In the pre-Qin period, it was called Xirong Land, Xiqiang Land, Xiongnu Right Land and West, West and Hexi Three Dangerous Places. Before Qin and Han Dynasties, Qiang and Rong lived in ancient times, and Qiang and Rong were indigenous here. Qiang people refer to the moon branch, and Wusun is the transliteration of "Rong". Sanwei Mountain is very different from Sanwei Mountain. Sanwei Mountain is a mountain in Dunhuang area. Sanwei Mountain is a vast place name named after Sanwei Mountain, including the area east of Lop Nur and west of Shule River in Xinjiang today, and it is not limited to the later division of states and counties. It can be seen that the land of three dangers does not include Jiuquan City today. In fact, Wusun originally lived in Qilian Mountain area west of Zhangye, and Yue lived in Hexi area east of Zhangye. In the slave society stage, the whole Hexi area was monopolized by the Yue people. Four years before Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty (BC 176), the Huns forced most of the Vietnamese to leave Hexi and move to the upper reaches of the Ili River. They conquered the Serbs and stayed, which was called "Da Yue" in history, while those who stayed between Dunhuang and Qilian were called "Xiaoyue" in history. From then on, Jiuquan was the pasture of Xiongnu until the second year of Yuanshou in the middle of Western Han Dynasty (12 1), so it was also called the right land of Xiongnu.
No inaugural two years (12 1 years ago), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent Huo Qubing to Hexi. This autumn, the evil king of Xiongnu was defeated, and the remnants of Xiongnu were chased outside Yumenguan. In the Western Han Dynasty, 100,000 people from number of periods moved to Jiuquan and other places in Hexi to live and farm, so the civilization and prosperity here began a new page. 2 109 years ago, in the middle of the Western Han Dynasty, Jiuquan was named after "there are springs under the city" and "its water is like wine". At this time, Jiuquan County was established in the Han Dynasty, which was named after the spring water. According to the records of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, "Ding Yuan Six Years" (11years ago) may be the time to set up Dunhuang County, but it was not the time to set up Dunhuang County. Therefore, the time to set up Dunhuang County cannot be set as the time to build the county. However, Jiuquan County and Jiuquan County were built at the same time in the second year of Emperor Yuanshou of the Western Han Dynasty (12 1). At that time, it was not called Jiuquan County, but called "Lufu County", which was the resident of the county. It was not until the fifth year of Yuankang in the Western Jin Dynasty (AD 295) that Lufu was changed to "Fulu". In the seventh year of Wude in Tang Gaozu (AD 624), Jiuquan County was established, and the name Suzhou was used.
From the establishment of Jiuquan County in the Western Han Dynasty to the first year of Taiyan in the Northern Wei Dynasty (AD 435), it was called Jiuquan County, and the county chief was Taishou. In the third year of Emperor Wendi (A.D. 583), the county chief of Jiuquan Town was called Zhenjun, and in the second year of Renshou (A.D. 602), the county was withdrawn, leaving only two levels of counties. Jiuquan Town was changed to Suzhou, and the county chief was the secretariat. In the first year of Guangde, Tang Daizong (AD 763), Jiuquan belonged to Tubo (the name of the ancient Tubo regime in China) and built "Suzhou Thousand Houses". In the fifth year of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty (AD 852), he was occupied by Tubo for 88 years. From the late Tang Dynasty to the Five Dynasties (907-960 AD), Jiuquan was a Uighur (the earliest nomadic people lived in today's Mongolian People's Republic). In the Song Dynasty (960- 1279), Jiuquan belonged to Xixia (one of the Qiang people, called Xixia Kingdom). After the demise of Xixia, Jiuquan belonged to Mongolia. In a.d. 127 1 year, Mongolia changed its name to yuan (a.d. 127 1-65438). Suzhou Wei was established in the Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1368- 1644), and the viceroy was called "the viceroy". In the Qing Dynasty (A.D.1644-1911), it was changed to Suzhou Zhili Prefecture, and its capital was well known. In the Republic of China (191-1949)1912 established Dao and Dao Yin, and 1927 changed Yin to "Chief Executive". In A.D. 1936, it was renamed as the Administrative Supervision Department of the Seventh District of Gansu Province, with the Commissioner as the chief. 1949 Jiuquan was liberated and Jiuquan Special Zone was established, and the Commissioner's Office has been established since then.
According to archaeological data, cultural relics and written records, ancient Jiuquan is rich in wild animals, dense forests and dense grasslands. As early as more than 4000 years ago, human beings settled, animal husbandry developed, and primitive agriculture and textile production came into being. Superior geographical environment and abundant natural resources provide necessary favorable conditions for the early development and utilization of this fertile soil. 1963, a stone knife and an axe belonging to the Stone Age were collected in the north of Dunhuang Antique Beach. 1975 Stone tools were discovered in Mingshan Village, Yangjiaqiao Township, 1979 Neolithic pottery pots and bowls were unearthed at the beacon tower site in Ma Quan Bay, Yumenguan. After archaeological identification, it belongs to the same category as Yumen Huoshaogou culture. It is enough to prove that in the Neolithic age (where the ancient Qiang Rong lived), there was already a certain level of agricultural production here, and hand-made pottery and animal husbandry were developed. Today, Maying River, Fengle River and Taolai River basins in Jiuquan City were inhabited as early as 4300 -2500 years ago. At present, there are 17 towns and villages in more than 20 towns and villages in Jiuquan City, which have the achievements of our ancestors. The wasteland sites of the Han Dynasty have been found many times in the boundless bumps in Xiahe River, the sweet wells in Anxi and Yumenguan in Dunhuang, and their gullies are still clearly visible. According to the records of historians. Biography of Dawan, BC 10 1 year, Li Guangli, general of the Second Division, went to Dunhuang for two years. "Sixty thousand people left Dunhuang after they were sixty years old ..." Imagine that if Dunhuang's agriculture was underdeveloped at that time, it would be impossible to raise and supply these munitions. What is certain is that Jiuquan and Dunhuang in the Western Han Dynasty were not only outposts for gathering troops and sending troops, but also bases for developing the western region.