Abstract: Due to the special occasions and uses of business English, its syntactic structure has its distinctive features. Proposed by American philosopher Grice.
One of the conversational norms is the pattern norm, which is expressed in well-structured and concise language, but some seem to violate this norm in business English.
The use of words. From these two seemingly contradictory points, this paper considers the pragmatic analysis of violating the principle of manner in business English.
Keywords: business English; Mode principle; Fuzzification; Pragmatic function
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With the rapid development of international trade, international business activities have become diverse.
The main contents of China's commercial economy. As a language carrier in international business communication
Body and business English are used more and more widely, and whether the expression is correct depends on business.
Business communication plays an important role, and the quality of language expression is gradually becoming obvious.
This is very important. Business English is applied to all fields of business activities, from
The requirements of economic and trade activities for text writing such as business letters and business English language
Precise and rigorous. Many traditional linguists point out that in language communication activities,
The speaker's language is required to be clear and accurate, but from the example of business English communication, the author
In summary, it is found that in many business activities, in order to achieve the goal, one party does not understand the language.
The expression is implicit and vague. On the surface, this is related to the traditional pragmatic principles.
There are contradictions. This paper will be based on one of Grice's conversation criteria.
Then, this paper discusses the concrete embodiment of these two seemingly contradictory concepts in business English.
First, the mode principle.
Paul Grice, an American philosopher in the 1960s.
Later, the principle of cooperation was put forward to explain it.
Conversational meaning. He proposed that natural language has its unique logical relationship. Conversational
The highest principle is cooperation, which is the so-called principle of cooperation. This principle includes four sets of standards.
Process-quantity standard, quality standard, association standard, mode standard (logical standard
Dialogue 1975).Grice believes that in all language communication activities,
There is a tacit understanding between the speaker and the listener, and both sides should abide by it.
Principle. Specifically, what each participant said in the whole conversation.
The words are in line with the goal or direction of this conversation. The model standard requires the speaker
Avoid obscure words, avoid ambiguity, be concise (avoid repetition), and
Organized. Although conversation participants almost always abide by the principle of cooperation, they don't
Not strictly observed. For various reasons, these principles are often violated, and they are opposite.
The violation of the principle of action leads to what Grice calls "conversational implicature". also
In other words, any violation of the cooperative principle will make the language different.
Answer the phone. When the speaker openly disobeys a certain rule, that is to say, the speaker knows it.
Violated a rule and wanted the listener to know that he had violated a rule.
Then, at this time, the conversational implicature comes into being. In business English, because of business
Activities have a strong communicative purpose and specific communicative objects and business terms.
There are often some seemingly vague language lists in Chinese.
Da. On the surface, these language expressions violate the model norms, but they are just right.
It conforms to the general characteristics of business English.
Second, the general characteristics of business English
English, as the basic medium of business communication, including oral and written expression, has changed from
In terms of expression, it has both the general characteristics of English expression and its own characteristics.
Features: accurate language major, decent and concise language, and polite language.
1. Professional and accurate terminology
Compared with general English, business English has its greatest characteristics in vocabulary.
That is to say, it requires the accurate use of professional vocabulary. And these words of great commercial significance don't
It is quite different from ordinary English in meaning and usage. For example:
Some abbreviations EXW=ExWorks (ex works), 4P stands for produc, t.
Price, location, promotion, FAQ = general quality (medium product,
Mainland goods). Another example is "copy/photocopy of the original certificate"
China GSP of origin is issued by the competent authority. "(official
The original GSP certificate of origin issued by the institution is in duplicate or a copy of the original), and regular meetings are held.
Some enterprises will confuse the meaning of "duplication" and "duplication" and think that.
Represents a copy. At this time, "copy" cannot be simply understood as "copy".
"duplicate" is translated into duplicate or two copies (which can be an original and a copy), but it does not itself.
Equal to "copy".
2. Appropriate and concise language
Business English, as a communicative language in specific occasions, is widely used.
It is required that these languages are effective and can be expressed in the shortest possible words.
The information you need. Time is a valuable resource for business people.
For this kind of special users, the language needs to be clear, so the language
Conciseness, avoiding redundancy and affectation are an important feature of business English.
Point. At the same time, the appropriate trading language can also leave a good impression on both sides of the conversation.
Laying a foundation is also extremely important for business people.
At the same time, the appropriateness and conciseness of business language are also reflected in the conciseness of language.
Try to avoid using outdated business terms and phrases. Everything is needed.
Enough is enough, and the use of language is too polite and artificial. For most people,
For many people who speak English as a second language, languages that are too old exist.
To some extent, it also affects the understanding of conversation meaning. For example, we are in
Roger that ... → We got it ...
We beg (have to) admit → thank you …
Pay attention to your favor → Thank you.
Thank you for your letter.
Please note that ... → (omitted)
Express my heartfelt gratitude to you →
Thank you ...
Compare the following two sentences:
Please note that we have received your letter of credit.
We inform you that the letter of credit has been received.
Your invoice number 248 has been received.
Your letter of credit has been received.
Comparing these two sentences, it is obvious that the sentence (1) uses the old business method.
Linguistically, the sentence is complicated. Relatively speaking, the sentence (2) is concise and straightforward, which directly expresses the main idea.
The topic is suitable for specific occasions such as business.
3. Politeness of language
Politeness is a symbol of human civilization and an important criterion of human activities.
As a social activity, language activities are also bound by this standard.
Politeness is the premise of establishing good interpersonal relationship and cooperative relationship. Especially quotient
Cooperation can only be achieved on the basis of good relations.
If there is no stable and harmonious interpersonal relationship and cooperative relationship in business communication,
Business activities will be difficult. Therefore, in business activities, we should pay attention to politeness.
It is an important guarantee for the smooth progress of commercial activities.
Thirdly, the pragmatic analysis of the violation of stylistic standards in language politeness.
According to the above general characteristics of business English, it is especially aimed at politeness.
Based on the characteristics of business English, this paper analyzes the manifestations of violating politeness norms.
Pragmatic and functional analysis and examples.
Fuzziness and uncertainty of the word 1.
Because objective things are inherently uncertain, they are sometimes used.
Vague words or expressions are more accurate. Especially in business negotiations, aimed at
Some can't provide definite information, but cooperation must be achieved.
Often use some vague language. Although this violates the principle of conversation mode
It is required to avoid using obscure language, but it just improves the objectivity of business English.
Accuracy ensures the authenticity of information expression. For example:
This sample is closest to the goods you need in size.
Adjective superlatives are more ambiguous in semantics. nea-
"Rest" does not point out how similar it is, but it spans the space of understanding and imagination.
For customers, it not only ensures that they are not exaggerating when introducing products, but also better.
Effectively encourage and attract customers' desire to buy.
2. Fuzziness of personal reference
When people communicate, they need to pay attention to politeness and keep the dialogue harmonious.
Atmosphere, so as to achieve the purpose of communication. But in international communication, when you meet someone
When the other party has obvious mistakes and it is not easy to point them out directly, they usually bring them.
Some expressions deliberately weaken the reference, lest the other party hear the blame.
Language breaks the relationship between the two sides. For example:
(1) If you have considered your needs in advance, this
The problem would not have arisen.
(2) this kind of problem usually does not happen if the customer
The requirements of ers are very clear.
Try to compare the above two sentences, although the meaning is the same, but
In (1), there is an obvious meaning of accusing the other party, while in (2), "cus-
"Thomos" weakens the person's reference, and makes the other person feel that it is only the other person's existence.
Explain a common situation instead of blaming yourself.
3. Implicit expression of negative content
Pessimistic and negative language expression often leads to negative mentality. because
In business activities, we should try our best to avoid this negative phenomenon.
As the language support of business activities, we should pay more attention to this point. Even in the exchange
When there is a pessimistic and negative situation, you can always find some implicit expressions, even
Replace positive and optimistic factors to ensure that the whole business communication can be in a kind of
In a positive and optimistic atmosphere. For example:
(1) Your order will be delayed for two weeks. (negative)
The goods you ordered will be shipped within two weeks. (positive)
Comparing the above two sentences, the word "delay" in (1) sentence is negative and negative.
Color. Relatively speaking, the word "shipped" in sentence (2) is an affirmative word here.
The use of two different emotional colors directly affects the listener's mentality and attitude.
There are different understandings of each other's efficiency.
4. A summary of the quoted content
Because some business activities have a strong purpose and need communication.
In this process, we should not only pay attention to the confidentiality of important content, but also achieve commercial purposes.
At this time, abstracting concrete content with uncertain words and expressions becomes da.
The best way to realize this pragmatic function. For example:
In order to start a specific transaction between us, we
I'm glad to make you a special offer.
For some inquiries, buyers often make false quotations according to specific conditions.
In the above sentence, use "special offer" to avoid using specific numbers.
Words. Doing so can not only keep high-value business information confidential, but also
In order to achieve the expected business goals.
conclusion
Today, with the rapid globalization of the world economy, international business activities are very important.
There is a great demand for professionals. These economic and trade personnel should not only master ordinary
English, but also to master the particularity of business English. Familiar with these characteristics
Its pragmatic function is helpful for economic and trade personnel to use, translate and communicate accurately and effectively.
It has played a good guiding role in promoting the development of international trade.
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