2. 1 Features and effects of playing with distance difference "distance difference" refers to the difference between the invalid distance and the actual effective distance between the two sides in wartime. In Sanshou combat, both players keep a certain distance in the confrontation. When excellent players take the initiative to attack, they often occupy the effective attack distance by moving quickly, so that the attack method touches the opponent at the highest point of strength, and the difference between the invalid distance and the actual effective distance is very small; When defending, we can move with accurate footwork, or make a little movement with chest, hips and waist to avoid the opponent's attack properly, and then we can fight back quickly and timely, with a small distance difference. And a low-level player often can't touch the other side when he takes the initiative to attack; When defending, you often can't avoid the opponent's attack, or "retreat a thousand miles and run away", and you often miss the opportunity to fight back. These phenomena show that the smaller the difference between invalid distance and effective distance, the better the sense of distance. "China Sanshou" said that "sense of distance" is the specialized perception or depth perception of Sanshou athletes. It includes not only the judgment and recognition of the distance between itself and the other party, but also the understanding of the range of activities between its own actions, which is mainly produced by the coordinated activities of binocular vision and the corresponding centers of the cerebral cortex on the basis of fully developing the differential sensitivity. The use of "distance difference" has the following three characteristics:

1) "sense of distance" In wartime, both sides are in intense activities, and I am advancing and retreating, and I am advancing and hiding, which is unpredictable. The opponent is quick-thinking, skilled and flexible in footwork. The more difficult it is to master the effective distance between attack and defense, the easier it is. In addition, for short people's height and the use of different kicking, hitting and throwing techniques, the effective distance between attack and defense is also obviously different, because everyone's skills, reactions and abilities are mutually restricted and promoted. The sense of distance can be changed. Is to compare with different opponents. If it's good, I'm poor. If it's good, I'm poor. As the saying goes, "the strong will always be strong." Therefore, improving athletes' sense of distance is an important part of Sanshou training, and it must be grasped repeatedly.

2) Effective distance of attack In Sanshou actual combat, although the distance between the two sides always changes in an instant, when an athlete launches an attack, he must try his best to grasp the best hitting distance with quick footwork and accurately hit his opponent, which will make him suffer the heaviest blow. At this point, I can keep the ideal distance and posture that is the easiest to change my defense, that is, "I can attack when I enter, and I can force my point accurately;" If you return it, you can keep it and be flexible.

3) The effective distance of defending Sanshou competition can't be won by simple defense. The purpose of defense is to prevent the opponent from hitting the scoring position; Second, after defense, you can counterattack your opponent in time and turn passivity into initiative. Therefore, when defending, the shorter the distance from the edge of the opponent's attack, the better, sometimes only a few mm away, or even just a turn around, you can save the day (that is, seize the opponent's imbalance and quickly counterattack) and get a very high success rate. As we all know, although a long defensive distance can avoid the opponent's attack, it makes it more difficult for him to fight back, and even misses the opportunity and is in a passive position. This is an undesirable passive play. In a word, improving the ability of using distance difference depends on the speed and flexibility of footwork, because the speed, accuracy and flexibility of footwork directly affect the effect of adjusting distance. The Wushu proverb says that "if you walk slowly, your fist (leg) will be slow", so the footwork of Sanshou must be "disease, accuracy, agility and stability". "Sick" means to be quick; "accurate" means that the moving distance should be accurate; "Live" means to advance and retreat flexibly; "Stability" means that the center of gravity should be controlled smoothly and not out of balance.

2.2 Characteristics and effects of playing with time difference "time difference" refers to the time difference before and after the opponent completes the relevant offensive and defensive actions. The so-called related offensive and defensive actions are interrelated "rounds" in which one side attacks and the other side defends and counterattacks. If my opponent attacks, I will counterattack before or after the attack tactics are issued. Mastering the "timing" of counterattack is the key to jet lag. Traditional fighting theories, such as "taking advantage of the situation", "taking advantage of the situation", "stealing", "pushing the boat with the current" and "just ahead of others' strength and using others' strength", are undoubtedly a high summary and theoretical sublimation of using time difference to play. The use of jet lag has the following characteristics and effects:

1) Take advantage of the old strength to jump back. Black's right leg failed to attack, and the red side quickly countered his knee with a right cross kick when he fell, knocking black down without much effort.

Seizing this time to fight back has several advantages: first, psychologically, the active attacker has not adjusted after being frustrated because of the failure of the attack, that is, the offensive consciousness has not changed into the defensive consciousness; Secondly, due to the inertia force of the action, the center of gravity is in an unbalanced state; Moreover, the offensive leg has just landed and cannot be converted into a defensive posture, so the success rate of "using others' old strength to jump" is extremely high.

2) Taking advantage of the large number of people, the red side attacked with a right fist, the black side's strategy flashed to the left, and the red side fell forward because of the failure of the attack. The black side took this opportunity to throw the red side down with a stroke, and received excellent results of "four or two strokes".

3) Using people's strength to block the black side's attempt to turn around and swing his legs to the right, the red side quickly blocked his hips with his right leg while turning around and skillfully kicked the black side down.

This is to fight back before grasping the opponent's "hard power", which can first cause psychological pressure on the opponent; Secondly, the opponent is ready to attack, supported by one leg, and the center of gravity is tilted. This is the truth of kicking in the air in the boxing spectrum. Once subjected to external force, it is easy to fall.

2.3 Characteristics and Classification of Playing with Spatial Difference "Spatial difference" only refers to the spatial difference between the hitting part and the defensive part of the athlete's body exposed to the opponent in actual combat. Sanshou competition is judged by the number of points scored, and the rules stipulate that "obviously hitting the effective part" can score. Therefore, in actual combat, both sides try to avoid being hit by the other side, and at the same time try to break through the defense of the other side. Therefore, when opponents are at the same level, the greater the exposure of effective hitting space (except for special tactical needs), the greater the possibility of being hit; On the contrary, it greatly increased the insurance factor. There are three types of "space difference" games:

1) reducing the length is also a practical preparation potential. Black sinks with his body slightly bent, with his right arm bent to his right chest and his left arm slightly bent, standing in front of his body and standing sideways. Compared with the red edge, the exposed space is smaller, which is one of the ways to reduce the space; The black side hangs its arm to the side, exposing a lot of space, while the red side is going to attack the black side with its legs, and at the same time, its hands tightly protect the upper body, because if the black side strikes back at this time, the most likely attack position is the head or trunk, and the red side adopts this offensive and defensive posture, which is another way to reduce the space.

The hand is the second door, and the reasonable offensive and defensive posture should be the bottom, and the left should be protected. When attacking others, we should fully consider the parts where others will attack back and be prepared for prevention. This is the secret of victory.

2) Forced space "Sanshou Rules" stipulates that all parts except the two arms are effective parts, and the attack range is beyond the reach of other martial arts events. In Sanshou competition, the athletes of both sides use their own flexible footwork to move, and use fast and skillful offensive means to hit their opponents with one stroke and one style. "China Sanshou" is called "attack and take directly" tactics, the essence of which is to use fast control and slow play.

3) Transferring space means that in actual combat, the active attacker uses the combination of truth and falsehood to transfer the opponent's defensive space, thus hitting its effective position. Black punched Rhett in the head with his left hand, and then attacked him in the chest with his right. After shifting Reid's defensive position, revealing the space below his chest, he continued to attack his torso with a right kick, which made Reid unpredictable. This is the typical "starting with the first hand, hitting the second hand" and "hitting the white from time to time" (China Wushu Dictionary). 2.4 Training Strategies to Improve the Ability of Playing Distance Difference, Time Difference and Space Difference 2.4. 1 Training Strategies to Improve the Ability of Playing Distance Difference As can be seen from the table 1, the training methods to improve the ability of playing distance difference are the second, fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh. Many experts also think that these seven training methods have good training effects, but they should be targeted according to the level of the object.

Table 1 Training method with better effect to improve the ability of using distance difference.