The first practical paper on the relationship between the public sector and the private sector, A Study on the Marketization Trend of Public Management in China.
Abstract: China has established a market economy for nearly 20 years, and achieved great success in a short time. While the economy and society are developing in an all-round way, the development of public management is far behind the development speed of the first two, which has become a short board restricting the overall development of our society. In today's market-oriented, the market-oriented reform of public administration in China is imperative. This paper analyzes and studies the marketization trend of public management in China.
Keywords: * * Marketization trend of public management
In recent years, China's market economy construction has made great progress and social development has made great progress. However, public management has become a bottleneck restricting economic development. The reason is the dislocation between the public management system and the market economy system. Under the condition of market economy, public management should also be in line with the market. At present, accelerating the marketization of public management has become the trend of public management reform in China.
The first is the institutional setup that adapts to the market function.
(A) the institutional setup to respond to market signals
Under the condition of market economy, the public sector should be the main body of the market, which can collect market information in time and respond to market signals. Therefore, the establishment of public sector should face the market, meet the market demand and solve the problems in the market.
(b) Grassroots organizations in the public sector should be empowered to strengthen their decision-making autonomy.
In modern management, authorization is more and more accepted by everyone, because authorization can decompose the workload of higher departments, enhance the initiative of lower departments and stimulate their creativity. Authorization is mainly realized by delegating decision-making power and policy implementation power, and it can also be realized by delegating large departments to several small institutions or delegating authority to lower-level government agencies. With independent power, public service departments can respond sensitively to the market.
(3) Enhance the flexibility of mechanism setting and improve efficiency.
Reducing the fixity of some public service institutions and increasing their liquidity are conducive to improving the utilization efficiency of institutions. In public management affairs, some are seasonal and periodic. Once the corresponding institutions are established, they will be idle after completing their tasks in a specific cycle, and they can only play their roles after the next cycle expires, which is a waste of resources. Therefore. It is necessary to replace the fixed institutional setup with flexible institutional setup and make rational use of temporary office space, which can not only effectively solve problems, improve the efficiency of resource utilization, but also increase the burden on the government and achieve the effect of streamlining institutions.
Second, highlight the administrative function of service.
The service function is mainly embodied in the provision of public goods and services, including public goods and services beneficial to the whole society and free public goods and services. It's called. Public products? These products are not exclusive. In the reform of China's public service system, we can highlight services from two aspects.
(a) to achieve the transformation of functional orientation, reduce regulatory functions and enhance service functions.
With the development of China today, social civilization, market development and social legal system have all reached a higher level, and the demand for social autonomy has become stronger and stronger. The people's material and cultural needs are increasing day by day, and the demand for social security, road traffic, public education, health and other public products is increasing day by day, while the function of public departments to provide these services is relatively lagging behind. Therefore, the transformation of government function orientation is catching up day by day. Practice has proved that the provision level of public goods in a country obviously restricts the economic development level and progress of the country.
(b) Reasonable division of roles between the public sector and citizens.
The so-called reasonable delineation of the role relationship between public departments and citizens means that public departments appear as service providers and regard citizens as consumers. On the premise that citizens pay taxes, citizens can enjoy public products provided by public departments as consumers, and ensure citizens' right to choose public products. The relationship between the public sector and the public is the responsibility of the exchange of goods and services. Customer-centered reform consciousness enables the public sector to better respond to customer requirements, which is? Administration is service, and the public is customers? Part of the movement.
Third, introduce competition mechanism.
Under the condition of market economy, competition is an effective way to improve the efficiency of resource allocation. Similarly, public administrative activities involving a wide range of fields also need to introduce competition mechanisms and effectively allocate limited public resources.
(A) to achieve diversification of the supply of public goods.
The so-called diversification of public goods supply refers to breaking the monopoly of the government on the supply of public goods, bringing the supply right of public goods into the category of competition, realizing the diversification of supply subjects, and allowing private enterprises to participate in the industry of public goods supply, with the government as the buyer. An important principle of public management reform is to separate buyers from suppliers. This reform is also an important mechanism to ensure that the public sector generally adopts market principles. Separating the buyers and providers of public services can not only reduce the cost of public services, but also reduce the workload of the government.
(B) the marketization of public decision-making
Due to the limitations of the public sector, it is easy to make mistakes in decision-making under the circumstances of strong technology and high professional requirements. Under the concept of modern social autonomy, the government's own decision-making is actually a public decision-making problem, so it is very important to ensure the scientific nature of government decision-making. In view of this, the market mechanism should be introduced into public decision-making, allowing the private sector and social organizations to put forward decision-making plans for public management or public services, which will be demonstrated by government organizations, and once they meet the requirements, the government will pay the fees to the providers. In this way, the government will get rid of the dilemma of numerous and error-prone decision-making affairs and exercise the decision-making power of public affairs as the decider and buyer of public decision-making.
Fourth, market-oriented performance appraisal.
The marketization of performance appraisal means that the performance appraisal of public administrative departments breaks the traditional internal appraisal mechanism and replaces it with a market-oriented appraisal mechanism, specifically from the following two aspects:
(A) open * * * market acceptance of administrative results
The marketization of administrative result acceptance means that the evaluation of public administrative effect should be based on social benefits, financial results and public satisfaction, rather than being evaluated by the government alone. Traditional evaluation mainly focuses on the quantity of administrative affairs and the legitimacy of the process, but less on the results. In terms of market acceptance, the test of administrative results is mainly carried out from three aspects: administrative social benefits, economic benefits and public satisfaction, not just the quantity and process of administrative activities.
(B) the performance appraisal of government staff should introduce the market appraisal mechanism.
With regard to remuneration, the salary income of public officials should conform to the level of market economy, and their salary should depend on their work performance. The better their work performance, the more they should be paid. In China, where the market economy is developing rapidly, the government's public management ability affects the development of the whole society. Therefore, combining with the reality of China's market economy, it is of far-reaching practical significance to reform and improve the mechanism and function of the government in public management and accelerate the marketization trend.
The second part of the practical paper on public relations "On the influence of new public management on enterprise management"
The core and most important idea of new public service management is to improve the service enthusiasm of public service departments and encourage them to generate motivation, so as to serve citizens and provide services according to their needs and related ability to pay. In today's market economy, enterprises pay more and more attention to the importance of management in addition to improving economic benefits. The role of new public management in enterprise management has also attracted the attention of various enterprises and even the society. This article is based on this? Analysis on the influence of new public management on enterprise management? As the theme, put forward the basic theoretical composition of new public management; The influence of economic globalization and information technology revolution on enterprise management: the influence of new public management on enterprise development.
Keywords: new public management; Enterprise development; Influence; Optimize
The New Public Management (NPM) is a new public administration theory and management model that has been popular in Britain, America and other western countries since 1980s, and it is also one of the main ideas guiding the administrative reform in western countries in recent years. It includes three levels: theoretical basis, core values and ideas, operating rules and means. The core of new public management is to emphasize the priority of economic value, the importance of market function, the large-scale application of enterprise management concepts and technologies, and the formation of customer-oriented administrative style.
First, the basic theory of new public management
First of all, the new public administration theory is different from the traditional public administration. The traditional basic theory of public administration is formed on the basis of Wilson's and Goodnow's dichotomy of political administration and Weber's theory of bureaucracy, while the supporting point of the new public administration theory is based on modern economics and private enterprise management theory.
Secondly, the most important core content of the new public service theory is to introduce competition mechanism and pay more attention to the efficiency, effect, quality and result of public service; Strengthen the strategic capacity of the national core, realize the optimal allocation of public resources, improve the efficiency of the use of public resources, and guide the country to make independent and flexible responses to external changes and the needs of different stakeholders.
Third, the new public theory emphasizes the role of the law of value and reshapes the relationship between the government and the public with the market as the guide. It advocates that the government should change the image of authoritative bureaucrats who used to give orders, provide services with the people-oriented concept, rationally mobilize and allocate economic resources for non-profit purposes, make them play a greater role, and make the public the ultimate winner with the greatest interests.
Second, the impact of new public * * * management on enterprise management analysis
1. The influence of economic globalization and information technology revolution in new company management on enterprise management
The new ideas of economic globalization and information technology revolution on the management of new companies require enterprises to change the monotonous and rigid management mode in the past, seek new management concepts and mechanisms suitable for market demand, and inject vitality into enterprises. The new public management system just caters to the needs of enterprise reform under market conditions.
Globalization makes it inevitable for enterprises from all countries to participate in the international competition stage and compete with many foreign and multinational companies on the same platform. Obviously, enterprises are facing greater pressure than before. Therefore, they must face the market, take the market demand and customer requirements as the guide, and constantly adjust the organizational management and personnel management decisions within the enterprise, so as to reduce the production input cost, improve the product quality and market share, and achieve the purpose of strong competition in service. The idea of introducing market mechanism into the management of new companies meets the needs of enterprise survival and development, and then the competition level of enterprises can be improved through the improvement of enterprise management system, which meets the requirements of current and long-term interests of enterprises.
The change of information technology has also had a great impact on enterprise management. With the rapid development of computer and network technology, the dissemination and storage of information can be separated from traditional media, and a large number of intermediate management levels can be reduced, changing the pyramid-shaped organizational structure of enterprises? Pingping? Change? Thin? This is what we usually call a flat organization. The connotation of new public management can provide a solid theoretical basis for enterprises to realize organizational flattening. Using this theory to guide practice and complete the management system reform of enterprises is not an empty concept in the general sense, but a practical activity that can be realized.
Influence of New Public Management on Enterprise Development
The personnel management system under the traditional public management mode is very rigid, and the new * * * * management system solves the problems caused by this defect and deficiency. It pays more attention to the importance of human resource management and the flexibility of enterprises in personnel management such as recruitment, term of office and salary. The traditional enterprise organization is mechanized, relatively closed, the hierarchy of higher and lower levels is too obvious, the management is constrained each other, and the departmental arrangement is inflexible, which reduces the efficiency of the enterprise. The new public management model can make up for the shortcomings of the traditional management model to some extent. This not only injects new ideas into the management of enterprise personnel system, but also reduces the disadvantages brought by the huge organization in practice, optimizes the allocation of enterprise talents and economic resources, and realizes the dual development of enterprises. The influence of new public management on enterprise development is very important. New public management advocates new ethics from organizational behavior, emphasizing? Customer first? It has changed the relationship between enterprises and society under the traditional public mode, emphasizing that the service of enterprises should be customer-oriented and should enhance the ability to respond to public needs.
To sum up, under the background of globalization and informatization, the implementation of enterprise management through the new public management concept can reduce excessive dependence on organizational management levels, reduce administrative management levels, reduce redundant personnel, and then streamline enterprise offices, and finally establish a new organization with fewer management levels and wider management scope. On the one hand, this structure reduces the administrative level, on the other hand, it broadens the scope of management and maximizes the enthusiasm of the members of the organization. From the inside of the enterprise, the information is smooth, accurate and not easily distorted, which shortens the decision-making execution time; The management cost is reduced and the efficiency can be greatly improved. From the outside, the intangible assets brought by this management system innovation can help enterprises to better establish their own image, expand their influence and win a place in the fierce market competition.
In addition, enterprises need to innovate the management of new companies according to their own conditions, make bold attempts, and establish and improve their own management system.
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