"Long auspicious roses are mysterious, and heaven and earth owe it to themselves" (Yan Yu's Cang Lang Shi Hua). Bai Juyi, Han Meng, Liu Liu and Bai Yuan led the great changes in the poetic style of the middle Tang Dynasty, while Li He stood tall in the poetic world of the middle Tang Dynasty with his elegance, showing his unique poetic style.
Since childhood, Li He has been sickly and looks strange. He is "long and thin, with eyebrows and long fingers and claws" (Biography of Chang Li Changji). As an adult, the post-official is indifferent, sad and frustrated, which leads him to lose the balanced mentality of ordinary people and present the characteristics of mild metamorphosis.
Li He's abnormal psychology is mainly manifested in his poems, such as "ghosts singing precious poems in autumn graves", which are full of strange images such as barren graves, ghosts and fires flashing. His abnormal psychology also embodies the sacred and beautiful fantasy of the celestial world, especially in shaping the image of "Xiang"
According to the statistics of Li Heshi's Index, "Xiang" appeared in eighty-two places. There are three main types of Li He's aromatic images in Wang Qi's Poems on Li He.
First, the fragrance of plants
In plant fragrance, there are both single original ecology and complex state of synaesthesia.
A single original ecology such as "Lilac" Abstract:
Lilac tips are tied in disorder and flowers are full of columns (unforgettable song).
Yao Ji has been gone for thousands of years, and lilacs and bamboos sing old apes (Wushan High).
Such as "Bamboo Fragrance" abstract:
Invasion of wild bamboo incense, stinging leaves thick ("five satires", the fifth).
The bamboo fragrance is full of sadness and silence, and the powder is painted green ("Long Valley Poetry").
Another example is the fragrance summary of other plants:
Trees are fragrant at the head of the river, and butterflies fly on the shore (Chasing Willow).
The maple fragrance is quiet in the evening, and the golden hill reflects the golden water (Shu).
These are the "scents" that plants can emit and people's sense of smell can directly feel, that is, the scents of natural native plants. Li He's poems also have the plant fragrance of synaesthesia complex state. "Synaesthesia" refers to the mutual communication between various sensory organs in literary and artistic creation and appreciation, that is, various functions such as vision, hearing, touch and smell can communicate with each other, regardless of boundaries. In synaesthesia, color seems to have temperature, sound seems to have image, and cold and warm seems to have weight.
The classification of odor is a difficult problem in psychology. While Li He used synaesthesia to analyze and summarize the smell, mainly the fragrance:
Warm fragrance-ripe apricot warm fragrant pear leaves are old, and the grass tip bamboo fence locks the pool mark (South Garden).
Cold fragrance-fine dew and wet red, cold fragrance relieves night drunkenness ("Shi Chengxiao").
Dead fragrance-thousand cages of small trees are really waxy, and dead fragrance is counted (New Summer Song).
Thorn incense-thorn incense all over the ground, rain beam sad old (new summer song).
I hate incense-I write Chu ci in the green light, and I hate the fragrance of spring powder and black partition (the sixth new bamboo shoot in Changgu Beiyuan).
Bitter fragrance-sad fragrance of pine and cypress, a few nights wind in the South Garden (The Second Tomb of Wang Zhuo).
New fragrance-snake, snake, sun scale, new fragrance, a few grains of Hongyami (five songs).
Xiang Yan-Poor sunset, Xiang Yan Waterfall, marriage and spring breeze don't need media (Thirteen Poems in South Garden).
Ancient fragrance-the old laurel on the mountain blows ancient fragrance, and the mother dragon complains about the cold light of the water (song).
Warm fragrance means that the skin perceives the smell and describes the fragrance of apricot in the warm and hot climate of Nanyuan.
Leng Xiang refers to the skin perceiving smell. "Red, flowers also. There is dew, and its fragrance is very cold. Smelling it can solve the night drunkenness. " .
Dead fragrance is a kind of dry and rotten flower fragrance, and vision and smell communicate.
Pungent scent and pungent scent make skin feel connected with smell. Wang Qi said: "A thorn means that the tip of its leaf is like a thorn." It seems inappropriate to explain "pungent smell" by appearance, but it is more in line with Li He's sense of smell if it is explained by "pungent smell".
The greasy fragrance is a strong sticky bamboo fragrance, and the sense of touch and smell are connected.
Bitter and fragrant, it is bitter and spicy rosin, and the touch is connected with the smell.
The new fragrance is the fresh and elegant taste of small pine trees, and the vision is connected with the smell.
Xiang Yan is a colorful fragrance of flowers, and vision and smell communicate.
The ancient fragrance is the mature fragrance of the old osmanthus tree, and the vision is connected with the smell.
Second, the article is fragrant.
Overview of natural products:
Sweet rain-according to the faint rain fragrance, the fragrance is green, and the greasy leaves shine on the door ("Henan House tries December Music Words" in April).
Peach gum fragrance-peach gum welcomes summer and amber, and the more self-taught servants can grow melons (the third of Thirteen Poems in the South Garden).
Incense hook-the window contains a distant book, and the fish holds the incense hook near Los Angeles (the eighth of Thirteen Poems in the South Garden).
Xianglu-a night around the mountains and autumn, Xianglu is fragrant ("Dawn in Taihang Mountain on July 1st").
Sweet mud is filled with sweet mud, but the moon basin, and the green room welcomes Xiao Bai all night ("Peony Variety Song").
Sweet rain, rain falls from flowers, so it has fragrance.
Peach gum fragrance, the juice secreted by peach trees, condenses like amber and contains fragrance.
The scent of the hook and bait.
Fragrant dewdrops, flowers with dewdrops.
Sweet you, the soil is fragrant, and the peony is even more fragrant.
The fragrance of man-made articles is mainly the fragrance of aromatic buildings and their decorative articles.
People in the Tang Dynasty attached great importance to aromatic architecture. "The royal buildings in the Tang Dynasty and the residences of dignitaries used a lot of spices as building materials. These materials may be included in the capital as a tribute or gift from the government. Summary of Notes on Six Codes of the Great Tang Dynasty Three Households Langzhong Yuan Wailang Tiao: Among the top ten tributes in China, there are musk, lacquer, crimson incense, Hutongxiang, Lingling incense, Aquilaria Resinatum, Jiaxiang, clove, Zhantangxiang, Sichuan pepper and so on. The same volume of "The Right Collection of Taifu Temple" also records the abstract: Lingling incense in Yongzhou, agarwood, agastaches, smoked halogen incense in Guangfu, chicken tongue incense, Aina apricot and Lithospermum in Jingzhao, etc., all belong to the collection that must be collected. Overseas envoys often bring exotic and precious borneol from Nanyang, tulips from Guo Kang and benzoin from Persia.
In Li He's poems, there have been fragrant, fragrant, fragrant, fragrant, fragrant and so on. These incense sticks are decorative and healthy for life, especially incense sticks, which are not only for incense, but also for punctuality, reflecting the incense in the Tang Dynasty.
Saul recommended, Xiang Xiang Yuan Yang Re (Huang Toulang).
-incense comes out of the Yuanyang-shaped incense burner.
Aquilaria fire warms dogwood smoke, and wine brings new attempts (screen song).
-The burning dogwood smoke of Daphne.
Like a mouth blowing incense, the hair is warm, and the seven stars hang on the board ("Gongwa Song").
-pictographic incense burner, "incense burns in the air, making smoke come out of the mouth" (4).
Lian Xiao's makeup is beautiful, and Ye Xiang's taper is reduced (Angry Gong).
-"incense cone, incense burner in the account, until the fire goes out, the incense decreases" (5).
Keep the incense in the tent and watch the eagle live forever at night ("Seeing Qin Guanglu North").
-"fragrance is to remember the fragrance of the moment."
The spring breeze follows the ponytail, and the willow flowers are fragrant at home ("Two Rewards").
-"Neijiaxiang" is the fragrance made by the court.
There is a banquet for immortals on the roof, and blowing sheng is fragrant at the bottom of the account (Poems of Qin Gong).
-when the incense is a feast.
The golden toad is fragrant with candles, and the prostitutes are singing in uniform (Glorious Song).
-Toad-shaped incense burner.
The witch poured wine on the cloud, and the jade stove in winter smelled of charcoal (immortal).
Witches greet gods with incense and drums, so they feel that incense is like drums, which is like synaesthesia. Hearing and smell are connected.
People flow in spring, and the account is warm and fragrant (the first of six satirical poems).
-incense in the living room.
When I came back from obscurity, I went to the Aquilaria Building in the dark (Mochow Song).
-Daphne architecture.
Third, beauty fragrance.
In some poems by Li He, "Xiang" is the fragrance of beauty-
Weaving can carry fragrance and sweat, and scissors can catch brocade scales (bamboo).
The jade phoenix in the flower building is charming and hideous, and the sea is red and fragrant (Qin Wang Yin).
Zhu Zhen's little girl went down to the green profile, and the garden was full of incense (Luo Shu Zhu Zhen).
A white horse wearing a robe does not return, and a thick moth is drunk and fragrant (Luo Shu Zhu Zhen).
When does the account of Lvxiang Embroidery rest? Qingyun Palace (Li Furen) has no lights.
Jade melts wet silk, leads to water, and hot powder produces fragrant purple (a song of sleeping at night).
Shi Menghan, the fragrance is half as heavy as sandalwood (Song of Beauty Combing Hair).
In Li He's mind, as long as it is a beautiful woman, as long as it involves women, it brings "fragrance".
"Sweet sweat" is unique to beautiful women; "Hai Gan Hong Wen" refers to beauty clothes; "Fragrant wind" refers to the fragrance brought by beautiful women; "Sweet Lips", the sweet lips of beautiful women; "Green fragrance" —— Why not use "warm fragrance" to write Li Furen's legacy? Because Li Furen was dead at this time, but the fragrance in the account had not stopped, "green" gave people a feeling of depression, and Li He used color very richly, and the word "green" lived out the poet's artistic conception; "Hot powder produces fragrance" means that a woman's face emits fragrance due to heat; "Dance skirt fragrance", beauty clothes fragrance; "Xiang Xiang" refers to a beautiful woman's hair.
In Li He's "fragrant" world, there is his yearning for love and fame, and it is also a compensatory fantasy for the dark, boring and monotonous real world.
Note summary:
(1) You, Ma Enwen and Editor's Summary: Li Heshi Index, pp. 353-355, Qilu Bookstore, 1984.
② ④ ⑤ [Author Tang, Qi, etc. Notes on Li He's Poems, pp. 22 1, 129, 144, 166, Shanghai People's Publishing House, 1977.
(3) Ge Abstract: Cultural Perspective of Aromatic Architecture in Tang Dynasty. See the abstract edited by Zheng Leng: Essays on Exploration, p. 507, Shanghai People's Publishing House, 1994.