(Comments: The title summarizes the footprint of China's modernization with "Meeting Challenges and Integrating into the World", which is both eye-catching and has different opinions; The opening text is concise, which not only summarizes the whole content of the small paper, but also expounds it in detail.
65438+In the 1940s, Britain completed the industrial revolution and created great productivity. In order to seek raw material producing areas and commodity markets, overseas colonial expansion intensified. Then, the first Opium War was launched against China. After China's defeat and the signing of treaty of nanking, China was forced to turn from a closed country to a capitalist world market and began to become a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society. Patriotic intellectuals, led by Lin Zexu and Wei Yuan, woke up from the dream of China, opened their eyes to see the world, and put forward the idea of "learning from foreigners to control foreigners", which played an enlightening role in modernization.
19 in the 1960s, China faced internal troubles and foreign invasion. There are the aftermath of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement at home and the failure of the Second Opium War abroad. So the landlord class reformers launched a self-help movement-Westernization Movement. He put forward the slogan of "self-improvement" and "seeking wealth", founded a large number of modern civil industrial enterprises, trained a large number of talents and overseas students in this field, and consolidated his rule. The Westernization Movement was only an instrumental reform, which did not touch the feudal system, so it was impossible for China to embark on the road of independence and prosperity. But objectively, it stimulated the development of capitalism and resisted the expansion of foreign capital in China. The establishment of the Prime Minister's yamen was also the earliest diplomatic institution established by the Qing government. China has finally taken the first step of modernization.
19 At the end of the 20th century, Europe launched the second industrial revolution, and major capitalist countries made a transition to imperialism, with rapid development and further expansion of productive forces. 1894- 1895 In the Sino-Japanese War of 1895, China was defeated and the treaty of shimonoseki was signed, which made China semi-colonial and semi-feudal increasingly serious. Other powers set off a wave of carve-up in China and divided their spheres of influence. When the national crisis intensified, the Reform Movement of 1898 and the Revolution of 1911 came into being. From political reform to overthrowing the feudal dynasty from bottom to top, from feudal autocracy to bourgeois democracy, China's modernization is deepening step by step. (Comments: Three paragraphs narrate the history from treaty of nanking to the Revolution of 1911 in an orderly way, and put forward some arguments, such as the enlightenment of China's opening to the outside world, the awakening of patriotic intellectuals, and the fundamental difference between the upper-level reform and the bottom-up Revolution of 1911, so as to draw the conclusion that the process of modernization is from learning utensils to learning systems step by step. In history, it is solid and powerful. While discussing the changes in China, it is closely related to the external reasons that led to these changes-the outward expansion of Britain after the completion of the industrial revolution, the second industrial revolution in Europe, and so on. The exposition of nearly a hundred years' history has clear clues, highlighting the theme that China is constantly being invaded, constantly resisting and constantly striving for self-improvement in the process of modernization. )
After 19 15, patriotic intellectuals, led by Chen Duxiu, Hu Shi and Li Dazhao, launched an ideological emancipation struggle-the New Culture Movement. Criticize feudal thought and call for "democracy" and "science". (Comment: What is the background of the world? ) 19 17, the victory of the October revolution spread Marxism and provided theoretical guidance and cadre preparation for the establishment of the * * * production party. China's modernization has reached a new level.
From 65438 to 0972, the cold war between the United States and the Soviet Union became increasingly fierce. The United States lifted its blockade of China, Zhou Enlai met with Nixon, and China began to officially open to the world. 1978, the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee proposed emancipating the mind and seeking truth from facts, and shifting the party's work center to economic construction. The 12 th and 14 th National Congress of reform and opening up established the socialist market economic system, and China's opening up efforts are increasing day by day. 2 1 century, political and economic globalization. China's western development, its successful bid for Expo and its entry into WTO are both opportunities and challenges for China. China must be more open.
(Comment: The discussion meets the requirements of the topic, but some historical facts are misunderstood. The last sentence that has nothing to do with this topic can be deleted. History tells us that China's modernization is a tortuous and open process from being forced to enter the world to actively integrating into the world. Therefore, we should cherish today's opportunity, develop and open up, rejuvenate the country through science and education, and build the socialist cause better.
General comment: this is a good article that conforms to the specification of small papers. The topic is eye-catching and reasonable, and the discussion revolves around the materials according to the requirements of the topic. The historical facts are clear, the viewpoints are clear and well-founded. There is an overview at the beginning and an echo at the end. The shortcomings are that some historical facts have been misinterpreted, such as the cold war situation in 1972, and the talks between Zhou Enlai and Nixon marked the opening of China.
From this we can see that a good essay may have the following elements: