Problems in China's Construction Industry
It should be noted that while the construction industry has made great achievements and progress, there are also some problems and contradictions, which are inconsistent with the operating rules and mechanisms of the WTO. To sum up, there are mainly the following aspects; First, the market mechanism in China's construction field is not yet mature, the fragmentation of the engineering construction market has not been broken, and a unified market system that meets the requirements of the socialist market economic system and conforms to WTO rules has not yet been established; Second, a relatively complete system of laws, regulations and technical regulations has not been established, and the government has not made full use of legal and economic means to manage the industry in accordance with the requirements of the market economy system, so the level of industry management needs to be improved; Third, the price mechanism and charging standard of the industry are unreasonable, the benign operation mechanism of price and charging has not yet been built, and the economic benefits of the construction industry, survey and design industry, especially the municipal public utilities industry are not good, which greatly hinders the development of the industry; Fourth, the ability of technological innovation is relatively low.
The technical equipment level of construction industry and urban municipal public utilities industry is still relatively backward. Compared with developed countries in the fields of survey and design consultation and urban planning, there is still a big gap in design ideas, theoretical methods, business scope and operation mechanism, and the task of promoting technological progress in the industry is very heavy; Fifth, the technical and financial strength of construction enterprises, survey and design enterprises, real estate development enterprises and municipal public enterprises is not strong, and the transformation of enterprise management mechanism has not been completed in accordance with the requirements of establishing a modern enterprise system. Low management level and inflexible management mechanism. Their competitiveness in the international market is relatively weak and their share in the international market is very small. Individual industries have not yet entered the international market; Sixth, the intermediary service is still in its infancy, the system is not perfect, the management is not standardized, the team is weak, and an effective network system for understanding foreign information has not been established.
Basic principles of General Agreement on Trade in Services and main contents related to architecture.
In order to realize the liberalization of service trade, GATT formally signed the General Agreement on Trade in Services in April 1994, which became the multilateral legal framework and trade rules of international service trade.
GATS principle: GATT has six basic principles: most-favored-nation treatment, transparency, greater participation of developing countries, market access, national treatment and gradual liberalization.
Principles of China's accession to the WTO: China's accession to the WTO has two basic principles: first, it will join on the condition of tariff concessions and will not undertake specific import growth obligations; The second is to enter as a developing country. In this way, we can enjoy the corresponding treatment and undertake the obligations commensurate with the level of economic and trade development in China.
China's commitment in the field of architecture after China's entry into WTO.
-In terms of market access, all other construction areas are open to the outside world, except that the overall urban planning is closed to the outside world and high-grade real estate projects (including high-grade hotels, high-grade apartments and high-grade office buildings) are not allowed to be wholly foreign-owned. According to the specific conditions of various industries, foreign enterprises or individuals are allowed to enter the China market and provide services in four ways stipulated in the General Agreement on Trade in Services within three to five years, provided that the technology is feasible.
-National treatment: basically enjoy national treatment.
-Other parties do not make promises.
The influence of China's entry into WTO on the construction industry
Joining WTO indicates that China's construction industry will gradually connect with the international construction market within 3-5 years. With the acceleration of the liberalization of international service trade, the opening speed of China's construction sector will also be accelerated. After China's entry into WTO, although the impact on the construction industry in the near future is relatively small compared with other industries in the national economy, once China's entry into WTO, it will still have a great impact on the construction industry in China. In the long run, there are advantages and disadvantages, but overall, the advantages outweigh the disadvantages. On the one hand, if foreign enterprises want to enter the China market more, they will inevitably occupy a certain share of the domestic construction market, which will inevitably increase the intensity of domestic construction enterprises' participation in the competition and have its influence; On the other hand, it also provides a broader space for the construction industry to expand the use of foreign capital and enter the international market, and has its advantages in promoting the reform of the construction system and accelerating the transformation of the operating mechanism of construction enterprises.
-The positive impact of China's accession to the WTO on the construction industry.
1 is conducive to accelerating the marketization process in China's construction field. Although China's construction sector is still in the transition period from planned economy to market economy, after China's entry into WTO, according to the principles of market access and national treatment, China's economic construction environment will be further improved, foreign capital will enter China's real estate, urban public facilities and other markets, and the tariffs on advanced construction equipment and building materials that need to be imported will be further expanded, which will make it more attractive for foreign investors to enter China's construction market.
2, is conducive to improving the management level of the industry. After China's entry into WTO, according to the principle of transparency, the transparency of laws, regulations and technical regulations among member countries is higher, which will promote the administrative departments of various countries to strictly rely on laws, regulations and technical regulations to manage the industry, regulate the market by using laws, regulations and technical regulations, standardize the behavior of market participants and improve the market risk restraint mechanism; On the other hand, we can learn about the laws, regulations and technical regulations of foreign developed countries in the construction field according to WTO rules and through WTO organizations, learn from their industry management experience, and improve our industry laws, regulations and technical regulations system, so as to use legal and economic means to manage the industry and improve the industry management level in China's construction field.
3. It is conducive to accelerating the technological progress of the industry. After China's entry into the WTO, foreign enterprises will use their advantages to enter the above-mentioned fields, which will provide more opportunities for China to expand its technical and economic cooperation with other countries. We can use the transition period of 3-5 years to accelerate the pace of technological innovation and promote the technological progress of industries such as construction, real estate, urban planning, urban municipal utilities, survey and design and related intermediary services by expanding the use of foreign capital, joint ventures and cooperation with foreign enterprises, and introducing foreign advanced technologies.
4, is conducive to promoting the reform of the industry price mechanism. After China's entry into WTO, many foreign enterprises will enter the China market, and they will bring us the experience of pursuing profits, which will prompt us to determine the market price according to the operating rules of the market economy, which requires domestic enterprises to change the existing pricing model and determine the product price according to the price method. This is very beneficial to reverse the situation of poor economic benefits in China's construction industry, survey and design industry, especially in urban municipal utilities industry, and to establish a reasonable real estate price operation mechanism.
5, is conducive to promoting the transformation of enterprise management mechanism, accelerate the pace of enterprise reform. After China's entry into WTO, domestic enterprises will directly face the competition from foreign enterprises, which will force domestic enterprises to enhance their sense of competition and change their operating mechanisms more consciously according to the requirements of establishing a modern enterprise system. This will help state-owned construction enterprises, real estate enterprises, urban planning, survey and design, municipal public utilities in some cities and various related intermediary service enterprises to fully enter the market, and enterprises will operate independently, be responsible for their own profits and losses, accumulate themselves and develop themselves, thus speeding up the process of enterprise reform.
6, is conducive to the adjustment of industry organization structure and enterprise organization structure, enhance the international competitiveness of enterprises. After China's entry into WTO, on the one hand, with the continuous expansion of China's domestic construction market, domestic enterprises will be prompted to adjust their development strategies according to their own technology, capital and talent conditions, and take the road of collectivization and specialization by grafting with foreign enterprises, which will help improve the technical equipment level, management level and financial strength of enterprises, cultivate and bring up a number of large enterprise groups, improve the specialization level of small and medium-sized enterprises, and promote the adjustment of industrial organizational structure and enterprise organizational structure; After China's entry into WTO, with the further opening of China's financial market, the direct financing of China enterprises in the international market has been enhanced, which will be conducive to enhancing the competitiveness of China enterprises in the international market according to the principles of market access and national treatment. It is conducive to domestic enterprises to continuously explore the international market through equal competition, give full play to the comparative advantage of China's labor price, and promote the export of mechanical and electrical products and services.
7, is conducive to improving labor productivity and engineering quality level. After China's entry into WTO, it is necessary to further strengthen the market competition mechanism, introduce advanced design concepts, optimize the design scheme and construction scheme, strengthen project management, reasonably control the construction period, strengthen the implementation of technical regulations and personnel training, and at the same time, with the help of WTO rules, introduce foreign advanced construction machinery and new materials, which can effectively reduce the project cost, improve the labor productivity level and improve the project quality.
8. It is conducive to expanding information channels and timely understanding and mastering foreign construction information. After China's entry into the WTO, we can keep abreast of international market information such as new foreign construction technologies, new concepts of survey and design, real estate and urban planning, and new experience in industry management in accordance with the principles of transparency and fairness formulated by the WTO and with the help of modern information network technology. This has brought great convenience for our country to understand and master foreign new technologies and new ideas in time, analyze the trend of the international market and guide the production of domestic enterprises.
-The negative impact of China's accession to the WTO.
1 has a great influence on the market of China construction field. At present, the construction market in China is not very open and the market mechanism is not perfect. Compared with foreign enterprises, domestic enterprises have weak strength and poor ability to adapt to the market. After China's entry into WTO, according to the principle of market access and the commitment of our government, it will not have much impact in 3-5 years, but in the long run, the huge market in China's construction field, such as architecture, survey and design consultation, urban planning, municipal public utilities, real estate and intermediary services, will be favored by many foreign enterprises, and the number of foreign enterprises entering China will inevitably increase. Generally speaking, they have strong financing ability, high level of technical equipment and management, wide business scope and flexible management mechanism, and can provide services in pre-project, survey and design, equipment procurement, engineering construction and management. Therefore, with the advantages of technology, management, equipment and capital, they will try their best to occupy as many shares as possible in the construction market in China, thus posing a threat to the existing market of China enterprises, especially state-owned enterprises, and having a greater negative impact.
2. Impact on the current industry management system. Although China has formed a relatively complete system of building laws and regulations and used legal means to manage the industry, the current building laws and regulations are still far from perfect. On the one hand, the government's direct intervention in the market still exists, and the situation of fragmentation has not been fundamentally changed; On the other hand, the restraint mechanism of market risk is not perfect, and some existing laws and regulations are far from the WTO operating rules and international common models, which can not meet the needs of the new situation. After China's entry into WTO, according to the principle of transparency, administrative intervention and non-tariff trade barriers need to be gradually abolished. How to use economic and legal means to manage the industry according to w to rules is inexperienced. Therefore, China's entry into WTO will pose a severe challenge to the current industry management system.
3. It has an impact on the management of technical regulations of engineering construction. There are about 3,500 technical regulations on various types of engineering construction in China, of which more than 2,700 need to be enforced. There are some problems in the formulation, implementation and revision of mandatory standards and recommended standards, such as poor transparency, too wide scope of mandatory standards and too much content that is inconsistent with WTO requirements. After China's entry into WTO, the current technical regulations are difficult to conform to international standards, which brings great difficulties to the management of technical regulations.
4. It will have an impact on intermediary services in China's construction field. China's intermediary service in the construction field is still in its infancy, with imperfect system, irregular management, weak team and narrow service field, and no effective management and supervision mechanism, which is far behind the developed countries. At present, the evaluation, supervision and cost consultation of many major domestic projects are undertaken by foreign intermediaries. Therefore, after China's entry into WTO, the intermediary service in the field of construction in China will face severe challenges and strong pressure from foreign intermediary service institutions, which may have a great impact.
This will intensify the competition for talents. Because there are still some disadvantages in China's employment mechanism and environment, the role of talents cannot be brought into full play. Therefore, after China's entry into WTO, foreign companies are likely to use their advantages in technology and treatment to attract talents, which will probably lead to the loss of existing talents, especially senior talents, in the construction field.