter first emits a laser beam to the surface of the moon, and immediately converts the reflected beam into an electrical signal with a telescope; The circuit box that receives the signal will quickly calculate the height of the moon at the detection point. After the laser altimeter completes the trip around the moon, the heights of the detection points on the moon surface (including the dark pits in the north and south poles) will be clear at a glance. These values are superimposed with the high-precision images taken by CCD stereo camera, which is a complete and accurate three-dimensional topographic map of the moon.
Lunar element map
For the first time, γ/X-ray spectrometer explored 14 as a resource-rich area for building a lunar base.
The second task is to detect the distribution of elements on the moon. Only in 2000 did the United States use the satellite launched by 1998 to map the distribution of five elements on the moon (see middle right), including iron, titanium, uranium, thorium and potassium. Chang 'e 1 satellite will use the world's advanced gamma /X-ray spectrometer to detect the distribution of 14 elements on the moon. In this way, we can know what resources are distributed on the moon, and we can choose to exploit the moon resources in resource-rich areas in the future to meet the needs of human society. Evaluation of lunar soil thickness and helium -3 reserves by loading microwave remote sensing detector for the first time
The third task is to evaluate the thickness of soil and the amount of helium -3 resources on the moon. Chang 'e 1 satellite is equipped with a microwave detector, which is the first time in the world to install a microwave remote sensing device on a lunar exploration satellite, and it is very difficult technically. This kind of microwave detector can detect the microwave radiation intensity of objects, can work all day in all meteorological conditions, and has penetration ability, and can detect deeply buried objects. Scientists can estimate the thickness of lunar soil and the total amount and distribution of helium -3 on the moon through scientific analysis of the microwave radiation intensity of the moon. Helium -3 is an extremely rare energy source to replace oil on earth. Microwave detectors can also measure the brightness and temperature map on the back of the moon, as well as the information on the ground at the two poles of the moon.
Luan Enjie (middle in the front row), chief designer Sun Jiadong (right in the front row) and chief scientist Ouyang Ziyuan (left in the front row) are doing research work.
The domestic solar high-energy particle detector first detected the space environment of 400,000 kilometers.
The fourth task is to monitor the space environment as far as 400 thousand kilometers, record the original solar wind data, and study the influence of solar activities on the space environment of the earth and the moon. At present, China has only monitored the space environment within 70,000 kilometers. The solar high-energy particle detector and low-energy ion detector on Chang 'e 1 will detect the space environment as far as 40,000 to 400,000 kilometers for the first time. These key scientific data have important reference value for the environmental protection design of deep space probes in the future.
"Goddess of the Moon" was originally planned to be launched on September 13, 2007 local time. However, due to the weather, Japan decided to postpone the launch time to 3 1 h 14 (9: 0314 Beijing time). According to the Japanese side, the upcoming lunar exploration satellite "Moon Goddess" will open a new era of the 2 1 century lunar exploration program.
There were many lunar exploration programs in the 1960s and 1970s, such as the Apollo moon landing program in the United States. These exploration satellites have collected a lot of data about the moon, which has also led to many new discoveries, such as the difference between the near surface and the far surface of the moon. However, many recent lunar exploration programs only compete to send humans to the moon, without considering the lack of data collection or data collection in serious scientific research such as the origin and evolution of the moon.
"Moon Goddess" will collect data on the distribution of chemical elements, minerals, topography and surface structure, gravity field and lunar environment from the whole moon through more than a dozen sophisticated scientific instruments, which will be more in-depth than previous lunar exploration missions. All the data collected by "Moon Goddess" will provide us with new scientific knowledge for studying the origin and evolution of the moon.
China and Japan's lunar exploration plans will be implemented in 2007 and 2008 respectively. The purpose of both lunar exploration programs includes collecting relevant data and studying the origin and evolution of the moon. At the same time, NASA also plans to conduct a manned lunar exploration flight soon. As part of the preliminary research, NASA will launch a lunar exploration satellite in 2008 to collect data for manned lunar exploration flight. NASA's manned mission to the moon will also use the data collected by the "Moon Goddess". In other words, "Moon Goddess" will contribute to NASA's manned lunar exploration program. In addition, the "Goddess of the Moon" will carry a high-definition television camera to take beautiful images of the earth from the "horizon" of the moon.
Three scientific research goals: to study the origin and evolution of the moon; Obtain information about the lunar surface environment; Radio wave research in lunar orbit.
Launch: "Moon Goddess" will be launched by H2A rocket (model H2A2022) from Seed Island Space Center in Kagoshima Prefecture, southern Japan, and enter parking orbit with perigee of 28 1 km and apogee of 232805 km. After launching 19 days, the "Moon Goddess" will reach the moon and fly around the moon in a polar orbit at a distance of 120 km and 13000 km. On the 24th day, it will enter the orbit 0/00km away from the moon/kloc-and 2,400km away from the moon, and release a small relay satellite (30 days) to release a very long baseline interferometric radio satellite in the orbit as far as 800km. Finally, on the 37th day, the satellite was adjusted to the orbit 0/00km away from the moon/kloc-and the exploration mission lasted for one year. The original launch date was August 16, 2007, but the launch date was delayed several times because some electronic components were found to be improperly installed.
Goddess of the Moon consists of three independent units.
Orbiter: The length of the orbiter is 2. 1 and the width is 4.2m.. It looks like a rectangular box and weighs about 1984 kg. The orbiter weighs 3 tons at the time of launch, including two small satellites, with the size of 2. 1 m x 2. 1 m x 4.8 m, the attitude control is three-axis stable, the power is 3.5 kW (maximum), the running time is 1 year, the mission orbit is circular, and the orbit height is 100 km.
Small relay satellite: Small relay satellite and very long baseline interferometry radio satellite are octagonal prisms, and relay satellite will transmit information from orbiter to Earth. The relay satellite weighs 50kg, its size is 1.0x 1.0x0.65m, its attitude is controlled to be rotationally stable, and its power is 70w. Its orbit (initial orbit) is elliptical, with the near moon point 100km, the far moon point 2400km and the inclination angle of 90 degrees.
Very long baseline interferometry radio satellite: it will be used to measure the exact position and movement of the moon. The very long baseline interferometry radio satellite weighs 50kg, and its size is 1.0m x 1.0 x 0.65. The attitude control is rotationally stable, and its power is 70w. Its orbit (initial orbit) is elliptical, with a distance of 100km and an inclination of 90 degrees.