The characteristics of automatic fire alarm control system and intelligent fire alarm control system are analyzed. The design of high-rise building adopts the master-slave network structure of intelligent fire alarm control system, which solves the problems of wide detection area, large number of detectors and inadaptability of the original system in high-rise buildings and large buildings. Key words: intelligent control of automatic fire alarm detector in high-rise building Design and application of automatic fire alarm control system in high-rise building Abstract: This paper analyzes the characteristics of automatic fire alarm control system in high-rise building. Characteristics of automatic fire alarm system and intelligent fire alarm control system. By using this system, many traditional problems can be solved, including using many probes, but only controlling a relatively small area. Keywords: high-rise building; Automatic fire alarm system; Probe; Intelligent control; With the development of China's economic construction, the fire prevention of modern high-rise buildings and important buildings has attracted great attention from the national fire department, design institutes and other sectors of society. The state has formulated a series of fire prevention codes to promote the research and popularization of automatic fire alarm equipment. High-rise buildings have large construction scale, high decoration standards, dense personnel, frequent use of various electrical equipment, and there are fire hazards. In the electrical design of buildings, the fire alarm control system must be designed in strict accordance with the requirements of the code. However, it is very important to choose which control system can make the system play its role fully and effectively. 1 main components and characteristics of automatic fire alarm system There are three basic forms of automatic fire alarm system, namely, regional alarm system and control center alarm system of centralized alarm system. High-rise buildings and large buildings mainly use the control center alarm system, which is a complex automatic fire alarm system, mainly composed of trigger device, fire alarm device, fire fighting equipment and power supply. The system basically realizes the automation from notifying the fire to starting the fire extinguishing system and controlling all kinds of fire fighting equipment. The trigger device mainly includes a fire detector and a manual fire alarm button. A fire detector is a device that responds to fire parameters such as smoke, temperature, light, flame radiation, gas concentration, etc. ) and automatically generate a fire alarm signal. According to the different fire response parameters, fire detectors can be divided into five basic types: temperature-sensitive fire detectors, smoke-sensitive fire detectors, gas fire detectors, light-sensitive fire detectors and composite fire detectors. Fire alarm device Fire alarm device Fire control equipment is a device used in automatic fire alarm system to receive, display and transmit fire alarm signals, and can generate and control fire alarm signals different from ambient sound and light. In the automatic fire alarm system, when receiving the fire alarm signal from the trigger device, it can automatically or manually send out the signal and control the indicating equipment with other auxiliary functions. For example, the fire alarm is a basic fire alarm device, which sends out fire alarm signals to the alarm area in the form of sound and light. Equipment for starting relevant fire-fighting facilities and displaying their status. Mainly includes: fire alarm controller; Control device of automatic fire extinguishing system; Control device of indoor fire hydrant system; Control devices for smoke control system and air conditioning and ventilation system; Control devices for normally open fire doors and fire shutters; Elevator descent control device and fire emergency broadcast control device, fire alarm device, fire communication equipment, fire emergency lighting and evacuation indication signs, etc. According to the needs of the project, each system should have some or all of the 10 control devices. The automatic fire alarm system of power supply belongs to fire-fighting electrical equipment. The main power supply is fire-fighting power supply, and the standby power supply is battery to ensure uninterrupted power supply. In the design, the fire-fighting equipment is mainly located in the fire control center, which is convenient for centralized and unified control. Some fire-fighting equipment can be located at the scene of fire-fighting equipment, and the action signal must be returned to the fire control center, and centralized and decentralized control mode is implemented. However, the detector has false alarm phenomenon and the controller capacity is small. 2 Working principle of intelligent fire alarm control system The difference between intelligent fire alarm control system and automatic fire alarm system is that smoke, temperature, light and other related external environmental parameters are transmitted to the alarm in the form of simulation, and then the alarm judges whether there is a fire according to the obtained data and a large number of data stored inside. The addressing unit in intelligent fire alarm includes: intelligent controller, intelligent manual button, intelligent module, detector parallel interface, bus isolator and programmable relay card. A new type of intelligent fire detector, also known as analog fire detector, the output signal given by the detector is analog signal or its equivalent digital signal, which represents the response fire parameter value. Traditional detectors are called threshold fire detectors, while intelligent fire detectors have no threshold, but are equipped with special chips. The application of intelligent fire detector improves the accuracy and intelligence of alarm system. When a fire alarm occurs, the alarm controller starts corresponding external detection equipment, such as smoke exhaust valve, air supply valve, shutter door, etc. When it is necessary to receive feedback signals from external control equipment, a monitoring module should be added. Like the monitoring module, the control module is connected to the alarm loop bus and installed near the controlled equipment. Decimal coded switches are set in the module, which can be numbered on site, and each switch occupies an address on the loop bus. The alarm controller displays the specific addresses of the control module and the monitoring module, and reflects the working state of the linkage equipment through acousto-optic alarm. The programmable relay card can realize the secondary linkage control of large equipment such as fans and pumps through programming. Intelligent control is the process of driving intelligent machines to achieve their goals without human intervention. Design and application of automatic fire alarm system for engineering examples The metal buildings of Hainan Provincial Materials Bureau designed by the author from 1992 to 1993 are office buildings, with 1 floor underground and 22 floors above ground, with a building height of more than 70 meters and a building area of 12000 square meters. According to the Code for Fire Protection Design of High-rise Civil Buildings, the office building with a building height of more than 50 m belongs to a kind of fire-resistant building, so the building should be equipped with an automatic fire alarm system. The automatic home fire alarm system was selected in the design, which was common at that time and had only one host controller, and was suitable for small and medium-sized buildings. 3. 1 The building fire control center is located on the 1 floor, and each floor is equipped with a display. The basement is the equipment room, including power distribution room, air conditioning room and water pump room. The room is equipped with fire fighting equipment such as smoke exhaust fan and fire pump. In case of fire, the smoke exhaust fan will automatically start, open the smoke exhaust valve, and start smoke exhaust (Figure 1). Figure 1 control principle of smoke exhaust fan The basement of this project is the centralized point of fire control linkage, and the control lines of smoke exhaust fan and smoke exhaust valve in the basement are all led to the linkage controller of fire control center. Fire pump, spray pump, positive pressure fan, smoke exhaust fan, fire elevator, etc. It belongs to external control equipment and is controlled by linkage controller. The whole automatic fire alarm system is reasonable in design and reliable in operation. 3.2 Design and Application of Intelligent Fire Alarm System With the development of science and technology, intelligent fire alarm system came into being. From tradition to intelligence is the inevitable trend of fire alarm system technology development at home and abroad, and engineers must pay full attention to it. A large building complex in Xuzhou consists of three towers, one with 25 floors, one with 13 floors and one with 12 floors, which are connected by four-storey podium buildings. With a building area of 60,000 square meters and a building height of 85 m, its main functions are: 1 shopping mall on the 4th floor and office building on the 5th floor. Due to the large building area and wide detection area, the number of detectors is very considerable. The traditional automatic fire alarm system can no longer meet the needs. Therefore, in the design, after repeated scheme comparison, the intelligent fire alarm control system with master-slave network structure is selected. The system adopts large-capacity control matrix cross search software package, and software programming replaces hardware combination, which meets the applicability of large-scale projects and improves the flexibility and modifiability of fire fighting linkage. The system consists of a master, a slave and a repeater. The fire control center of this project is located at 1 floor, the main engine and the fire control linkage control cabinet are located at the fire control center, and the sub-machines and repeaters are located at each floor respectively. When determining the number of intelligent detectors, the layout and setting of detectors should be determined according to the provisions of Code for Design of Automatic Fire Alarm System. It stipulates that every room in the detection area should be equipped with at least one fire detector. The protection area and radius of smoke and temperature detectors shall be determined according to table 1. What is listed in the table is the protection area and radius of smoke detector or temperature detector. The detection area in a building is usually larger than the protection area of the detector. At this time, it is necessary to calculate the number of detectors to be set in a detection area, which can be calculated according to the following formula: where: n is the number of detectors to be set in a detection area (only), and n is an integer; S is the area (m); Detection area; A is the protection area of the detector; K is the correction factor, with the key protected buildings taking 0.7 ~ 0.9 and the non-key protected buildings taking 1.0. According to the calculation results of the above formula, the number of intelligent detectors installed in a detection area can be determined. The controller of the capacity calculation system is a master-slave network structure, and each master-slave system can only have one master. The number of slaves is determined according to the engineering requirements, generally calculated according to the number of detectors, and the maximum number of slaves is 15. Table 1 Protection area and radius a and radius r of smoke and temperature detectors Type of fire detectors S (m) 2 Room height H (m) θ≤ 15 A (m) 2 Roof slope θ 15 30 A(m)80 120 100 30 40 2 R(m)6/7 6.7 5.8 4.4 3.6 R(m)7.2 8.0 7.2 R(m) 8.0 9 9.0 5.5 6.3S≤80 Smoke detectors S > 80h ≤ 65438+ Therefore, the maximum capacity of the master or slave is 4×99=396 intelligent detectors and 4×99=396 addressing modules. After calculation, one master and four slaves are selected for this project, and each controller is designed according to four loops. The main N controls all fire-fighting equipment such as detectors, manual alarm buttons, control buttons and water flow indicators in the shopping mall on floor 1 ~ 4, and controls all fire-fighting equipment such as detectors, air supply valves, smoke exhaust valves and fire dampers in the basement from N 1. Slave N2 controls the fire-fighting equipment on floors 13 and 12, which are connected with tower 5 to 13, and N3 and N4 control the fire-fighting equipment on floors 5 to 13 and 14 to 25th of tower 25 respectively. The intelligent fire alarm control system of the whole building is designed reasonably. Considering the characteristics of the building complex, a 60,000-square-meter building with one master and four slaves is selected. If the traditional automatic fire alarm system is used, several sets of control systems are needed to control it respectively. The existing system design is economical, practical, accurate and reliable. Conclusion Based on the above engineering design and practical research, the following conclusions can be drawn. 1) The traditional automatic fire alarm system is suitable for small and medium-sized buildings. Its characteristic is that the detector belongs to the threshold type and the controller has only one host. The intelligent fire alarm control system adopts analog detector, and the control system adopts master-slave network structure, which has strong adaptability and is especially suitable for the fire alarm system of large buildings. 2) Intelligent fire alarm system, which overcomes the problems of missing report and false alarm of traditional automatic fire alarm system and improves the accuracy and reliability of the alarm system. It can be applied flexibly in the design, and the appropriate number of slave machines can be selected according to the engineering needs, so that the engineering design is the most economical and reasonable. 3) In order to nip in the bud, the design and application of fire alarm system is very important, and designers should optimize the design scheme according to different construction projects. References: [1] Cai Zixing, Xu Guangwa [2] right. Artificial intelligence and its application [M]. Beijing: Tsinghua University Publishing House,1996,329 ~ 360 Dai. Integrated integration of intelligent systems [M]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang Science and Technology Press, 65438+. [3] Chen. Design Manual of Building Automation System [M]. Beijing: China Building Industry Press,1994,230 ~ 270 [4] Wang Gentang. Professional training materials for public security fire supervisors, Public Press, 1997.