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Literary typicality is an advanced form of realistic literary image, one of the basic forms of artistic perfection created by human beings, and one of the paradigms discovered and interpreted by both Chinese and western literary theories, but western literary theories have studied it more fully and their theories are more mature.
With the spread of Marxism in China, typical western views were introduced to China after the May 4th Movement, but the real discussion and application was after the founding of New China. At the beginning of the founding of New China, typical theories were mainly transplanted from the Soviet Union. At that time, we thought that typicality was class nature, and a typical figure was to concentrate the similarities and differences of a certain class on a typical figure. This theory of "typical class theory" obviously tends to vulgar sociology and mechanical materialism.
In his letter to Fifi Lasalle, Marx criticized him and said, "I'm sorry, I don't see anything special in the description of personality." From here, Marxism puts forward an important principle of investigating the typical, that is, the principle of characteristics. This is a typical and necessary aesthetic feature. The concept of "characteristics" was put forward by the German art historian hirt (Hirt, 1759 ~ 1839).
Features: The typical features of literature are generally understood at two levels. A literary model must first have the overall characteristics that run through all its activities, and secondly have rich and colorful local characteristics under the restriction of the overall characteristics.
Full of artistic charm: all typical literary images in the history of literature have eternal artistic charm, which is often manifested as attraction, appeal and shock. It transcends national boundaries, transcends time and space, and has a wide and far-reaching influence in different nationalities and times.
It has rich historical significance: through the characterization of characters, people's universal character at that time can be summarized, more political and social truths can be revealed, and the inevitable trend of history can be reflected.